This document defines several industry terms related to petroleum and petroleum products:
1) It explains terms like absolute viscosity, activity level of a catalyst, actual specifications of a fuel or feedstock, and AFRA (Average Freight Rate Assessments).
2) It also defines terms related to properties and measurements like air draft, aliphatic compounds, alkylate, aniline point, antiknock index, API degrees, and aromatics.
3) Additional terms defined include ash, asphalt, asphalt cement, asphaltenes, assay, ASTM, atmos, atmospheric distillation, atmospheric gasoil, and atmospheric residue.
Community Building in Libraries: Success for Every usersuttonls
This document discusses strategies for community building in academic libraries. It provides examples from Z Smith Reynolds Library at Wake Forest University, which transformed its mission from serving the university community to prioritizing the needs of students, faculty, and the surrounding community. Initiatives included redesigning library spaces to be more welcoming to students, providing research support and instruction, partnering with faculty, hosting community events, engaging alumni online, and offering a mini massive open online course that had unexpectedly high enrollment. The document emphasizes that successful community building focuses on serving others rather than the library itself and is built on shared values between library staff and the communities they serve.
The document discusses different types of fuels sold at petrol stations in Negara Brunei Darussalam. It explains that there are 39 filling stations in the country, selling unleaded petrol (ULP), premium unleaded petrol (PULP), diesel, and dual-purpose kerosene. ULP is the most common fuel type for passenger vehicles and has a research octane number between 91-93. PULP has a higher octane of 95 and is designed for vehicles requiring high engine power. Diesel is efficient but emits smoke, while kerosene is used for heating and lamps. The fuels must meet environmental regulations to reduce pollution.
This presentation is an brief insight into what ATF is, its important properties, few standards followed in world in ATF Quality and ATF contamination.
Aviation fuel is a specialized type of petroleum-based fuel used to power aircraft. It requires additives to be safer and more stable than other fuels. Jet fuel and avgas are the most common aviation fuels, with jet fuel being used in most commercial and military planes due to its efficiency. Aviation fuel consists of over 2000 chemicals, primarily hydrocarbons and additives, to be reliable and prevent issues like icing or explosions. It has advantages like high efficiency and reliability but is heavier than other fuels. Biofuels are being developed and tested as more sustainable aviation fuel alternatives.
This document provides information about Shell Corena compressor oils:
- The Shell Corena range includes oils for rotary and reciprocating air compressors to provide wear protection, long oil life, and high system efficiency.
- These oils are developed in close cooperation with equipment makers and their performance has been demonstrated to help reduce equipment issues.
- Users report benefits like increased oil drain intervals up to 100%, extended equipment service life up to 3 times longer between overhauls, and reduced operating temperatures.
This dossier contains technical data sheets (TDS) and material safety data sheets (MSDS) for various Petronas lubricants supplied to Gulf Energy International units in Oman. It fulfills ISO procurement requirements by providing product specifications and safety information for each lubricant delivery. The dossier was distributed to relevant purchase, storage, maintenance, and user departments to ensure all information requirements are fully met in advance. It can be updated if new lubricants are procured.
The document summarizes an experimental investigation of operating an IC engine with alkyl esters produced from Jatropha, Karanja, and Castor seed oils. Key findings from fuel property characterization of the straight vegetable oils and their derived alkyl esters are presented. The density, viscosity, oxidation stability, and other properties of the various alkyl ester-diesel blends are compared. Lower alkyl esters of Jatropha oil, specifically in lower blends, were found to have fuel properties most similar to diesel.
The document summarizes an experimental investigation of operating an IC engine with alkyl esters produced from Jatropha, Karanja, and Castor seed oils. Key findings from fuel property characterization of the straight vegetable oils and their derived alkyl esters are presented. The density, viscosity, oxidation stability, and other properties of the various alkyl ester-diesel blends are compared. Lower alkyl esters of Jatropha oil, specifically in lower blends, were found to have fuel properties most similar to diesel.
