Share of Linkedin Corporation (NYSE:LNKD) fell on Monday as investors fretted about a possible battle between the online professional networking service and the far bigger Facebook Inc (NASDAQ:FB).
Multi channel smoke test in Staging http://awrn.us/aaabHpnikhilawareness
- The document provides tips for creating effective PowerPoint slides, including using outlines, proper slide structure, fonts, colors, backgrounds, graphs, and spelling and grammar.
- Key recommendations include using 18pt font or larger, point form with 4-5 points per slide, consistent backgrounds, clearly labeled graphs, and proofreading for errors.
- The document cautions against overly long text, small or decorative fonts, distracting colors or backgrounds, and improperly formatted or unlabeled graphs.
#MegaMillion ways to ensure you #Win! http://q.4rd.ca/aaacxfnikhilawareness
This document provides the Tamil text and English translation of the first chapter of the Thirukkural, a classic Tamil text of couplets on ethics and morality. It begins with an introduction noting the individuals who input the Tamil text and translated it into English. It thanks the copyright holders for permission and provides information on viewing the Tamil text properly. The chapter itself contains verses praising God and extolling the virtues of asceticism and the power of virtue.
Haven't done this in a long time! http://awaren.us/NMH0Cnnikhilawareness
The document provides information about the Special Immigrant Visa (SIV) program for Iraqi translators/interpreters. It outlines the eligibility criteria, application process, required forms, and resettlement assistance available. Key details include that applicants must have worked for/on behalf of the US government in Iraq for at least 1 year between 2003-2013; the I-360 petition is filed concurrently with the DS-157; and approved applicants receive resettlement support from voluntary agencies upon arrival in the US.
Virender Sehwag, India's vice-captain for the World Cup, has said that he is "fully fit" for the tournament that begins on February 19. Sehwag missed India's five-match one-day series following the Tests in South Africa to attend to a shoulder injury, but says his recovery is well on track.
"I was feeling some pain in my shoulder," Sehwag told Indian news channel CNN-IBN. "So [I thought it was] better to quit the South Africa one-dayers. I didn't want to get injured in South Africa tour and miss the World Cup. So I came back and went to Germany to see a couple of doctors. I got a couple of injections and now I'm fine.
"I am going to the National Cricket Academy [in Bangalore] and will spend a couple of days there, to check everything - if I can bowl and throw also but if I can't, then I'll let them know. But yes, at the moment I'm fully fit."
Sehwag is wary of the opening game against Bangladesh, who had derailed India's 2007 World Cup campaign with a shock win. "Because we're playing the opening game against them in Bangladesh, Bangladeshi people are expecting them to beat us again. But this time we have to prepare well … You can say it is a revenge game for us and we won't take the game lightly. We will give our best shot and we will come hard on Bangladesh."
Sehwag was confident of India's chances against the other major teams in Group B - South Africa, England and West Indies. "When we played against England last time, we won 5-0 and against South Africa we did well in South Africa and we have done well; when Sachin Tendulkar got the double hundred [in Gwalior], we won the series. West Indies have good players like Pollard and Gayle, if they click then maybe it's difficult for us but India also have very good players."
FB, SS (4 files), Twitter http://q.4rd.ca/aaacmD #Sorenikhilawareness
This document provides the Tamil text and English translation of the first chapter of the Thirukkural, a classic Tamil text of couplets on ethics and morality. It begins with an introduction noting the individuals who input the Tamil text and translated it into English. It thanks the copyright holders for permission and provides information on viewing the Tamil text properly. The chapter itself contains verses praising God and extolling the virtues of asceticism and the power of virtue.
(CNN) -- The National September 11 Memorial opens to the public Monday -- a decade and a day after terror attacks brought down the twin towers of the World Trade Center in lower Manhattan.
The memorial opened a day early on Sunday only to victims' family members and those attending the commemoration service at ground zero.
"We're so proud of this memorial," said Monica Iken, who lost her husband Michael in the attacks. "I can go see Michael. He's home."
Iken founded the group September's Mission and has played an instrumental role in the construction of the site.
Iken said she comes to the site to connect with her husband. "Every time I come here, I feel the energy. It's powerful," she said.
