This document discusses important considerations for writing a review of related literature and introduces common research instruments. It recommends defining a clear research problem and scope, and selecting relevant publications from the appropriate discipline. The document also describes five common research instruments: questionnaires, interviews, observation, focus group discussion, and secondary sources; providing brief explanations of how each instrument is used to collect data.

1. TIPS IN WRITING
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
Presented by: DR. EDGAR F. OLUA

2. Consider this questions in
writing RRL
• What is the specific problem or
research question that my literature
review aims to define?
• What type of literature review am I
conducting?

3. • What is the scope of my literature
review?
• What type of publications am I using (e.g.
Journals, books, e-books)?
• What discipline am I working (human
resource, governance, teaching-
learning)?

4. • Has my sources been wide enough to
ensure that I have found all the
relevant material?
• Have I excluded all irrelevant
literature?
• Have I critically analyzed the
resources I found?

5. Research Instruments
• A research instrument is a tool used to
collect, measure, and analyze data related
to your research interests

6. 1. Questionnaires
• Are considered the most common types of
research instruments for collecting data
from the participants of the study
• It facilitates the collection of large amount
of data

7. 2. Interview
• Also known as oral questionnaire
• It involves process where a researcher
solicits information from respondents
through verbal interaction
• Usually used when there is small number
of respondents

8. 3. Observation
• Research instrument to collect data through
the 5 senses
• A popular instrument in research especially in
behavioral and social disciplines
• The result will be viable as it is free from
being biased but it has the problem of
inaccuracy and delayed result

9. 4. Focus Group Discussion
• Instrument whereby researchers obtain data
from large group of people at the same time
• It is different from interview method because
interview focuses on one person at a time
• Researcher should identify key informants
before conduct of FGD

10. 5. Secondary Sources
• Known to be readily available compared to
data collected through questionnaire,
interview, observation, and FDG
• Journal articles, textbooks, newspaper,
dissertations