Community Building in Libraries: Success for Every usersuttonls
This document discusses strategies for community building in academic libraries. It provides examples from Z Smith Reynolds Library at Wake Forest University, which transformed its mission from serving the university community to prioritizing the needs of students, faculty, and the surrounding community. Initiatives included redesigning library spaces to be more welcoming to students, providing research support and instruction, partnering with faculty, hosting community events, engaging alumni online, and offering a mini massive open online course that had unexpectedly high enrollment. The document emphasizes that successful community building focuses on serving others rather than the library itself and is built on shared values between library staff and the communities they serve.
The document discusses different types of fuels sold at petrol stations in Negara Brunei Darussalam. It explains that there are 39 filling stations in the country, selling unleaded petrol (ULP), premium unleaded petrol (PULP), diesel, and dual-purpose kerosene. ULP is the most common fuel type for passenger vehicles and has a research octane number between 91-93. PULP has a higher octane of 95 and is designed for vehicles requiring high engine power. Diesel is efficient but emits smoke, while kerosene is used for heating and lamps. The fuels must meet environmental regulations to reduce pollution.
This presentation is an brief insight into what ATF is, its important properties, few standards followed in world in ATF Quality and ATF contamination.
Aviation fuel is a specialized type of petroleum-based fuel used to power aircraft. It requires additives to be safer and more stable than other fuels. Jet fuel and avgas are the most common aviation fuels, with jet fuel being used in most commercial and military planes due to its efficiency. Aviation fuel consists of over 2000 chemicals, primarily hydrocarbons and additives, to be reliable and prevent issues like icing or explosions. It has advantages like high efficiency and reliability but is heavier than other fuels. Biofuels are being developed and tested as more sustainable aviation fuel alternatives.
This document provides information about Shell Corena compressor oils:
- The Shell Corena range includes oils for rotary and reciprocating air compressors to provide wear protection, long oil life, and high system efficiency.
- These oils are developed in close cooperation with equipment makers and their performance has been demonstrated to help reduce equipment issues.
- Users report benefits like increased oil drain intervals up to 100%, extended equipment service life up to 3 times longer between overhauls, and reduced operating temperatures.
This dossier contains technical data sheets (TDS) and material safety data sheets (MSDS) for various Petronas lubricants supplied to Gulf Energy International units in Oman. It fulfills ISO procurement requirements by providing product specifications and safety information for each lubricant delivery. The dossier was distributed to relevant purchase, storage, maintenance, and user departments to ensure all information requirements are fully met in advance. It can be updated if new lubricants are procured.
The document summarizes an experimental investigation of operating an IC engine with alkyl esters produced from Jatropha, Karanja, and Castor seed oils. Key findings from fuel property characterization of the straight vegetable oils and their derived alkyl esters are presented. The density, viscosity, oxidation stability, and other properties of the various alkyl ester-diesel blends are compared. Lower alkyl esters of Jatropha oil, specifically in lower blends, were found to have fuel properties most similar to diesel.
The document summarizes an experimental investigation of operating an IC engine with alkyl esters produced from Jatropha, Karanja, and Castor seed oils. Key findings from fuel property characterization of the straight vegetable oils and their derived alkyl esters are presented. The density, viscosity, oxidation stability, and other properties of the various alkyl ester-diesel blends are compared. Lower alkyl esters of Jatropha oil, specifically in lower blends, were found to have fuel properties most similar to diesel.
The document discusses gasoline quality standards and specifications in the United States. It notes that 141 refineries in the US refine crude oil into petroleum products like gasoline. Gasoline standards are set by ASTM International and adopted by the EPA to ensure gasoline works well in vehicles and meets environmental regulations. Refineries produce gasoline to these standards, which is then transported via pipelines and other means to terminals near consumers. Additives are blended into gasoline at terminals before it reaches gas stations.