Coping with loss after 9/11
America remembers 9/11 a decade later
RELATED TOPICS
September 11 Attacks
National September 11 Memorial & Museum
World Trade Center
The finished plaza is a calm spot in the midst of a busy construction zone for 1 World Trade Center -- the new skyscraper rising above the site.
The focal points of the memorial are a pair of granite reflecting pools -- "voids," as designer Michael Arad calls them -- that plunge into the earth.
Located on the footprints of the old twin towers, they are open-topped cubes, nearly an acre in size. Their walls are clad in dark granite, surrounded by brass parapets engraved with nearly 3,000 names: those killed on September 11, 2001, in New York, Washington and Shanksville, Pennsylvania, as well as in a 1993 attack on the World Trade Center.
The largest man-made waterfalls in North America wash over the dark granite, flowing from beneath the etched names into the pools below.
"I had chills for the first time when the water was turned on," said Paula Grant Berry, who lost her husband on 9/11. Berry was the only victims' family member to serve on the jury that selected Arad's design.
"Looking down on those two fountains, it gives you the chills," said Adam Romano, a concrete worker at the site. "You look at those footprints ... you see those buildings as if they are still there."
Softening the stark lines of the pools are more than 400 trees that line the walkways and plaza leading to the voids. All but one are new to the site. A lone "Survivor Tree," a Callery pear, was found in the ruins and nursed back to health.
The National September 11 Museum is nearing completion at the site and will open next year. Three more office towers are in various states of development.
In the coming years, a transportation hub and shopping arcade will connect the complex underground. The entire project is expected to be completed around 2015.
Este documento presenta una serie de preguntas y respuestas posibles para elegir. El jugador debe seleccionar una categoría y luego hacer la pregunta correcta para obtener la respuesta. El documento contiene varias opciones de preguntas sobre temas como saludos, actividades, tiempo libre, clima y familia.
The document discusses leadership lessons from Mahendra Singh Dhoni's captaincy of the Indian cricket team. It describes how Dhoni insisted on having the team he wanted, optimally utilized available resources despite injuries, and backed players who were low on confidence by giving them challenges to boost their confidence in him and the team. It highlights how Dhoni remained calm under pressure and gave credit to his team after winning.
Multi channel smoke test in Staging http://awrn.us/aaabHpnikhilawareness
- The document provides tips for creating effective PowerPoint slides, including using outlines, proper slide structure, fonts, colors, backgrounds, graphs, and spelling and grammar.
- Key recommendations include using 18pt font or larger, point form with 4-5 points per slide, consistent backgrounds, clearly labeled graphs, and proofreading for errors.
- The document cautions against overly long text, small or decorative fonts, distracting colors or backgrounds, and improperly formatted or unlabeled graphs.
#MegaMillion ways to ensure you #Win! http://q.4rd.ca/aaacxfnikhilawareness
This document provides the Tamil text and English translation of the first chapter of the Thirukkural, a classic Tamil text of couplets on ethics and morality. It begins with an introduction noting the individuals who input the Tamil text and translated it into English. It thanks the copyright holders for permission and provides information on viewing the Tamil text properly. The chapter itself contains verses praising God and extolling the virtues of asceticism and the power of virtue.
Haven't done this in a long time! http://awaren.us/NMH0Cnnikhilawareness
The document provides information about the Special Immigrant Visa (SIV) program for Iraqi translators/interpreters. It outlines the eligibility criteria, application process, required forms, and resettlement assistance available. Key details include that applicants must have worked for/on behalf of the US government in Iraq for at least 1 year between 2003-2013; the I-360 petition is filed concurrently with the DS-157; and approved applicants receive resettlement support from voluntary agencies upon arrival in the US.
Virender Sehwag, India's vice-captain for the World Cup, has said that he is "fully fit" for the tournament that begins on February 19. Sehwag missed India's five-match one-day series following the Tests in South Africa to attend to a shoulder injury, but says his recovery is well on track.
"I was feeling some pain in my shoulder," Sehwag told Indian news channel CNN-IBN. "So [I thought it was] better to quit the South Africa one-dayers. I didn't want to get injured in South Africa tour and miss the World Cup. So I came back and went to Germany to see a couple of doctors. I got a couple of injections and now I'm fine.
