This document discusses the role of lawyers in nuclear safety, security, and safeguards. It covers several key points:
1. Lawyers have an important role in advising regulatory bodies and assisting with legislation, regulations, authorization processes, inspections, enforcement, emergency preparedness, training, and international agreements.
2. They provide legal assistance in areas like developing radiation safety laws, licensing and permitting processes, inspection procedures, and emergency response plans.
3. Nigeria has made progress through activities like reviewing its nuclear safety law, authorizing practices, and establishing inter-agency coordination. However, challenges remain like finalizing some regulations and MOUs with other government organizations.
The document discusses the Convention Against Torture (CAT) and efforts undertaken by Philippine government agencies to comply with its provisions. It provides details on accomplishments made towards implementing the Anti-Torture Law, enhancing preventive mechanisms, increasing awareness of human rights, and enacting supporting legislation. Key accomplishments include upgrading detention monitoring systems, training over 131 custodial officers, and establishing human rights desks in the Philippine National Police.
1) South Sudan thanked Kenya and other organizations for hosting the 2014 Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.
2) The end of South Sudan's 21-year civil war left between 1.9-3.2 million small arms and light weapons in unauthorized hands, including 400,000-600,000 in civilian possession, threatening security.
3) To address conflicts and insecurity, South Sudan established the Bureau for Community Security and Small Arms Control to lead national policies on community security and proliferation of small arms.
The Counter-Terrorism and Border Security Act 2019 aims to update terrorism offences to reflect the evolving threat and nature of radicalization, disrupt terrorism by enabling earlier police intervention, and ensure sentences properly reflect the seriousness of offences. Key measures include expanding terrorism offences to include online activity, increasing maximum penalties for preparatory offences, strengthening management of terrorist offenders after release, and conferring new stop and search powers at borders to counter hostile state activity. The Act is intended to ensure police and security services have the necessary powers to tackle terrorism and threats to national security.
Citizens appeal for more expeditious and timely justice in the Indian legal system. The current system faces many problems that cause delays, including a lack of judges and infrastructure, political influence, corruption, and inefficient investigation practices. Several solutions are proposed, including alternative dispute resolution, prioritizing urgent cases, increasing transparency, appointing specialized police and review bodies, and implementing new technologies to digitize processes. The proposed reforms aim to restore faith in the judiciary by providing guidance to reduce injustice and settle cases in a timely, efficient manner.
Good practice in witness protection legislationEUROsociAL II
The document provides guidance on good practices for witness protection legislation based on international standards and country examples. It discusses that witness protection programs are an important tool for law enforcement and anti-corruption efforts by encouraging witnesses to testify without fear of intimidation. Key recommendations for legislation include specifying the authority responsible, admission criteria, protection measures, rights and obligations of parties, and penalties for disclosure of protected information. The scope of coverage should include witnesses, victims, experts and related persons for corruption and other serious crimes. Legislation should also consider including protections for whistleblowers and informants in some circumstances.
This document discusses RadioShack's social media presence and a case study of their Cyber Monday promotion in 2012. It provides statistics on RadioShack's growth on social platforms like Facebook and YouTube. The case study describes RadioShack's goal to drive traffic, engagement, and sales with a 24-hour promotion offering 24 deals. Through clues on deals each hour on Twitter and Facebook, engagement and traffic grew substantially, with the #24dealsin24 hashtag trending organically. The keys to success were planning ahead, listening and adapting the approach based on consumer responses, and making participation easy.
Seven Principles To Help You Reach Superhuman Performance on Social MediaMitch Jackson
Because of social media, the principles Dale Carnegie shared in his 1937 best-selling book, “How To Win Friends and Influence People” are more important today than ever. In my recent guest blog post at PureMatter.com, I shared these 7 principles that have worked very well for me. I think they'll work well for you too.
Here's the link to my guest blog post http://www.purematter.com/superhuman-social-media-performance/
This document discusses the concept of an independent nuclear regulatory body. It provides background on why such regulatory bodies are needed in the wake of nuclear accidents like Chernobyl. It describes the characteristics of an independent regulatory body, including that it should be clearly established in law and have sufficient technical expertise, funding, and freedom from undue political influence. The document also notes challenges such as developing expertise and assessing safety issues objectively. An independent nuclear regulatory body is crucial for ensuring proper oversight and public safety in nuclear energy operations.
The document discusses the Convention Against Torture (CAT) and efforts undertaken by Philippine government agencies to comply with its provisions. It provides details on accomplishments made towards implementing the Anti-Torture Law, enhancing preventive mechanisms, increasing awareness of human rights, and enacting supporting legislation. Key accomplishments include upgrading detention monitoring systems, training over 131 custodial officers, and establishing human rights desks in the Philippine National Police.
1) South Sudan thanked Kenya and other organizations for hosting the 2014 Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development.