White Paper on Ethanol Blended Gasoline by Gold EagleGold-Eagle
Learn more about the white paper at http://www.cisionwire.com/gold-eagle-co-/r/gold-eagle-examines-the-growing-use-of-ethanol-blended-gasoline-and-its-impact-on-vehicle-performanc,c9160413
IMechE Sept 2007 compressor paper final 12 JulyPeter Smith
This document discusses lubricants for modern rotary air compressors. It describes how compressors now operate under more extreme conditions, placing greater demands on lubricants. The paper examines key lubricant performance requirements like oxidative stability, deposit resistance, and anti-wear properties. It also discusses how lubricant manufacturers test oils using lab tests and compressor rigs to develop lubricants that meet requirements, protect equipment, and extend oil life.
The document provides information on various engine oil brands, including specifications like viscosity and certifications. It discusses the differences between API and ACEA oil standards and classifications. The ACEA standards are designed with European car manufacturer requirements in mind and allow for positioning some oils as upgrades over others based on quantifiable performance improvements, unlike the API system. It also notes most new cars in Europe are diesel or turbocharged and require thick film oils for maximum engine protection, while most new North American cars have large naturally aspirated engines benefiting from thin film oils.
The document discusses the technical advantages of Lukoil Avantgarde motor oils for diesel engines. It provides details on various Lukoil Avantgarde oil products, including their approvals, specifications met, and applications. The oils are formulated to provide protection under severe operating conditions while allowing for extended drain intervals and lower maintenance costs. Performance test results show benefits like reduced wear and cleaner pistons compared to competitor products.
Refiners are increasingly processing opportunity crudes, which provide discounted prices but also new challenges. Automation technology is advancing to help refiners address issues from varying crude properties, such as inaccurate blending and accelerated fouling. Advanced process control and additional online monitoring of factors like corrosion and heater operations can help refineries optimize processing and mitigate disturbances from diverse crude feedstocks. Training operators to utilize new automation systems is important for successfully implementing opportunity crudes.
This document discusses motor oil selection and provides information about API and ILSAC certification marks that identify quality motor oils. It outlines the current and obsolete API service categories and ILSAC standards that oils may be rated for, noting the performance characteristics of each. The document advises following vehicle manufacturer recommendations for oil viscosity and certification standards.
This slide show explains the role of a fuel supplier in ever growing aviation field. It shows the types, transportation and challenges faced by a fuel supplier.
We take pleasure in Ensuring that our marine lubricants supplies is top notch, call us for all your marine needs, we will be good to create value for your operations
Gasoline is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons refined from crude oil and used as fuel in engines. It is produced through processes like distillation and cracking, which separate and break down larger hydrocarbon molecules. Gasoline formulation is adjusted based on factors like octane rating, volatility, and oxygen content to ensure optimal performance in engines and reduce emissions. Flex fuel vehicles can run on gasoline or high ethanol blends like E85 to increase fuel options and support domestic agriculture.
Lubrita produces various industrial oils including hydraulic oils, biodegradable hydraulic oils, industrial gear oils, compressor oils, refrigeration oils, turbine oils, slideway oils, vacuum pump oils, pneumatic tool oils, chainsaw oils, mould and form oils, spindle oils, white oils, industrial gas engine oils, metal working oils, heat transfer oils, and various special products. The document provides details on the formulations and specifications of each type of oil. Lubrita aims to meet customer requirements while maintaining quality, reliability, security, health, and environmental standards.
Aero Industrial Sales (AIS) is a pioneer and the leading supplier of aviation equipment to the Sub - Sahara African Aviation industry. This presenatation provides an overview of the services AIS is offering: #SPARE PARTS SALES, #OEM PARTS DISTRIBUTION, #REPAIR MANAGEMENT, & #GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT.
This document provides details on patent GB780046 (A) which relates to a process for preparing lubricating compounds of the formal type. Specifically, it involves first forming a mixture of Oxo alcohols via an Oxo synthesis reaction using a mixture of polymeric olefinic hydrocarbons containing mostly C12 to C18 olefins. This is then contacted with excess formaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a residue with lubricating oil characteristics after removing more volatile components.
This document provides details on patent GB780046 (A) which relates to a process for preparing lubricating compounds of the formal type. Specifically, it involves first forming a mixture of Oxo alcohols via an Oxo synthesis reaction using a mixture of polymeric olefinic hydrocarbons containing mostly C12 to C18 olefins. This is then contacted with excess formaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a residue with lubricating oil characteristics after removing more volatile components.