"I am going to the National Cricket Academy [in Bangalore] and will spend a couple of days there, to check everything - if I can bowl and throw also but if I can't, then I'll let them know. But yes, at the moment I'm fully fit."
Sehwag is wary of the opening game against Bangladesh, who had derailed India's 2007 World Cup campaign with a shock win. "Because we're playing the opening game against them in Bangladesh, Bangladeshi people are expecting them to beat us again. But this time we have to prepare well … You can say it is a revenge game for us and we won't take the game lightly. We will give our best shot and we will come hard on Bangladesh."
Sehwag was confident of India's chances against the other major teams in Group B - South Africa, England and West Indies. "When we played against England last time, we won 5-0 and against South Africa we did well in South Africa and we have done well; when Sachin Tendulkar got the double hundred [in Gwalior], we won the series. West Indies have good players like Pollard and Gayle, if they click then maybe it's difficult for us but India also have very good players."
FB, SS (4 files), Twitter http://q.4rd.ca/aaacmD #Sorenikhilawareness
This document provides the Tamil text and English translation of the first chapter of the Thirukkural, a classic Tamil text of couplets on ethics and morality. It begins with an introduction noting the individuals who input the Tamil text and translated it into English. It thanks the copyright holders for permission and provides information on viewing the Tamil text properly. The chapter itself contains verses praising God and extolling the virtues of asceticism and the power of virtue.
(CNN) -- The National September 11 Memorial opens to the public Monday -- a decade and a day after terror attacks brought down the twin towers of the World Trade Center in lower Manhattan.
The memorial opened a day early on Sunday only to victims' family members and those attending the commemoration service at ground zero.
"We're so proud of this memorial," said Monica Iken, who lost her husband Michael in the attacks. "I can go see Michael. He's home."
Iken founded the group September's Mission and has played an instrumental role in the construction of the site.
Iken said she comes to the site to connect with her husband. "Every time I come here, I feel the energy. It's powerful," she said.
Coping with loss after 9/11
America remembers 9/11 a decade later
RELATED TOPICS
September 11 Attacks
National September 11 Memorial & Museum
World Trade Center
The finished plaza is a calm spot in the midst of a busy construction zone for 1 World Trade Center -- the new skyscraper rising above the site.
The focal points of the memorial are a pair of granite reflecting pools -- "voids," as designer Michael Arad calls them -- that plunge into the earth.
Located on the footprints of the old twin towers, they are open-topped cubes, nearly an acre in size. Their walls are clad in dark granite, surrounded by brass parapets engraved with nearly 3,000 names: those killed on September 11, 2001, in New York, Washington and Shanksville, Pennsylvania, as well as in a 1993 attack on the World Trade Center.
The largest man-made waterfalls in North America wash over the dark granite, flowing from beneath the etched names into the pools below.
"I had chills for the first time when the water was turned on," said Paula Grant Berry, who lost her husband on 9/11. Berry was the only victims' family member to serve on the jury that selected Arad's design.
"Looking down on those two fountains, it gives you the chills," said Adam Romano, a concrete worker at the site. "You look at those footprints ... you see those buildings as if they are still there."
Softening the stark lines of the pools are more than 400 trees that line the walkways and plaza leading to the voids. All but one are new to the site. A lone "Survivor Tree," a Callery pear, was found in the ruins and nursed back to health.
The National September 11 Museum is nearing completion at the site and will open next year. Three more office towers are in various states of development.
In the coming years, a transportation hub and shopping arcade will connect the complex underground. The entire project is expected to be completed around 2015.
Este documento presenta una serie de preguntas y respuestas posibles para elegir. El jugador debe seleccionar una categoría y luego hacer la pregunta correcta para obtener la respuesta. El documento contiene varias opciones de preguntas sobre temas como saludos, actividades, tiempo libre, clima y familia.
The document discusses leadership lessons from Mahendra Singh Dhoni's captaincy of the Indian cricket team. It describes how Dhoni insisted on having the team he wanted, optimally utilized available resources despite injuries, and backed players who were low on confidence by giving them challenges to boost their confidence in him and the team. It highlights how Dhoni remained calm under pressure and gave credit to his team after winning.
