The document discusses rules of arrest under Philippine national law. It defines arrest and outlines the differences between civil and criminal law. There are two types of arrest - arrest with a warrant and warrantless arrest. When making an arrest, officers must respect the custodial rights of suspects. After arrest, a suspect can only be detained for a certain period of time depending on the crime before they must be charged. A preliminary investigation is also usually required before filing a complaint in court. The document outlines the rights of the accused during this investigation and trial.

1. RULES OF ARREST

2. Philippine National Law
2TYPES OF LAW
1. Civil Law
3. Criminal Law

3. Philippine National Law
• Security management firms must recognize the
difference between civil and criminal law.
• In many cases, security guards can not intervene
in civil law and are limited in their capacity to
address criminal law.
• In relation to the operation of the business,
companies also must be able to evaluate their
exposure to civil liability that is associated with
their security operations.

4. THE PHILIPPINE CRIMINAL JUSTICE
SYSTEM
•The Philippine criminal justice system is
composed of five parts or pillars, namely:
1. Law Enforcement,
2. Prosecution,
3. Judiciary,
4. Penology, and
5. The Community.

5. ARREST
Definition of Arrest
– is the taking of a person into
custody in order that he may be
bound to answer for the commission
of an offense.

6. 2 KINDS OF ARREST:
1.Arrest withWarrant; and
2.Warrantless Arrest/ Citizen’s
Arrest.

7. It shall be the duty of the
officer executing the warrant
to:
a)Arrest the accused, and
b)Deliver arrested person to the
nearest police station or jail.
Note: Without unnecessary delay.
Duty of Arresting Officer

8. The head of the office to whom the warrant of
arrest was delivered for execution shall cause
the warrant to be executed within ten (10)
days from its receipt.Within ten (10) days
after the expiration of the period, the officer
to whom it was assigned for execution shall
make a report to the judge who issued the
warrant. In case of his failure to execute the
warrant, he shall state the reason why no
arrest was made.
Execution of Warrant of Arrest

9. ARREST WITHOUTWARRANT
A peace officer or a private person
may, without a warrant, arrest a person;
(1) When, in his presence, the person
to be arrested
has committed,
is actually committing, or
is attempting to commit
an offense or a crime;

10. ARREST WITHOUTWARRANT; WHEN
LAWFUL?
(2) When an offense has just been committed
and he has probable cause to believe based on
personal knowledge of facts or circumstances
that the person to be arrested has committed it;
and
(3) When the person to be arrested is a
prisoner who has escaped from a penal
establishment or place where he is serving final
judgment or is temporarily confined while his
case is pending, or has escaped while being
transferred from one confinement to another.

11. TIME OF MAKING AN ARREST
– An arrest may be made on
any day and at any time of the
day or night.

12. PERIOD WHEN ARRESTED PERSON
/ SUSPECTVALIDLY
BDETAINED:
1.WithinTwelve (12) hours for crimes
or offenses punishable by light
penalties, or their equivalent,
2.Within Eighteen (18) hours for
crimes or offenses punishable by
correctional penalties, or their
equivalent,
3.WithinThirty-six (36) hours for
crimes or offenses punishable by
afflictive or capital penalties or
their equivalent.

13. CUSTODIAL RIGHTS OF A PERSON / SUSPECT
Section 12, Article III of the 1987 Constitution (Miranda
Doctrine)
1. The right to be informed of his rights.
2. The right to remain silent and to be reminded that
anything he says can and will be used against him;
3. The right to an attorney or to counsel, preferably of his
own choice; if not, one will be provided for him;
4. Right against torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation
or any other means which vitiate the free will of the
person;
5. Right against secret detention places, solitary,
incommunicado, or other similar forms of detention

14. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
Preliminary Investigation Defined; When
Required?
- Preliminary investigation is an inquiry or
proceeding to determine whether there is
sufficient ground to bring about a well-
founded belief that a crime has been
committed and the respondent is
probably guilty thereof, and should be
held for trial. Except as provided in
section 7 of this Rule, a preliminary
investigation is required to be conducted
before the filing of a complaint or
information for an offense where the
penalty prescribed by law is at least four
(4) years, two (2) months and one (1) day
without regard to the fine.

15. OFFICERS AUTHORIZEDTO CONDUCT
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION.
The following may conduct preliminary
investigations:
1. Provincial or City Prosecutors and their
assistants;
2. Judges of the Municipal Trial Courts and
MunicipalCircuitTrial Courts;
3. National and Regional State Prosecutors;
and
4. Other officers as may be authorized by law.

16. RIGHTS OFTHE ACCUSED
Rights of the accused at the trial
– In all criminal prosecutions, the
accused shall be entitled to the following
rights:
(a) To be presumed innocent until the
contrary is proved beyond reasonable
doubt;
(b) To be informed of the nature and
cause of the accusation against him;

17. c)To be present and defend in person and by counsel at
every stage of the proceedings, from arraignment to
promulgation of judgment.The accused may,
however, waive his right to be present at the trial
pursuant to the stipulations set forth in his bail,
unless his presence specifically ordered by the court
for purposes of identification.The absence of the
accused without justifiable cause at the trial of which
he had notice shall be considered a waiver of his
right to be present thereat;
d)To testify as a witness in his own but subject to cross
examination on the matters covered by the direct
examination. His silence shall not in any manner
prejudice him;
RIGHTS OFTHE ACCUSED

18. e) To be exempted from being compelled to
be a witness against himself;
(f) To confront and cross-examine the
witnesses against him at the trial. Either
party may utilize as part of its evidence the
testimony of a witness who is deceased, out
of or can not with due diligence be found in
the Philippines, unavailable, or otherwise
unable to testify, given in another case or
proceeding, judicial or administrative,
involving the same parties and subject
matter, the adverse party having the
opportunity to cross-examine him;
RIGHTS OFTHE ACCUSED

19. (g)To have compulsory process issued to secure the
attendance of witnesses and production of other evidence in
his behalf;
(h)To have speedy, impartial and public trial;
(i) To appeal in all cases allowed and in the manner
prescribed by law.

20. THANK YOU!