Production technology of rapeseed and mustard on

1. RAPESEED AND MUSTARD
OILSEEDS DIVISION
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, COOPERATION & FARMERS’ WELFARE
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE & FARMERS’ WELFARE
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
KRISHI BHAWAN, NEW DELHI
www.nmoop.gov.in

2. BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
Family : Cruciferae
Common Name : Mohari,
Tikkya, Serson
Scientific Name : Brassica juncea
Origin : Europe
 India occupies the first position both in
area and production of rape seed and
mustard

3. SEASON AND CLIMATE
 The crops are of the tropical as well as temperate zones and
require relatively cool temperature. Mustard could be successfully
grown under wide range of soils including saline/alkaline, low
irrigated and paddy fallows in Eastern India.
 An average day and night temperature of 250 C is considered
optimum. From August end to first half of September is best for
sowing of toria, 25th September to 15th October for sarson, 30th
September to 15th October for mustard.
 Soil and climate The rapeseed and mustard thrive well on light to
heavy loam soils.
 Sarson grows well in light loam while raya can be grown in drier
regions too. Raya, however, does well in medium and high rainfall
areas.
 Time of sowing Sarson & Raya is Last week of September to end of
October. 3

4. CROP DESCRIPTION
 Rapeseed comprising toria, brown sarson and yellow
sarson are largely cross pollinated where as Indian
mustard is largely self pollinated.
 Out of these cultivars Indian mustard fits well in
rainfed areas and accounts for >75% of the total area
under R&M
 Toria, a short duration crop is grown as a catch crop in
tarai part of UP, Haryana, Assam and Odisha.
 Other cultivars like brown sarson and yellow sarson
are under cultivation over a limited area in the
Eastern part of the country.
 Gobhi sarson is under cultivation over a limited areas
in HP, J&K and Punjab under Irrigated ecologies.
 Oil contents varies from 31 to 46 % in seeds of R&M.

5. GLOBAL SCENARIO -2013-15
Country Avg. Area (lakh
ha)
Avg. Production
(lakh tonnes)
Avg. Yield
(Kg/ha)
Canada 80.42 167.55 2083
China 70.36 130.29 1852
France 14.71 49.47 3363
Germany 14.31 60.16 4205
Poland 9.37 29.77 3179
UK 6.96 22.94 3296
India 62.20 70.95 1141
Australia 29.97 39.87 1330
Russia 10.86 14.29 1316
Ukraine 9.32 22.75 2442
WORLD 367.73 725.09 1972

6. NATIONAL SCENARIO - 2013-16
State Avg. Area (lakh
ha)
Avg. Production
(lakh tonnes)
Avg. Yield
(Kg/ha)
Rajasthan 27.01 33.20 1229
Haryana 5.13 7.95 1551
MP 6.97 7.54 1081
UP 6.27 6.40 1021
WB 4.53 4.89 1079
Gujarat 2.19 3.64 1665
Assam 2.76 1.69 610
Others 5.81 4.72 812
All India 60.67 70.03 1154

7. AREA, PRODUCTION AND YIELD TRENDS
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Area in million ha
Production in million tonnes
Yield in qtl/ha

8. POTENTIAL DISTRICTS
State Potential district (>50,000 ha area)
Rajasthan (21) Alwar, Ganganagar, Bharatpur, Tonk, S. Madhopur,
Hanumangadh, Jaipur, Baran, Kota, Karoli, Jhunjhunu,
Dausa, Dholpur, Jalore, Jodhapur, Sikar, Nagaur,
Chittore, Bundi, Jaisalmer, Bikaner
Haryana (05) Bhiwani, Mahender Garh, Rewari, Hisar, Sirsa
Madhya Pradesh
(05)
Bhind, Morena, Sheopur Kalan, Gwalior, Shivpuri
Uttar Pradesh (02) Mathura, Agra
Chhattisgarh (01) Sarguja
Gujarat (01) Banaskantha
West Bengal (04) Murshidabad, Nadia, 24 Parganas (N), Dinajpur (N)

9. SCOPE FOR YIELD IMPROVEMENT
State
SAY FLD Yield
Gap
(%)
Varieties used in FLD during
Rabi 2013-14
Gujarat 1723 2499 45 GM-1, GM-2, GM-3, GM-4
Haryana 1639 2264 38 RH-0749, R-8812
MP 1108 1472 33 RVM-2
Rajasthan 1233 1907 55
NRCDR-2. NRCHB-101, RGN-73,
RGN-229, RGN-236
UP 1113 1943 75 NRCDR-2, NRCHB-101
West Bengal 1066 1261 18 Pitambari
All India
1314 1891 44