Nullam venenatis vehicula accumsan. Mauris sagittis turpis vitae felis ultricies nec euismod urna interdum. Pellentesque dapibus risus et ante tincidunt eu vehicula ligula feugiat. Maecenas est nunc, tristique sit amet ultricies vestibulum, feugiat at augue. In convallis ipsum id n
The document discusses leadership lessons from Mahendra Singh Dhoni's captaincy of the Indian cricket team. It describes how Dhoni insisted on having the team he wanted, optimally utilized available resources despite injuries, and backed players who were low on confidence by giving them challenges to boost their confidence in him and the team. It highlights how Dhoni remained calm under pressure and let his team take the credit for their successes.
http://on.wsj.com/VOaOwv More cars on the road! Yay!nikhilawareness
This summary provides an overview of two selections from the medieval French romance Tristan et Iseut by Thomas and Béroul:
1) Tristan and Iseut are forced to drink a love potion before Iseut's wedding to King Marc of Cornwall. The potion, which was intended for Iseut and the king, causes the pair to fall irrevocably in love despite their efforts to resist.
2) After years of trysts, Tristan flees to Brittany and marries another Iseut. However, his love for the first Iseut proves fatal. He dies of grief upon learning of her death, succumbing to the in
This is a content for FB, Twitter and SS http://q.4rd.ca/aaacoSnikhilawareness
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Pellentesque egestas commodo tellus, ac condimentum lectus rhoncus sed. Sed luctus placerat nulla tempus lobortis. In tempor placerat massa nec molestie. Fusce pulvinar, nibh quis tincidunt varius, enim est congue turpis, a faucibus elit est in est. Praesent et vehicula augue. Pellentesque gravida mi a nibh aliquam pretium. Nunc sit amet tempor nisi. In interdum neque ut quam semper eget vestibulum mi volutpat. Morbi condimentum nisi at tortor venenatis at cursus nunc sagittis. Vivamus tristique nibh quis turpis pellentesque pharetra. Sed condimentum, ipsum vitae aliquet consectetur, nisl tellus dapibus eros, eleifend vehicula est lectus placerat mauris. Nam id purus dui. Maecenas rutrum pulvinar felis, vel placerat risus viverra ut. Quisque lobortis consequat cursus. Mauris mattis odio nibh. Vestibulum euismod tincidunt quam, quis ultricies mauris tempus at.Cras faucibus purus id ante cursus at pulvinar nulla sodales. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Aenean porttitor mollis nisl, sit amet posuere lacus aliquet quis. Suspendisse ut lacus sed eros tincidunt vulputate. Vivamus laoreet dictum mauris, eget sodales nisi facilisis sed. Integer tristique aliquet tellus, quis iaculis felis ullamcorper eu. Suspendisse potenti. In egestas molestie ultrices. Fusce congue, est quis viverra hendrerit, mi nisl euismod tortor, vitae tempus ipsum tortor at libero.Duis id enim non magna cursus vulputate. Suspendisse feugiat, risus id fermentum faucibus, velit metus egestas massa, sit amet volutpat leo erat ac ante. Aenean ultrices scelerisque justo. Praesent ornare lacinia sapien quis ultricies. Praesent faucibus, enim eu dictum tempus, dui velit hendrerit nibh, sed blandit lorem sem sodales sapien. Etiam dolor diam, euismod ac tincidunt ut, ultricies sit amet tortor. Curabitur volutpat, mauris vel fermentum accumsan, mauris mi rhoncus lectus, cursus auctor sapien est luctus quam. Fusce sed odio id dolor porttitor varius. Aliquam pellentesque sodales lorem, quis pulvinar risus porttitor sit amet. Curabitur cursus, enim eu molestie egestas, enim lacus mollis mauris, ac luctus massa leo non felis. Aliquam volutpat pulvinar turpis eget iaculis. Duis feugiat velit id nibh ullamcorper volutpat. Duis sapien erat, eleifend eu eleifend eget, dictum eget mauris. Proin ipsum massa, tincidunt sit amet venenatis et, fermentum id lectus.