This document provides details on patent GB780046 (A) which relates to a process for preparing lubricating compounds of the formal type. Specifically, it involves first forming a mixture of Oxo alcohols via an Oxo synthesis reaction using a mixture of polymeric olefinic hydrocarbons containing mostly C12 to C18 olefins. This is then contacted with excess formaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a residue with lubricating oil characteristics after removing more volatile components.
This document provides details on patent GB780046 (A) which relates to a process for preparing lubricating compounds of the formal type. Specifically, it involves first forming a mixture of Oxo alcohols via an Oxo synthesis reaction using a mixture of polymeric olefinic hydrocarbons containing mostly C12 to C18 olefins. This is then contacted with excess formaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a residue with lubricating oil characteristics after removing more volatile components.
Catalytic fines are small particles of catalyst that escape from the fluid catalytic cracking process in oil refineries. They are 20-100 microns in size and can cause damage to ship engines if not removed from fuel oil. Fuel handling equipment like centrifuges must reduce catalytic fine levels from 80 ppm in received fuel to 15 ppm or less before fuel reaches the engine. Proper fuel storage, settling, and handling can help remove fines and prevent engine damage. Refineries are increasingly pushing limits of catalytic fines in fuel as they work to extract more distillates from crude oil.
This document provides information about lubrication and maintenance for vehicles. It includes sections about fluid types and specifications, fluid fill/check locations, and recommended maintenance schedules. The maintenance schedules list routine maintenance to be done either every 7,500 miles or 6,000 miles depending on vehicle use conditions. Emission control system maintenance must be done as specified to ensure proper functioning of the emissions system.
Fuel oil is obtained from petroleum distillation and is classified into different grades based on properties like boiling point, viscosity, and carbon chain length. Higher numbered fuels have higher boiling points, viscosities, and carbon chain lengths. Fuel oil is used for heating and power generation. It requires heating and treatment to remove contaminants before use in ship engines. Combustion in engines involves ignition delay, rapid uncontrolled combustion, and controlled combustion phases.
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Similar to RMG Industry Terms And Explanations Photos 2011
The document discusses gasoline quality standards and specifications in the United States. It notes that 141 refineries in the US refine crude oil into petroleum products like gasoline. Gasoline standards are set by ASTM International and adopted by the EPA to ensure gasoline works well in vehicles and meets environmental regulations. Refineries produce gasoline to these standards, which is then transported via pipelines and other means to terminals near consumers. Additives are blended into gasoline at terminals before it reaches gas stations.
White Paper on Ethanol Blended Gasoline by Gold EagleGold-Eagle
Learn more about the white paper at http://www.cisionwire.com/gold-eagle-co-/r/gold-eagle-examines-the-growing-use-of-ethanol-blended-gasoline-and-its-impact-on-vehicle-performanc,c9160413
IMechE Sept 2007 compressor paper final 12 JulyPeter Smith
This document discusses lubricants for modern rotary air compressors. It describes how compressors now operate under more extreme conditions, placing greater demands on lubricants. The paper examines key lubricant performance requirements like oxidative stability, deposit resistance, and anti-wear properties. It also discusses how lubricant manufacturers test oils using lab tests and compressor rigs to develop lubricants that meet requirements, protect equipment, and extend oil life.
The document provides information on various engine oil brands, including specifications like viscosity and certifications. It discusses the differences between API and ACEA oil standards and classifications. The ACEA standards are designed with European car manufacturer requirements in mind and allow for positioning some oils as upgrades over others based on quantifiable performance improvements, unlike the API system. It also notes most new cars in Europe are diesel or turbocharged and require thick film oils for maximum engine protection, while most new North American cars have large naturally aspirated engines benefiting from thin film oils.