2) The end of South Sudan's 21-year civil war left between 1.9-3.2 million small arms and light weapons in unauthorized hands, including 400,000-600,000 in civilian possession, threatening security.
3) To address conflicts and insecurity, South Sudan established the Bureau for Community Security and Small Arms Control to lead national policies on community security and proliferation of small arms.
The Counter-Terrorism and Border Security Act 2019 aims to update terrorism offences to reflect the evolving threat and nature of radicalization, disrupt terrorism by enabling earlier police intervention, and ensure sentences properly reflect the seriousness of offences. Key measures include expanding terrorism offences to include online activity, increasing maximum penalties for preparatory offences, strengthening management of terrorist offenders after release, and conferring new stop and search powers at borders to counter hostile state activity. The Act is intended to ensure police and security services have the necessary powers to tackle terrorism and threats to national security.
Citizens appeal for more expeditious and timely justice in the Indian legal system. The current system faces many problems that cause delays, including a lack of judges and infrastructure, political influence, corruption, and inefficient investigation practices. Several solutions are proposed, including alternative dispute resolution, prioritizing urgent cases, increasing transparency, appointing specialized police and review bodies, and implementing new technologies to digitize processes. The proposed reforms aim to restore faith in the judiciary by providing guidance to reduce injustice and settle cases in a timely, efficient manner.
Good practice in witness protection legislationEUROsociAL II
The document provides guidance on good practices for witness protection legislation based on international standards and country examples. It discusses that witness protection programs are an important tool for law enforcement and anti-corruption efforts by encouraging witnesses to testify without fear of intimidation. Key recommendations for legislation include specifying the authority responsible, admission criteria, protection measures, rights and obligations of parties, and penalties for disclosure of protected information. The scope of coverage should include witnesses, victims, experts and related persons for corruption and other serious crimes. Legislation should also consider including protections for whistleblowers and informants in some circumstances.
This document discusses RadioShack's social media presence and a case study of their Cyber Monday promotion in 2012. It provides statistics on RadioShack's growth on social platforms like Facebook and YouTube. The case study describes RadioShack's goal to drive traffic, engagement, and sales with a 24-hour promotion offering 24 deals. Through clues on deals each hour on Twitter and Facebook, engagement and traffic grew substantially, with the #24dealsin24 hashtag trending organically. The keys to success were planning ahead, listening and adapting the approach based on consumer responses, and making participation easy.
Seven Principles To Help You Reach Superhuman Performance on Social MediaMitch Jackson
Because of social media, the principles Dale Carnegie shared in his 1937 best-selling book, “How To Win Friends and Influence People” are more important today than ever. In my recent guest blog post at PureMatter.com, I shared these 7 principles that have worked very well for me. I think they'll work well for you too.
Here's the link to my guest blog post http://www.purematter.com/superhuman-social-media-performance/
This document discusses the concept of an independent nuclear regulatory body. It provides background on why such regulatory bodies are needed in the wake of nuclear accidents like Chernobyl. It describes the characteristics of an independent regulatory body, including that it should be clearly established in law and have sufficient technical expertise, funding, and freedom from undue political influence. The document also notes challenges such as developing expertise and assessing safety issues objectively. An independent nuclear regulatory body is crucial for ensuring proper oversight and public safety in nuclear energy operations.
The analysis of the required independence of a regulatory body from interference and/or influence of organs charged with the promotion or utilisation of nuclear energy
Regulatory bodies that oversee radiation safety include the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) in the US, and the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) in India. These bodies establish standards and guidelines for safe use of radiation, authorize practices involving radiation sources, inspect facilities, and provide recommendations to ensure radiation protection and safety.
The document discusses environmental laws and regulations in Kenya. It covers topics such as the Kenya Environmental Law, key environmental institutions like NEMA, sources of environmental law, and types of environmental laws including compliance, conservation, cleanup, and administrative laws. The aims of environmental law are to facilitate environmental management and sustainable development. Regulations require environmental impact assessments for projects and strategic environmental plans for activities with cumulative impacts. Waste management laws also require proper handling, storage, transportation and disposal of wastes.
This document provides guidance on fire safety best practices for non-domestic premises in the UK. It outlines the responsibilities of the "Responsible Person" who has control over premises to conduct a fire risk assessment and implement protective measures. The fire risk assessment involves 5 steps - identifying fire hazards and people at risk, evaluating and reducing risk, recording the assessment, developing emergency plans, and regularly reviewing the assessment. The document also describes various protective measures that should be considered such as means of escape, fire detection/alarm systems, firefighting equipment, maintenance, training and more. It aims to help those responsible for premises comply with UK fire safety legislation.