Reg: Content with 8 channel types! http://awaren.us/xY1iFPnikhilawareness
Etiam eu lacus ligula, sit amet porta lacus. Aenean dolor nibh, condimentum non consectetur quis, dignissim ac dui. In non lorem risus, at tristique est. Pellentesque nulla lorem, pretium eu blandit eget, imperdiet ut ante. Integer posuere, purus at ultricies porta, libero nunc interdum sapien, eu bibendum lectus mauris ac nunc. Morbi orci urna, tempus eu rutrum dignissim, malesuada in libero. Suspendisse vitae nunc libero, sed vulputate urna. Nullam interdum suscipit sodales. Suspendisse sed dui vitae lacus dictum feugiat. Vivamus ut neque odio, quis ultrices lectus. Cras tortor metus, aliquam quis commodo quis, condimentum non urna. Duis tempor velit a arcu auctor laoreet. Cras eleifend, lorem vitae tempus consequat, turpis dolor feugiat odio, et lacinia purus libero non dui. Maecenas ac scelerisque ipsum. Fusce vulputate tincidunt leo, et eleifend ipsum luctus in. Nam varius dignissim mi vel mollis.
Nulla felis enim, viverra eu hendrerit id, suscipit sit amet metus. Ut eros risus, aliquet ac tempus eu, fringilla non urna. Suspendisse non leo sed velit pellentesque aliquam. Cras feugiat, diam ut mattis pulvinar, tellus libero rhoncus lectus, id rhoncus quam purus et lacus. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Pellentesque fringilla felis sed mi interdum sit amet faucibus enim ullamcorper. Suspendisse potenti.
Morbi rutrum gravida massa, ut suscipit mi faucibus id. Mauris dignissim euismod tellus ac pretium. Proin sit amet eros id orci posuere aliquam eu faucibus tortor. Nullam eu turpis eu neque laoreet fringilla. Praesent diam risus, auctor vitae fermentum et, cursus ac orci. Etiam varius, erat sit amet imperdiet consectetur, nisl dui ornare nunc, vitae venenatis quam ipsum lacinia velit. Duis bibendum rhoncus vehicula. Integer in sapien leo, sed pellentesque odio. Aliquam erat volutpat. Pellentesque lorem lorem, interdum a dapibus dignissim, fringilla sit amet enim. Ut sed neque sapien, venenatis malesuada metus. Ut eget massa felis, eu condimentum velit. Maecenas posuere mi at metus convallis aliquam. Aenean gravida turpis suscipit metus pellentesque ullamcorper.
FB, SS (4 files), Twitter http://q.4rd.ca/aaacmD #Sorenikhilawareness
This document provides a table of contents for "A Survey of French Literature Volume I: The Middle Ages and The Sixteenth Century". The table of contents lists 10 chapters that will cover major works and authors from these time periods, including La Chanson de Roland, Tristan et Iseut, Aucassin et Nicolette, Le Roman de la Rose, medieval theater, lyric poetry, Calvin, Rabelais, Renaissance poets like Marot, du Bellay and Ronsard, and Montaigne. Selections and excerpts from many of these works are translated into modern French.
The medieval romance Tristan and Iseut tells the tragic story of the passion between the knight Tristan and Iseut, who are destined for others. As Tristan escorts the beautiful Iseut to marry his uncle King Marc, they accidentally drink a love potion intended for the king and queen. This potion causes them to fall irrevocably in love, though they try to fight their destiny, which can only end in sorrow given their duty to King Marc.
This document provides a high-level overview of the history of printing from 3000 BC to the 20th century. Key developments include the earliest forms of printing using seals and stamps in ancient Mesopotamia and China, the invention of paper in China in the 2nd century AD, the development of movable type in China in the 11th century, Gutenberg's invention of the printing press in the 15th century, which accelerated the spread of printing in Europe, and major printing innovations and techniques introduced over subsequent centuries such as lithography, photography, and offset printing.