The document discusses the technical advantages of Lukoil Avantgarde motor oils for diesel engines. It provides details on various Lukoil Avantgarde oil products, including their approvals, specifications met, and applications. The oils are formulated to provide protection under severe operating conditions while allowing for extended drain intervals and lower maintenance costs. Performance test results show benefits like reduced wear and cleaner pistons compared to competitor products.
Refiners are increasingly processing opportunity crudes, which provide discounted prices but also new challenges. Automation technology is advancing to help refiners address issues from varying crude properties, such as inaccurate blending and accelerated fouling. Advanced process control and additional online monitoring of factors like corrosion and heater operations can help refineries optimize processing and mitigate disturbances from diverse crude feedstocks. Training operators to utilize new automation systems is important for successfully implementing opportunity crudes.
This document discusses motor oil selection and provides information about API and ILSAC certification marks that identify quality motor oils. It outlines the current and obsolete API service categories and ILSAC standards that oils may be rated for, noting the performance characteristics of each. The document advises following vehicle manufacturer recommendations for oil viscosity and certification standards.
This slide show explains the role of a fuel supplier in ever growing aviation field. It shows the types, transportation and challenges faced by a fuel supplier.
We take pleasure in Ensuring that our marine lubricants supplies is top notch, call us for all your marine needs, we will be good to create value for your operations
Gasoline is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons refined from crude oil and used as fuel in engines. It is produced through processes like distillation and cracking, which separate and break down larger hydrocarbon molecules. Gasoline formulation is adjusted based on factors like octane rating, volatility, and oxygen content to ensure optimal performance in engines and reduce emissions. Flex fuel vehicles can run on gasoline or high ethanol blends like E85 to increase fuel options and support domestic agriculture.
Lubrita produces various industrial oils including hydraulic oils, biodegradable hydraulic oils, industrial gear oils, compressor oils, refrigeration oils, turbine oils, slideway oils, vacuum pump oils, pneumatic tool oils, chainsaw oils, mould and form oils, spindle oils, white oils, industrial gas engine oils, metal working oils, heat transfer oils, and various special products. The document provides details on the formulations and specifications of each type of oil. Lubrita aims to meet customer requirements while maintaining quality, reliability, security, health, and environmental standards.
Aero Industrial Sales (AIS) is a pioneer and the leading supplier of aviation equipment to the Sub - Sahara African Aviation industry. This presenatation provides an overview of the services AIS is offering: #SPARE PARTS SALES, #OEM PARTS DISTRIBUTION, #REPAIR MANAGEMENT, & #GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT.
This document provides details on patent GB780046 (A) which relates to a process for preparing lubricating compounds of the formal type. Specifically, it involves first forming a mixture of Oxo alcohols via an Oxo synthesis reaction using a mixture of polymeric olefinic hydrocarbons containing mostly C12 to C18 olefins. This is then contacted with excess formaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a residue with lubricating oil characteristics after removing more volatile components.
This document provides details on patent GB780046 (A) which relates to a process for preparing lubricating compounds of the formal type. Specifically, it involves first forming a mixture of Oxo alcohols via an Oxo synthesis reaction using a mixture of polymeric olefinic hydrocarbons containing mostly C12 to C18 olefins. This is then contacted with excess formaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a residue with lubricating oil characteristics after removing more volatile components.
This document provides details on patent GB780046 (A) which relates to a process for preparing lubricating compounds of the formal type. Specifically, it involves first forming a mixture of Oxo alcohols via an Oxo synthesis reaction using a mixture of polymeric olefinic hydrocarbons containing mostly C12 to C18 olefins. This is then contacted with excess formaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a residue with lubricating oil characteristics after removing more volatile components.
This document provides details on patent GB780046 (A) which relates to a process for preparing lubricating compounds of the formal type. Specifically, it involves first forming a mixture of Oxo alcohols via an Oxo synthesis reaction using a mixture of polymeric olefinic hydrocarbons containing mostly C12 to C18 olefins. This is then contacted with excess formaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a residue with lubricating oil characteristics after removing more volatile components.