6th Training Course on Radiation Protection for Radiation Workers and RCOs of BAEC, Medical Facilities & Industries
Training Institute, AERE, Savar, BAEC
24 - 29 October 2021
Development of Model of Integrated Management System (Group 2)Haendra Subekti
The document outlines the key areas and activities needed to establish a regulatory framework for nuclear safety in a country pursuing a nuclear power program. It discusses developing leadership and management for safety, human resource development, establishing a legal and regulatory structure, ensuring radiation protection, safety assessment, emergency preparedness, and engaging stakeholders. It emphasizes establishing an independent regulatory body, developing national safety policies and strategies, and building technical competencies through training and collaboration.
Whistleblower protection legislation and mechanismsEUROsociAL II
This document discusses whistleblower protection legislation and mechanisms. It defines whistleblower protection as protecting public and private sector employees who report suspicions of corruption in good faith from retaliation. Whistleblower protections encourage reporting of misconduct and help authorities monitor anti-corruption compliance. Legal sources of protections include sectoral laws as well as international conventions. Key features of protection mechanisms include prohibiting retaliation, establishing reporting procedures, and providing oversight authorities and remedies for retaliation. Challenges to protections include lack of knowledge, fear of reprisals, and cultural barriers, which can be addressed through education and culture change.
A computer forensics specialist was able to disprove a claim involving improper data use through a detailed investigation and report of the computer's internal activities. The specialist examined the computer over a period of time and prepared a step-by-step report that showed what had occurred inside the computer with a particular data set. This helped the attorney address the claim and demonstrated how computer forensics can not only help prove but also disprove allegations of improper data use.
Presented by Dr Sam De Silva, partner at Nabarro to over 100 CEOs and Executives in London.
Explains what leaders should do immediately after becoming aware of a cyber attack, from a legal perspective.
Regulatory functions involve implementing and enforcing laws and regulations through administrative actions like rule-making, inspections, licensing, and orders. Regulatory agencies regulate activities to achieve economic, social, health, safety, and general welfare goals. Corruption risks in regulatory functions include conflicts of interest, bribery to influence regulatory decisions, and presenting false information. Agencies should support regulators through guidance on handling corruption, community awareness of rights and responsibilities, and accountability measures.
Health, Safety & Security in EmploymentKaren Houston
The document discusses key health and safety, accident compensation, privacy, and equality laws in New Zealand. It outlines the Health and Safety at Employment Act 1992, which promotes preventing harm at work. It also discusses the Accident Compensation Act 2001, which provides compensation for injuries, and the Accident Compensation Corporation which administers the scheme. Regarding privacy, it summarizes the Privacy Act 1993 and its 12 privacy principles. Finally, it briefly outlines the Human Rights Act 1993 and New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 relating to equality.
BSBWHS412 - Assist with workplace compliance with WHS lawsTimeLMS7
Assist with determining the legal framework for WHS in the workplace
Assist with providing advice on WHS compliance
Assist with WHS legislation compliance measures
This document provides an introduction and synopsis of a research paper titled "AN ABSOLUTE LIABILITY IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDUSTRIAL DAMAGES." It discusses the rule of absolute liability established by the Supreme Court of India, compensation laws and statutes in India, issues related to industrial hazards and toxic waste, and aims to analyze the need for absolute liability in India with respect to industrial damages through comparative study and evaluation of judicial decisions and legal frameworks. The document outlines several hypotheses related to replacing the rule of strict liability with absolute liability, adequacy of compensation laws, need for consolidation of social security laws, and lack of implementation and monitoring of safety measures in industries.
This document outlines Northern Trust's policy on the use of restrictive physical interventions. It defines dangerous or potentially dangerous behavior that may require intervention and outlines principles for managing such behavior. The policy emphasizes non-physical strategies to de-escalate situations and only using restrictive interventions as a last resort to prevent harm. All uses of restrictive interventions must be formally documented, reviewed, and staff must receive training.
I am a petroleum and energy lawyer with a holistic understanding of oil & gas legal advisory, contract management and transactional practice, gained via intellectual, legal practice and in-house legal counsel experiences. My work experiences have endowed my broad spectrum appreciation of the upstream and downstream sectors, as well as diverse service level arrangements in the oil and gas industry from a global comparative analogy. These have enabled my delivery of diverse contracts and agreements covering various transactional phases from inception/discussion/negotiation, to drafting, vetting and closing with a mutually agreed document for proper administration/management. My experience has further developed my skills in legal research, risk management, due diligence, regulatory compliance, dispute resolution and document control/storage/management, as well as applicable ancillary services.
Week-1 Ethics class Assignment Due Friday July 10,2016As.docxphilipnelson29183
Week-1 Ethics class Assignment Due Friday July 10,2016
Assignment
This week, reflect upon your own personal ethical development and any professional application of ethics you may have made thus far in your career.
Prepare a discussion entry that addresses the following:
· How comfortable do you feel with your personal code of ethics? Would you describe your personal code of ethics as fixed, flexible, or still in the process of development? Why?