The scarlet letter is an example of how people can find fault with you for your wrongdoing. They tend to look down on you in the name of justice. I a society where people are more and more intolerable, no wonder how cruel and unpathetic they can be when it comes to punishing and sentencing
This document provides an in-depth analysis of Pablo Picasso's Vollard Suite, a series of 100 etchings created between 1930-1937. It discusses the work's commissioner, art dealer Ambroise Vollard, and analyzes the themes and symbols within the series. Specifically, it examines Picasso's depictions of the Minotaur myth in depth. It argues that Picasso used the Minotaur to explore deep personal and societal themes related to sexuality, gender, rationality vs. mysticism, and the transition to modernity. The Minotaur represented Picasso grappling with his own relationships and Europe's post-WWI turmoil. The discovery of the Palace of Knossos
During Queen Elizabeth I's reign in the late 16th century, English literature flourished in what is known as the Elizabethan period. Major authors included Edmund Spenser, who wrote the epic poem The Faerie Queene celebrating Queen Elizabeth and the Protestant faith. William Shakespeare established himself as one of the preeminent playwrights with works like Romeo and Juliet and A Midsummer Night's Dream. Christopher Marlowe was also an influential early playwright known for plays like Tamburlaine the Great and Doctor Faustus. Overall, the Elizabethan period saw dramatic works develop into their own genre and established England as a leader in literature during the Renaissance.
A Few Pages Of History Les Mis Rables In The Nineteenth-Century French Imag...Monica Waters
This document is an honors thesis submitted to Rutgers University in April 2014 that examines Victor Hugo's novel Les Misérables and its reception in 19th century France. The thesis provides context on the novel's publication and unprecedented publicity campaign. It describes the intense critical discourse in French journals, with reviews praising it as a masterpiece or tearing it apart. While reception varied greatly, critics' views often reflected their personal opinions of Hugo rather than objective literary analysis. The thesis sets up an examination of how Les Misérables was perceived and helped shape national imagination in 19th century France.
Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes is considered one of the greatest works of literature of all time. It tells the story of Alonso Quixano, who goes mad from reading too many books of chivalry and decides to become a knight-errant named Don Quixote. In his madness, he has a series of adventures with his squire Sancho Panza across La Mancha. A survey of writers from over 50 countries voted Don Quixote as the best work of fiction. It has been translated into more languages than any other book besides the Bible and has inspired countless works of art and literature worldwide.
NOTE: This rare book by a very popular Bible scholar of the past is now a collectors item that you can purchase for 26 TO 75 dollars. This free copy has a good many spelling errors, but the value is still here for those who want to know its content.
Henry H Swan My Work With Necedah Volume Iv 1959 Second Printing1976Francis Batt
1) The spirit of Tzar Alexander III of Russia appeared to Mary Ann, claiming historians wrongly accused him of tyrannizing his people.
2) He said international bankers encouraged massacres of Christians to disrupt Russia and impose oppression, making his people desperate.
3) He worked to improve his people's lives and remove oppression, but was assassinated by Nihilists directed by "evil forces" for this reason.
The document is an advertisement for a new comic magazine called "The Spirit". It provides the following information:
- "The Spirit" is a new comic magazine brought by Will Eisner and Warren Publishing. It features the character Denny Colt, a private eye who was killed by the underworld but returns as a mysterious masked champion of justice.
- The stories in "The Spirit" will be unlike typical comic strips, using innovative panel layouts and perspectives to immerse the reader. The stories will also feel more realistic and emotionally engaging than typical "cartoon character imitations".
- Each issue will include eight stories in full color by artist Richard Corben and seven vintage stories in black and white
This document discusses several African adaptations of the Greek tragedy Antigone. It begins by explaining how African playwrights both defamiliarized and re-familiarized the original work through processes of de-familiarization and re-entry. It then provides examples of specific African plays that reworked Antigone, such as Edward Brathwaite's Odale's Choice from 1962. The document analyzes how these plays adapted elements of Sophocles' tragedy while also updating it with post-colonial and African themes and styles. It discusses the literary and political aims of these counter-discursive adaptations in destabilizing and recontextualizing the original canonical text.
This document contains an agenda for an English literature class that includes the following:
1. A countdown and discussion of upcoming assignments including recitations, exams, and a final paper.
2. An analysis of Michel de Montaigne's essay "Of Cannibals" which questions Eurocentric views of other cultures.
3. A discussion of how Gonzalo's speech in The Tempest echoes themes from "Of Cannibals" about an ideal society.
4. An overview of Shakespeare's sonnets including their composition, conventions like rhyme scheme and structure, and examples of analyzing sonnets.
Why Are Comics Still in Search of Cultural Legitimizat.docxharold7fisher61282
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Why Are Comics Still in Search of
Cultural Legitimization?
Thierry GroensTeen
Although comics have been in existence for over a century and a half, they suffer from
a considerable lack of legitimacy.
