The document provides an overview of key aspects of conducting a literature review for research. It defines what a literature review is, its purpose, elements to include, and different approaches and formats. A literature review evaluates and summarizes existing scholarly work related to the research topic. It establishes the theoretical framework for a study and prevents duplication. The review should describe, analyze, and synthesize relevant literature while identifying relationships between sources. Proper writing involves searching, evaluating, and analyzing sources to identify gaps and clarify the research problem.

1. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
an evaluative report of information found in the literature related
to your selected area of study. The review should describe, summarize,
evaluate and clarify this literature. It should give a theoretical base for
the research and help you (the author) determine the nature of your
research. Works which are irrelevant should be discarded and those
which are peripheral should be looked at critically.
is more than the search for information, and goes beyond being
a descriptive annotated bibliography. All works included in the review
must be read, evaluated and analyzed (which you would do for an
annotated bibliography), but relationships between the literature must
also be identified and articulated, in relation to your field of research.

3. ELEMENTS AND PURPOSE OF RRL

4. PURPOSE OF RRL
1. It helps the researcher identify and define a research problem
2. It helps justify the need for studying a problem.
3. It prevents unnecessary duplication of a study
4. It can be a source of a theoretical basis for the study
5. It enables the researcher to learn how to conceptualize a research
problem and properly identify and operationally define study variables
6. It helps formulate and refine research instruments
7. It provides lesson for data analysis and interpretation.

5. ELEMENTS OF RRL
The literature review serves as in-depth summary of the related
literatures to the study. It does not only restate facts but rather critique
and highlight their relevance to the research. In doing so, several
elements should be observed in writing this section:
1. Overview of the subject or topic, issues, or theories to be considered
2. Division of works such as those that support a particular position,
those against, and those that offer other ideas
3. Explanation of the comparison of the gathered literature
4. Conclusions and the best arguments.

6. WRITING THE LITERATURE REVIEW
Since a literature review serves to preface the purpose
of the study, the related literature cannot be evaluated without
setting the foundation for the review. A literature review,
therefore follows a systematic approach in writing its content.
The premise of the review should be clarified and the relation
of the cited resource materials to the study should be
established. Thus, different stages are observed when writing
the literature review:

7. WRITING THE LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Problem formulation. The researcher must determine the
research problem before the review of literature is conducted to
fully understand the variables considered in the study.
2. Literature search. Any reading material that is related to the
study must include a discussion and explanation of at least one of
the variables.
3. Data evaluation. The indicators that are synthesized from
various relevant sources must further Build the researcher’s
confidence as the variables of his or her study are made clear.
4. Analysis and interpretation. Breaking the entire reading
article into smaller parts will help the researcher correctly interpret
the information in the reviewed materials. Format

8. FORMAT OF A LITERATURE REVIEW
In writing the literature review, the researcher can be flexible in utilizing
different related literature. However, as stated earlier, the literature review is
not merely a restatement of facts. Thus, the organization of thought should be
duly considered when writing the review. The general format of a literature
review is as follows:
1. The Introduction
a. The general problem and the variables should be defined.
b. Every important data should be highlighted to effectively discuss the
problem or the variables such as the theory, methodology, evidences,
conclusions, or even gaps.
c. The criteria in selecting the literature should be considered to assess which
resources are pertinent and should be included, and which are irrelevant and
should be removed.

9. FORMAT OF A LITERATURE REVIEW
2. The Body
a. Chosen approaches, conclusion of authors, specific objective, and the like
should be included.
b. Studies and literature should be summarized. For the studies, primary
consideration must be given to the result of the studies that includes the
variables. In choosing the literature, the following should be considered:
i. Provenance-This refers to the author’s credentials and the empirical basis
of the article or literature.
ii. Objectivity- This refers to the rationality of every data or facts cited.
iii. Persuasiveness- This refers to the degree of credibility of the data.
iv. Value- This refers to the degree of the contributions of the literature to
clarify variables

10. STYLES/ APPROACHES OF RRL
1. Traditional Review of Literature
A "traditional" literature review provides an overview of the
research findings on particular topics. A traditional literature is written by
examining a body of published work, then writing a critical summary (an
impressionistic overview) of the body of literature. The purpose of a
literature review is making clear for a reader what the research
collectively indicates with regard to a particular issue or question.
Traditional review is of different types that are as follows:
1.Conceptual review – analysis of concepts or ideas to give meaning
to some national or world issues.
2. Critical review – focuses on theories or hypotheses and examines
meanings and results of their application to situation.

11. STYLES/ APPROACHES OF RRL
• 3. State-of-the-Art review – makes the researcher deal
with the latest research studies on the subject.
• 4. Expert review – encourages a well-known expert to do
the RRL because of the influence of certain ideology,
paradigm, or belief on him/her.
• 5. Scoping review – prepares a situation for a future
research work in the form of project making about
community development, government policies, and health
services, among others

12. STYLES/ APPROACHES OF RRL
• 2. Systematic Review of Literature
• Systematic reviews aim to find as much as possible of the
research relevant to the particular research questions, and
use explicit methods to identify what can reliably be said on
the basis of these studies. Methods should not only be
explicit but systematic with the aim of producing varied and
reliable results. Such reviews then go on to synthesize
research findings in a form which is easily accessible to
those who have to make policy or practice decisions. In this
way, systematic reviews reduce the bias which can occur in
other approaches to reviewing research evidence.

13. TIPS IN WRITING THE LR
Now that the technical aspects are laid out, one should have a better
understanding of the purpose of the literature review in a research paper.
Since it prefaces the entire research study, the researcher should observe
meticulous writing of the each section of the paper. After all, a well-written
literature review can help readers to easily grasp the actual content.
The following are helpful tips in writing the review:
1. Sources, scholarly works, references, and other materials that are refereed
and indexed should to be used. Electronic sources should be properly
scrutinized since the contained information are sometimes inaccurate or
erroneous.
2. Each source should be selected based on its contribution to the topic under
review.

14. TIPS IN WRITING THE LR
3. The relationship of one source to another should be
described.
4. Interpretation should be done appropriately by looking into
gaps of previous research.
5. Conflicts or contradictions should be resolved.
6. Areas of prior scholarship should be identified.
7. One’s original work should be placed in the context of
existing literature.

15. SAMPLE OF LITERATURE REVIEW
Skipping Breakfast of High School Students (Bacsal, et al., 2015)
On Eating Breakfast. Breakfast is often called the most important meal of the
day (Henager, 2010). Eating breakfast allows one’s body to start the day off right.
With the right nutrients, your breakfast can be a great way to function properly. It is
true that many students are coming to schools without eating breakfast for various
reasons or students are making poor nutritional choices at breakfast times for many
reasons including: not enough time in the morning, eating habits, and food
preferences. According to Baley (2003), any of these can lead to a lack of
concentration at school or throughout the day or even weight issues in the future.
Poor breakfast choices can be blamed on education, historical developments, and
income and social determinants. In addition, children who skip meals barely meet
the required dietary intake. This results to lethargy and difficulty in doing mental
tasks (Bailey and Earl, 1993).