· What do you already know about the ethical code in psychology?
· How have you already faced ethical scenarios in your work? How comfortable were you in dealing with them?
· How will you ensure you adhere to the academic integrity policies throughout your coursework at NCU? Why is it important to do so?
Length: 300-500 words
Your discussion should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts presented in the course and by providing new thoughts and insights relating directly to the topic. Your response should reflect scholarly writing and current APA standards. Be careful to adhere to Northcentral’s Academic Integrity Policy.
Post your discussion in the discussion field below.
ENFORCEMENT POLICY
Office of Environmental Enforcement
(OEE)
Enforcement Policy
Introduction
This document sets out the policy framework that the Office of Environmental
Enforcement (OEE) will use when enforcing environmental legislation. This legislation
includes the Environmental Protection Agency Acts 1992 and 2003 (EPA Acts), the
Waste Management Acts 1996 to 2003 (WMA Acts), the Local Government (Water
Pollution) Acts 1977 and 1990 and the Air Pollution Act 1987. The purpose of this policy
is to inform stakeholders of the factors that will be taken into account in determining
appropriate enforcement responses to contraventions of environmental legislation
including whether prosecutions will be pursued.
The enforcement provisions which are specified in the legislation referred to above are
conferred on the Environmental Protection Agency. The OEE is one of the five offices in
the EPA. The other offices are the Office of Corporate Governance (OCG), the Office of
Licensing and Guidance (OLG), the Office of Environmental Assessment (OEA) and the
Office of Communications and Corporate Services (OCCS).
The OEE operates under the control and direction of the Board of the EPA. All powers
available to the OEE are those vested in the Board of the EPA.
The OEE Approach
The OEE will put the environment first and encourage individuals and businesses to
integrate good environmental practices into normal working methods. The OEE will
seek to prevent environmental pollution before it has a chance to occur. The OEE will
provide information and advice via published guidance to those it regulates to secure
environmental improvements while ensuring value for money.
The OEE’s functions within the Environmental Protection Agency include the regulation
of activities .
This document outlines the key responsibilities and concepts related to workplace health and safety (WHS) in Australia. It discusses locating relevant WHS legislation, identifying duty holders such as employers and employees, and defining their responsibilities. It also covers communicating WHS policies, conducting audits, establishing WHS committees, and ensuring the organization is committed to WHS compliance. The overall aim is to help participants understand how to establish and maintain an effective WHS management system.
The document summarizes a presentation given on data protection impact assessments (DPIAs) and the challenges of conducting them. It discusses the GDPR requirements for DPIAs, potential challenges like ensuring the right expertise, transparency of the process, and quality of the assessment. It also provides a case study of the iTRACK project, which developed an intelligent tracking platform for humanitarian aid workers, and describes their experience conducting an ethics and privacy impact assessment.
This course covers fundamental occupational health and safety knowledge required for work in the construction industry. It covers legislative requirements, hazard identification including asbestos, risk assessment, safe work practices, and emergency response. After completing the course, participants will have basic OHS knowledge, especially regarding construction roles and responsibilities. The document then provides details on various OHS topics like legislation, duty of care, hazardous materials, risk assessment and control, safe work practices, and more.
More Related Content
Similar to Role of a Lawyer in Nuclear Safety,SECURITY AND SAFEGUARDS
The analysis of the required independence of a regulatory body from interference and/or influence of organs charged with the promotion or utilisation of nuclear energy
Regulatory bodies that oversee radiation safety include the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) in the US, and the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) in India. These bodies establish standards and guidelines for safe use of radiation, authorize practices involving radiation sources, inspect facilities, and provide recommendations to ensure radiation protection and safety.
The document discusses environmental laws and regulations in Kenya. It covers topics such as the Kenya Environmental Law, key environmental institutions like NEMA, sources of environmental law, and types of environmental laws including compliance, conservation, cleanup, and administrative laws. The aims of environmental law are to facilitate environmental management and sustainable development. Regulations require environmental impact assessments for projects and strategic environmental plans for activities with cumulative impacts. Waste management laws also require proper handling, storage, transportation and disposal of wastes.
This document provides guidance on fire safety best practices for non-domestic premises in the UK. It outlines the responsibilities of the "Responsible Person" who has control over premises to conduct a fire risk assessment and implement protective measures. The fire risk assessment involves 5 steps - identifying fire hazards and people at risk, evaluating and reducing risk, recording the assessment, developing emergency plans, and regularly reviewing the assessment. The document also describes various protective measures that should be considered such as means of escape, fire detection/alarm systems, firefighting equipment, maintenance, training and more. It aims to help those responsible for premises comply with UK fire safety legislation.