Catalytic fines are small particles of catalyst that escape from the fluid catalytic cracking process in oil refineries. They are 20-100 microns in size and can cause damage to ship engines if not removed from fuel oil. Fuel handling equipment like centrifuges must reduce catalytic fine levels from 80 ppm in received fuel to 15 ppm or less before fuel reaches the engine. Proper fuel storage, settling, and handling can help remove fines and prevent engine damage. Refineries are increasingly pushing limits of catalytic fines in fuel as they work to extract more distillates from crude oil.
This document provides information about lubrication and maintenance for vehicles. It includes sections about fluid types and specifications, fluid fill/check locations, and recommended maintenance schedules. The maintenance schedules list routine maintenance to be done either every 7,500 miles or 6,000 miles depending on vehicle use conditions. Emission control system maintenance must be done as specified to ensure proper functioning of the emissions system.
Fuel oil is obtained from petroleum distillation and is classified into different grades based on properties like boiling point, viscosity, and carbon chain length. Higher numbered fuels have higher boiling points, viscosities, and carbon chain lengths. Fuel oil is used for heating and power generation. It requires heating and treatment to remove contaminants before use in ship engines. Combustion in engines involves ignition delay, rapid uncontrolled combustion, and controlled combustion phases.
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12. FUEL BLENDING
Mingling two or more materials, refinery streams ordinarily, to make a mixture that meets a grade of fuel's legal and
commercial requirements. Refineries almost always sell finished products made from more than one component. Modern
motor gasoline, for all practical purposes, must comprise several blendstocks. No single material can meet all its various
specifications. Kerosene and gasoline do not require blending the way mogas does. But refinery economics and the number
of processes which yield middle distillate fractions make combinations quite probable. Heavy fuel oil usually includes
several streams in order to concoct a saleable material from the dregs of assorted units.
FULL-RANGE NAPHTHA
See WHOLE NAPHTHA.
FUNGIBLE
Marketable product. Typically refers to petroleum products moved by pipeline. As long as a particular grade of gasoline
meets Colonial pipeline specifications, for instance, it may travel and trade as fungible product. A fungible batch in the
Colonial system consists of 25,000 barrels or more of material from various suppliers, all of which meets the specifications
published by the Pipeline company.
FURNACE OIL
A term ordinarily reserved for the kind of gasoil used for household heating. The quality of this product can vary from place
to place. The USA, for instance, uses a lighter distillate for this purpose than do some European countries.
GAS PLANT
Facilities, which remove liquids from natural gas streams, bear this name. So do processing units in refineries which
fractionate the light ends distilled from crude or produced by cracking and other upgrading equipment. In both cases, the
plant separates C3 and heavier materials from fuel gas. Some of this hardware cuts as deep as C2. Complex refineries
usually have two gas plants. One, the saturates gas plant, handles paraffinic, straight run light ends. The other, the
unsaturated gases plant, takes care of olefinic gas streams which come from crackers.
GASOIL
A refined petroleum product denser than motor gasoline and kerosene but lighter than residual oil. This hydrocarbon
mixture has two common uses: fuel for furnaces and for small diesel engines. It gets several popular names from these
applications, including diesel and furnace oil. The phrase distillate fuel distinguishes gasoil from heavier mixtures used in
large burners and large, slow diesel engines. The trade frequently shortens this term to distillate. ASTM's designation, No.
2 oil, serves as the primary name for gasoil in some parts of the world, especially North America. The refining industry
employs "gasoil"
To name certain intermediates in addition to familiar finished fuels. These special usages generally attach, or assume and
adjective which indicates the source of the intermediate, such as atmospheric gasoil, vacuum gasoil, coker gasoil, pyrolysis
gasoil, and so forth.
GASOLINE EXTENDER
A component in motor gasoline blend
added exclusively for volume. Ethanol,
for example, often has this limited
function in the USA.
GRADE TRADE
A swap of one kind of oil for another.
Such business involves exchanges like
sour crude for sweet and gasoil for
gasoline.
GRAVITY
The density or weight to volume ratio of
materials. The oil business usually
expresses this quality in API degrees or
specific gravity.
THE ROBERT MCANGUS GROUP – MARBELLA SPAIN Page 12