To those who know and love it, the art that has given us Rodolphe Töpffer and
Wilhelm Busch, Hergé and Tardi, Winsor McCay and George Herriman, Barks and
Gottfredson, Franquin and Moebius, Segar and Spiegelman, Gotlib and Bretécher,
Crumb and Mattotti, Hugo Pratt and Alberto Breccia, not to mention The Spirit,
Peanuts or Asterix . . . in short, comic art, has nothing left to prove. If its validity as an
art form appears self-evident, it is curious that the legitimizing authorities (universities,
museums, the media) still regularly charge it with being infantile, vulgar, or insignificant.
This as if the whole of the genre were to be lowered to the level of its most mediocre
products—and its most remarkable incarnations ignored. Comic art suffers from an
extraordinarily narrow image, given the richness and diversity of its manifestations.
Furthermore, its globally bad reputation jeopardizes the acknowledgment of its most
talented creators. Comic art’s continuing inability to reap the symbolic benefits of its
most accomplished achievements is particularly striking and merits elucidation. This is
the subject I would like to reflect upon today. Some of the points I will make concern
the specific history and situation of French comics and cannot be applied to other
national situations without some adaptation.
I will start by evoking some of the paradoxes of the history of the 9th art.
Modern (printed) comics appeared in the 1830s—in the form of Rodolphe Töpffer’s
pioneering work1—which makes them more or less contemporary with the invention
of photography. And yet, it was not until the 1960s that the French language found a
permanent name for this mode of expression—that was, by then, over a hundred years
old. During this long period, comics were known, not as bandes dessinées (literally strips
that have been drawn) but, successively or indiscriminately, as histoires en estampes, which
is Töpffer’s own term (stories told in prints), histoires en images (picture stories), récits
illustrés (illustrated tales), films dessinés (films made of drawings) and of course, comics.
Translated by Shirley Smolderen. Reprinted by permission from Anne Magnussen and Hans-Christian Christiansen, eds.,
Comics and Culture: Analytical and Theoretical Approaches to Comics (Museum Tusculanum Press, 2000), 29–41.
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EBSCO : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/6/2019 8:47 PM via MICHIGAN STATE UNIV
AN: 458766 ; Heer, Jeet, .
The document provides an overview of the Age of Chaucer in England from 1340-1400. It summarizes the social, political, and economic conditions during this time period, including the transition from medieval to modern society, the growth of English nationalism, the Black Death plague, and religious reforms. It then focuses on Geoffrey Chaucer, considered the father of English literature, and his most famous work, The Canterbury Tales. The Canterbury Tales is described as a framed narrative containing stories told by various pilgrims on a journey to Canterbury Cathedral.
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The document discusses leadership lessons from Mahendra Singh Dhoni's captaincy of the Indian cricket team. It describes how Dhoni insisted on having the team he wanted, optimally utilized available resources despite injuries, and backed players who were low on confidence by giving them challenges to boost their confidence in him and the team. It highlights how Dhoni remained calm under pressure and let his team take the credit for their successes.
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This summary provides an overview of two selections from the medieval French romance Tristan et Iseut by Thomas and Béroul:
1) Tristan and Iseut are forced to drink a love potion before Iseut's wedding to King Marc of Cornwall. The potion, which was intended for Iseut and the king, causes the pair to fall irrevocably in love despite their efforts to resist.
2) After years of trysts, Tristan flees to Brittany and marries another Iseut. However, his love for the first Iseut proves fatal. He dies of grief upon learning of her death, succumbing to the in
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This document provides a table of contents for "A Survey of French Literature Volume I: The Middle Ages and The Sixteenth Century". The table of contents lists 10 chapters that will cover major works and authors from these time periods, including La Chanson de Roland, Tristan et Iseut, Aucassin et Nicolette, Le Roman de la Rose, medieval theater, lyric poetry, Calvin, Rabelais, Renaissance poets like Marot, du Bellay and Ronsard, and Montaigne. Selections and excerpts from many of these works are translated into modern French.
The medieval romance Tristan and Iseut tells the tragic story of the passion between the knight Tristan and Iseut, who are destined for others. As Tristan escorts the beautiful Iseut to marry his uncle King Marc, they accidentally drink a love potion intended for the king and queen. This potion causes them to fall irrevocably in love, though they try to fight their destiny, which can only end in sorrow given their duty to King Marc.