6th Training Course on Radiation Protection for Radiation Workers and RCOs of BAEC, Medical Facilities & Industries
Training Institute, AERE, Savar, BAEC
24 - 29 October 2021
Development of Model of Integrated Management System (Group 2)Haendra Subekti
The document outlines the key areas and activities needed to establish a regulatory framework for nuclear safety in a country pursuing a nuclear power program. It discusses developing leadership and management for safety, human resource development, establishing a legal and regulatory structure, ensuring radiation protection, safety assessment, emergency preparedness, and engaging stakeholders. It emphasizes establishing an independent regulatory body, developing national safety policies and strategies, and building technical competencies through training and collaboration.
Whistleblower protection legislation and mechanismsEUROsociAL II
This document discusses whistleblower protection legislation and mechanisms. It defines whistleblower protection as protecting public and private sector employees who report suspicions of corruption in good faith from retaliation. Whistleblower protections encourage reporting of misconduct and help authorities monitor anti-corruption compliance. Legal sources of protections include sectoral laws as well as international conventions. Key features of protection mechanisms include prohibiting retaliation, establishing reporting procedures, and providing oversight authorities and remedies for retaliation. Challenges to protections include lack of knowledge, fear of reprisals, and cultural barriers, which can be addressed through education and culture change.
A computer forensics specialist was able to disprove a claim involving improper data use through a detailed investigation and report of the computer's internal activities. The specialist examined the computer over a period of time and prepared a step-by-step report that showed what had occurred inside the computer with a particular data set. This helped the attorney address the claim and demonstrated how computer forensics can not only help prove but also disprove allegations of improper data use.
Presented by Dr Sam De Silva, partner at Nabarro to over 100 CEOs and Executives in London.
Explains what leaders should do immediately after becoming aware of a cyber attack, from a legal perspective.
Regulatory functions involve implementing and enforcing laws and regulations through administrative actions like rule-making, inspections, licensing, and orders. Regulatory agencies regulate activities to achieve economic, social, health, safety, and general welfare goals. Corruption risks in regulatory functions include conflicts of interest, bribery to influence regulatory decisions, and presenting false information. Agencies should support regulators through guidance on handling corruption, community awareness of rights and responsibilities, and accountability measures.
Health, Safety & Security in EmploymentKaren Houston
The document discusses key health and safety, accident compensation, privacy, and equality laws in New Zealand. It outlines the Health and Safety at Employment Act 1992, which promotes preventing harm at work. It also discusses the Accident Compensation Act 2001, which provides compensation for injuries, and the Accident Compensation Corporation which administers the scheme. Regarding privacy, it summarizes the Privacy Act 1993 and its 12 privacy principles. Finally, it briefly outlines the Human Rights Act 1993 and New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 relating to equality.
BSBWHS412 - Assist with workplace compliance with WHS lawsTimeLMS7
Assist with determining the legal framework for WHS in the workplace
Assist with providing advice on WHS compliance
Assist with WHS legislation compliance measures
This document provides an introduction and synopsis of a research paper titled "AN ABSOLUTE LIABILITY IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDUSTRIAL DAMAGES." It discusses the rule of absolute liability established by the Supreme Court of India, compensation laws and statutes in India, issues related to industrial hazards and toxic waste, and aims to analyze the need for absolute liability in India with respect to industrial damages through comparative study and evaluation of judicial decisions and legal frameworks. The document outlines several hypotheses related to replacing the rule of strict liability with absolute liability, adequacy of compensation laws, need for consolidation of social security laws, and lack of implementation and monitoring of safety measures in industries.
This document outlines Northern Trust's policy on the use of restrictive physical interventions. It defines dangerous or potentially dangerous behavior that may require intervention and outlines principles for managing such behavior. The policy emphasizes non-physical strategies to de-escalate situations and only using restrictive interventions as a last resort to prevent harm. All uses of restrictive interventions must be formally documented, reviewed, and staff must receive training.
I am a petroleum and energy lawyer with a holistic understanding of oil & gas legal advisory, contract management and transactional practice, gained via intellectual, legal practice and in-house legal counsel experiences. My work experiences have endowed my broad spectrum appreciation of the upstream and downstream sectors, as well as diverse service level arrangements in the oil and gas industry from a global comparative analogy. These have enabled my delivery of diverse contracts and agreements covering various transactional phases from inception/discussion/negotiation, to drafting, vetting and closing with a mutually agreed document for proper administration/management. My experience has further developed my skills in legal research, risk management, due diligence, regulatory compliance, dispute resolution and document control/storage/management, as well as applicable ancillary services.
Week-1 Ethics class Assignment Due Friday July 10,2016As.docxphilipnelson29183
Week-1 Ethics class Assignment Due Friday July 10,2016
Assignment
This week, reflect upon your own personal ethical development and any professional application of ethics you may have made thus far in your career.
Prepare a discussion entry that addresses the following:
· How comfortable do you feel with your personal code of ethics? Would you describe your personal code of ethics as fixed, flexible, or still in the process of development? Why?