10. POPULAR VARIETIES
S.No. State Varieties
1 Rajasthan NRCDR-2. NRCHB-101, RGN-73, RGN-229,
RGN-236, Pusa Jai Kisan, Pusa Bold, Swarna
Jyoti
2 Haryana RH-0749, R-8812, RH-30, Laxmi, Jyoti
3 MP RVM-2, Pusa Bold, Swarn Jyoti, JM-2,
Vasundhra
4 UP NRCDR-2, NRCHB-101, Pitambari, Maya,
Urvashi, Ashirwad, Pusa Jai Kisan
5 Gujarat GM-1, GM-2, GM-3, GM-4
6 West Bengal Pitambari, Sarma, JD-6, B-9, Pusa Bold

11. PACKAGE AND PRACTICES
 An average temperature of 250 C is optimum for sowing of
Mustard (Mid of October) and toria (August to mid of
September)
 Basal application of 40 kg N per ha for rainfed and 40-80 kg
of N per ha under irrigated situations.
 Line sowing with P-P 10-15 cm and R-R distance of 30 cm.
 Seed treatment with Apron SD 35 @ 6 g/kg of seed for White
Rust and Downy Mildew endemic areas.
 For other diseases, seed treatment with Carbendazim,
Thiram or Captan @ 2 g/kg of seed.
 Use of ridge & furrow technique in saline areas.
 Thinning is necessary after three weeks of sowing
 Protective irrigation at flowering and pod formation.

12. PACKAGE AND PRACTICES(contd)
Insect Pest
Insect / Pest Period of Occurrence Crop stages
Mustard Aphid
(Lipaphis erysimi)
December-March Vegetative / flowering
and pod formation
Painted Bug (Bagrada
hilaris)
August – October Vegetative
Mustard Sawfly (Athalia
proxima)
October-December Vegetative
White rust (Albugo
candida)
November
February-March
Vegetative
Reproductive
Alternaria Leaf Spot
(Alternaria brassicae)
February-March Throughout crop
growth
Powdery Mildew
(Erysiphe cruciferarum)
February-March Reproductive

13. PACKAGE AND PRACTICES (contd)
Insects Pests
Deep ploughing during peak summer season.
Seeds treatment with Carbedazim 0.1%/Thiophanate
Methyl /Imidacloprid @ 5g/kg of seeds.
Clean cultivation with regular weeding till flowering.
Spray of systemic insecticides viz. Monocrotophos,
Oxydemeton Methyl etc., may be done as per
recommended doses for control of aphid.
Drainage of excess water from the field for control
of painted bug.
Application of ridomil MZ 72 WP @ 3g/l for control
of white rust.
Spray of Mancozeb 50 WP @ 2g/l after 50 and 70
days of sowing , if severity of Alternaria of >3%.
Dusting of Sulphur @ 1.5 kg/ha or spray of Sulfex 2
g/l for control of Powdery Mildew disease.

14. MSP/VS MARKETING PRICES
State/MSP Avg. Price of November and December
2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
MSP (Rs. / qtl.) 3050 3100 3350
Haryana 3090 2955 3375
MP 3050 3412 3154
Rajasthan 3038 2800 3600
UP 3100 3380 3550
West Bengal 3500 3363 3375
14

15. EXPORTS / DEMAND
(Quantity in tonnes and value Rs. in crores)
Products 2013-14 2014-15
Qty Value Qty Value
Mustard seeds 38524 143.53 31816 115.18
Mustard powder 2051 10.14 1988 9.26
Mustard oil* 2252 27.70 2378 28.27
Oil Cake 128296 219.70 85060 144.45
Total 171123 401.07 121242 297.16
Source: Oilseeds statistics – A compendium – 2015 from ICAR- IIOR
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16. NUTRITIVE VALUE
 Mustard oil contains 0.30-0.35% essential oil (Allyl-
Iso-Thiocynate) which acts as preservative.
 Mustard oil is a good source of Omega-3 (MUFA) and
other fatty acids like lenoleic and alpha lenoleic acid
respectively in good proportion close to 10:1, rarely
found any other oil.
 Indian Mustard oil has been under consumption
since ancient time both for edible and medicinal
purposes
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17. RESEARCHABLE ISSUES
• Development of short duration varieties of
mustard for Eastern Regions particularly for
rice fallow areas.
• Technology for control of broomrape
(Orobanche) emerging as a major parasitic
weed.
• Development of canola type of high yielding
varieties of Indian mustard.
17

18. ISSUES / ACTIONABLE POINTS
• Development of short duration varieties of mustard for
rice fallow areas.
• Development of canola type of high yielding varieties of
Indian mustard.
• Technology for control of broomrape (Orobanche).
• Impact of imported cheaper vegetable oil and its
blending with edible oils.
• Climate resilient bonus for protection of >4.0 million
farmers of Rajasthan, Haryana (SW), Gujarat & UP.
• Assured buy-back of mustard based on oil content.
• Involvement of oil mills on the line of sugar mills in
cultivation of R&M.