· What do you already know about the ethical code in psychology?
· How have you already faced ethical scenarios in your work? How comfortable were you in dealing with them?
· How will you ensure you adhere to the academic integrity policies throughout your coursework at NCU? Why is it important to do so?
Length: 300-500 words
Your discussion should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts presented in the course and by providing new thoughts and insights relating directly to the topic. Your response should reflect scholarly writing and current APA standards. Be careful to adhere to Northcentral’s Academic Integrity Policy.
Post your discussion in the discussion field below.
ENFORCEMENT POLICY
Office of Environmental Enforcement
(OEE)
Enforcement Policy
Introduction
This document sets out the policy framework that the Office of Environmental
Enforcement (OEE) will use when enforcing environmental legislation. This legislation
includes the Environmental Protection Agency Acts 1992 and 2003 (EPA Acts), the
Waste Management Acts 1996 to 2003 (WMA Acts), the Local Government (Water
Pollution) Acts 1977 and 1990 and the Air Pollution Act 1987. The purpose of this policy
is to inform stakeholders of the factors that will be taken into account in determining
appropriate enforcement responses to contraventions of environmental legislation
including whether prosecutions will be pursued.
The enforcement provisions which are specified in the legislation referred to above are
conferred on the Environmental Protection Agency. The OEE is one of the five offices in
the EPA. The other offices are the Office of Corporate Governance (OCG), the Office of
Licensing and Guidance (OLG), the Office of Environmental Assessment (OEA) and the
Office of Communications and Corporate Services (OCCS).
The OEE operates under the control and direction of the Board of the EPA. All powers
available to the OEE are those vested in the Board of the EPA.
The OEE Approach
The OEE will put the environment first and encourage individuals and businesses to
integrate good environmental practices into normal working methods. The OEE will
seek to prevent environmental pollution before it has a chance to occur. The OEE will
provide information and advice via published guidance to those it regulates to secure
environmental improvements while ensuring value for money.
The OEE’s functions within the Environmental Protection Agency include the regulation
of activities .
This document outlines the key responsibilities and concepts related to workplace health and safety (WHS) in Australia. It discusses locating relevant WHS legislation, identifying duty holders such as employers and employees, and defining their responsibilities. It also covers communicating WHS policies, conducting audits, establishing WHS committees, and ensuring the organization is committed to WHS compliance. The overall aim is to help participants understand how to establish and maintain an effective WHS management system.
The document summarizes a presentation given on data protection impact assessments (DPIAs) and the challenges of conducting them. It discusses the GDPR requirements for DPIAs, potential challenges like ensuring the right expertise, transparency of the process, and quality of the assessment. It also provides a case study of the iTRACK project, which developed an intelligent tracking platform for humanitarian aid workers, and describes their experience conducting an ethics and privacy impact assessment.
This course covers fundamental occupational health and safety knowledge required for work in the construction industry. It covers legislative requirements, hazard identification including asbestos, risk assessment, safe work practices, and emergency response. After completing the course, participants will have basic OHS knowledge, especially regarding construction roles and responsibilities. The document then provides details on various OHS topics like legislation, duty of care, hazardous materials, risk assessment and control, safe work practices, and more.
Similar to Role of a Lawyer in Nuclear Safety,SECURITY AND SAFEGUARDS (20)
Role of a Lawyer in Nuclear Safety,SECURITY AND SAFEGUARDS
1. Role of a Lawyer in
Nuclear Safety,
Security and
Safequards
By
ABULHADI ABDULLAHI ESQ
National Training Course for Lawyers, Sheraton
Hotel & Towers, Ikeja. Lagos. 9-10 July 2012
2. 2. Objective
• To achieve and maintain high level safety,
security and Safeguards of radioactive sources,
nuclear materials by preventing unauthorized
access, damage, loss, theft and or unauthorized
transfer so as to reduce the likelihood of
accidental harmful exposure or the malicious
use or act to cause harm to individual, society or
the environment and to prevent intentional or
inadvertent recycling of radioactive metals for
other uses.
3. Definition of Safety
• Safety is an emplacement of strategies
including rapid response for gaining or
regaining control over orphan sources,
provide for measures to reduce likelihood
of malicious acts, mitigate or minimize the
radiological consequences of accidents or
malicious acts involving radioactive
sources and provide for continuous
improvement of the strategies
sh
4. What is Nuclear Security?
• Nuclear security is aimed at “the prevention and
detection of and response to, theft, sabotage,
unauthorized access, illegal transfer or other
malicious acts involving nuclear materials, other
radioactive substances or their associated
facilities.”.
• By this definition, nuclear security also covers
acts “with or without knowledge of the nature of
the material, sabotage and other malicious acts,
illicit trafficking and unauthorized transfer
5. What are IAEA Safeguards?
Key technical means for verifying
compliance by States with legally binding
undertaking not to use nuclear material or
facilities to develop nuclear weapons or
other nuclear explosive devices
6. The requirement for safeguards
• CSA: Basic Obligations of the State
• Provide information to the IAEA concerning
nuclear material, facilities and activities
• Provide access to the IAEA for purposes of
inspections and design information verification
• Cooperate with the IAEA in the implementation
of the safeguards agreement
• Establish a State system of accounting for and
control of nuclear material (SSAC)CSA:
Elements
7. Lawyers and the regulatory
infrastructure
• The role of lawyers in:
the legislative process;
the regulatory processes of notification,
authorization, inspection, enforcement;
emergency preparedness and response;
training and education;
communication to the public and other
authorities;
quality assurance and management.
8. Why are Lawyers required
• Lawyers have an important role in advising
the Regulatory Body and other decision
makers involved in the protection of persons,
society and the environment against ionizing
radiation hazards. In particular, lawyers are
required to provide legal assistance to:
• Regulatory Body personnel;
• Legislators;
• Judges, or other Justice Officers.
10. Role of the Lawyer
Lawyers should provide advice in relation to:
– the development and review of legislation;
– the development and review of regulations;
– authorization, notification, inspection, and
enforcement procedures;
– emergency preparedness and response.
11. Role of a Lawyer
Lawyers should provide advice in relation to:
– staff training and education;
– communication with the public and other
government agencies;
– international and national agreements and
Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs).
12. Legislative Process
• An effective legal infrastructure for regulating the
possession and use of radiation sources (both
radioactive substances and radiation
generators) is needed.
• Therefore, Lawyers should have an active
participation in drafting and guiding the
promulgation process of the radiation safety
legislation and regulations.
13. Legislative Process
• The lawyer is bound to take into consideration
other national legislation (existing or in draft) and
international instruments and recommendations
adopted by the State which may have a bearing
on radiation safety in order to:
– avoid gaps and overlaps in the radiation safety
infrastructure; and
14. Legislative Process
• ensure coordination and cooperation of
relevant government agencies;
• ensure the fulfillment of the obligations
assumed by the State in International
Conventions and Agreements;
15. Legislative Process
• ensure that legislation and regulations cover all
applicable aspects of radiation safety within the
State;
• clearly define and allocate responsibilities
between government agencies and users;
• provide advice during the regulation drafting
process to ensure that beneficial practices giving
rise to radiation exposures are not unduly limited;
• provide advice during the promulgation process
of the legislation and regulations in order to
ensure that they are effective and legally valid.
16. Regulatory Process
• In performing their duties, Regulatory Body
personnel will require legal assistance in the
different regulatory processes.
Notification
Inspection
Authorization
Enforcement
18. Authorization
• For authorization, the lawyer should provide advice:
• in drafting applications;
• during the assessment process on matters such as
the status of the legal person, etc;
• when the Regulatory Body decides to reject an
application for authorization (which possibly may lead
to an appeal by the applicant);
• to ensure the validity of conditions, restrictions or
limitations that might be imposed on authorizations.
19. Inspections
– For inspections, the lawyer should provide
advice:
• during the drafting of inspection procedures;
• when inspectors are unable to access
premises and coordinate external assistance
• when urgent measures are needed that fall
outside normal inspection procedures.
20. Enforcement
– For enforcement, the lawyer should:
• provide advice during drafting enforcement
procedures;
• assist in the establishment of appropriate
penalties;
• advise on the likely success of a planned
prosecution;
• assist staff members when additional legal
powers may be required for enforcement (e.g.
seizure of a radiation source);
• communicate to relevant government agencies
any alleged offences that are not within the
scope of the radiation safety legislation (e.g.
criminal law matters).
21. Emergency Preparedness
• For emergency preparedness, the lawyer should
examine existing related national legislation and
international conventions which the State has accepted
in order to:
• avoid gaps and overlaps in planning for radiological
emergencies;
• ensure the cooperation of relevant government
agencies;
• ensure that legislation exists to deal with all aspects
of radiological emergencies, clearly defining and
allocating responsibilities between government
agencies and users
22. Emergency Response
• For the response to an emergency, the lawyer
might need to provide advice:
• when urgent measures are required or when
additional legal powers are necessary to
ensure radiation safety and source security;
and
• during the drafting of emergency procedures
23. Training and Education
• For training and education, the lawyer should give formal
instructions to Regulatory Body personnel on the legal
concepts and rules necessary to fulfill their daily duties
as regulators, in particular,:
• the State’s legal system and court procedures;
• inspectors’ responsibilities and interview techniques
to ensure that evidence gathered is not rejected by
the courts;
• the rights of users and other persons during
inspections and interviews.
24. Communication
• The lawyer should provide assistance
to Regulatory Body personnel when it
is necessary to communicate to
government or the public during
emergencies or abnormal situations .
25. Quality Assurance and Management
• For quality assurance (and management), the
lawyer should;
• provide assistance during the drafting, review
and revision of the Regulatory Body’s internal
procedures;
• draft, review and revise corresponding
procedures for the Regulatory Body’s legal
section and follow those procedures in daily
practice.
26. International Conventions and
National Agreements
• For international and national agreements,
the lawyer should:
• advise during the negotiation, drafting,
revision and review of agreements and the
application of international conventions;
• assist during implementation of any
agreement to avoid any unnecessary legal
disputes.
27. In the areas of development and
legislation
• The NSRP Act is under review to meet the
requirement of International Conventions,
Treaties and current development in
nuclear and related matters
• The new bill entitled “Nuclear Safety,
Security and Safeguard Bill” is before
Senate awaiting its concurrence for
passage into law.
28. Achievement
• For example, adherence to relevant treaties,
domestication of the treaties, gazetting of
regulations, authorization of various
practices, the designation of entry and exit
ports for nuclear materials, the
establishment of the Inter-ministerial
Committee on Nuclear Security, the required
support of the Nigeria law enforcement
agencies attest to the Nigeria’s seriousness
as regards the country’s obligation and
commitments towards safety, security and
safeguards of nuclear materials and
29. Achievement
• In 2006 the NNRA inconjuction with Federal
Ministry of Justice gazette the 7nos regulations
in various practice specifics areas in
consonance with IAEA Safety Fundamentals
and other essential materials;
• All International Conventions and Instruments
signed and rectified by Nigeria have been
deposited with the Director-General of IAEA,
30. Authorizations
• The NNRA license attained the
international standard required in the
following areas:
• Legal status
• Terms and Conditions
• Security
31. Notification
• The NNRA Notification forms has also
been standardized and for all intent and
purposes it has served the NNRA’s
requirements for the processing and
assessment,
• There is however the need to review the
notification process to be an all embracing
document
32. Inspection
• Inspections is and still remains the
window, eyes, doors and the roof under
which the NNRA carries out one of her
important functions
• Authorization
• Enforcement
• Compliance
33. Enforcement
• The NNRA is a bulldog it can bark and bite
as can be seen from some of its
enforcement actions;
• The Halliburton incident
• The Funtola incident
34. Enforcement
• The SGS incident
• The Eko Hospital incident
• The Grace Hospital incident
• CERT Zaria
• Western Atlas/SPDC incident
• Recently the NBC PLC incident
• Trinity Hospital, Abuja.
• Greenwich Maritime Nigeria Limited.
35. Enforcement Action/Sanction
• The NNRA via its enforcement policy
document administered the required
imposition of administrative fine as
penalty/sanctions for lesser offences.
36. Emergency and Preparedness
• The NNRA is the 1st Respondent/Incident
Reporter internationally, it is responsible
for coordinating radiological emergencies
and preparedness programmes in Nigeria.
• The NNRA, NAEC, National Emergency
Management Agency (NEMA) and other
agencies are cooperating for the effective
participation in nuclear and radiological
emergency matters within Nigeria
37. Memorandum of Understanding
• The unique role of the NNRA requires it to
enter into MOUs with relevant
governmental agencies in carrying out its
functions.
• In this regard, it has signed, sealed and
delivered MOUs with the following
governmental agencies;
• University of Ibadan in-respect of the
establishment of Institute of Radiation
Protection and Research
38. Memorandum of Understanding
• Nigerian Customs Service
• Centre for Energy Research and Training,
Zaria
• Republic of South Korea
• Russian Federation.
• US DOE GTRI.
39. Draw Backs
• The NNRA is yet to initiate MOUs with the
following;
• The Nigeria Police Force
• The Department of State Services
• The Federal/States Ministry of Health
• The Nigeria Immigration Service
• The Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria
amongst others
40. Draw Backs
• Lack of approval from the Office of Mr.
President on 2 new regulations has stalled
the gazetting by the Federal Ministry of
Justice.
• Regulation on NPP
• Regulations on Sitting of NPP
41. Draw Backs
• Lack of approval from the Office of Mr.
President on the MoUs Between
• NNRA and South African Nuclear
Regulator
• NNRA and US Nuclear Regulatory
Commission
• This has delayed the signing of the
Agreement by both organizations
42. Draw Backs
• Nuclear Law Training Course for Lawyers
• The Case between Nisa Premier Hospital
vs NNRA
• The NSSS Bill
• The NNRA Maiduguri Zonal Office &
others
• The NNRA Headquarters.
• Lack of adequate resources
43. Finally
• The NNRA and NAEC are yet to agree on
some key national legislative requirements
necessary for safety legislation and those
for promotional legislations. A serious
draw back for the country’s nuclear power
programme.