This document provides a high-level overview of the history of printing from 3000 BC to the 20th century. Key developments include the earliest forms of printing using seals and stamps in ancient Mesopotamia and China, the invention of paper in China in the 2nd century AD, the development of movable type in China in the 11th century, Gutenberg's invention of the printing press in the 15th century, which accelerated the spread of printing in Europe, and major printing innovations and techniques introduced over subsequent centuries such as lithography, photography, and offset printing.
The scarlet letter is an example of how people can find fault with you for your wrongdoing. They tend to look down on you in the name of justice. I a society where people are more and more intolerable, no wonder how cruel and unpathetic they can be when it comes to punishing and sentencing
This document provides an in-depth analysis of Pablo Picasso's Vollard Suite, a series of 100 etchings created between 1930-1937. It discusses the work's commissioner, art dealer Ambroise Vollard, and analyzes the themes and symbols within the series. Specifically, it examines Picasso's depictions of the Minotaur myth in depth. It argues that Picasso used the Minotaur to explore deep personal and societal themes related to sexuality, gender, rationality vs. mysticism, and the transition to modernity. The Minotaur represented Picasso grappling with his own relationships and Europe's post-WWI turmoil. The discovery of the Palace of Knossos
During Queen Elizabeth I's reign in the late 16th century, English literature flourished in what is known as the Elizabethan period. Major authors included Edmund Spenser, who wrote the epic poem The Faerie Queene celebrating Queen Elizabeth and the Protestant faith. William Shakespeare established himself as one of the preeminent playwrights with works like Romeo and Juliet and A Midsummer Night's Dream. Christopher Marlowe was also an influential early playwright known for plays like Tamburlaine the Great and Doctor Faustus. Overall, the Elizabethan period saw dramatic works develop into their own genre and established England as a leader in literature during the Renaissance.
A Few Pages Of History Les Mis Rables In The Nineteenth-Century French Imag...Monica Waters
This document is an honors thesis submitted to Rutgers University in April 2014 that examines Victor Hugo's novel Les Misérables and its reception in 19th century France. The thesis provides context on the novel's publication and unprecedented publicity campaign. It describes the intense critical discourse in French journals, with reviews praising it as a masterpiece or tearing it apart. While reception varied greatly, critics' views often reflected their personal opinions of Hugo rather than objective literary analysis. The thesis sets up an examination of how Les Misérables was perceived and helped shape national imagination in 19th century France.
Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes is considered one of the greatest works of literature of all time. It tells the story of Alonso Quixano, who goes mad from reading too many books of chivalry and decides to become a knight-errant named Don Quixote. In his madness, he has a series of adventures with his squire Sancho Panza across La Mancha. A survey of writers from over 50 countries voted Don Quixote as the best work of fiction. It has been translated into more languages than any other book besides the Bible and has inspired countless works of art and literature worldwide.
NOTE: This rare book by a very popular Bible scholar of the past is now a collectors item that you can purchase for 26 TO 75 dollars. This free copy has a good many spelling errors, but the value is still here for those who want to know its content.
Henry H Swan My Work With Necedah Volume Iv 1959 Second Printing1976Francis Batt
1) The spirit of Tzar Alexander III of Russia appeared to Mary Ann, claiming historians wrongly accused him of tyrannizing his people.
2) He said international bankers encouraged massacres of Christians to disrupt Russia and impose oppression, making his people desperate.
3) He worked to improve his people's lives and remove oppression, but was assassinated by Nihilists directed by "evil forces" for this reason.
The document is an advertisement for a new comic magazine called "The Spirit". It provides the following information:
- "The Spirit" is a new comic magazine brought by Will Eisner and Warren Publishing. It features the character Denny Colt, a private eye who was killed by the underworld but returns as a mysterious masked champion of justice.
- The stories in "The Spirit" will be unlike typical comic strips, using innovative panel layouts and perspectives to immerse the reader. The stories will also feel more realistic and emotionally engaging than typical "cartoon character imitations".
- Each issue will include eight stories in full color by artist Richard Corben and seven vintage stories in black and white
This document discusses several African adaptations of the Greek tragedy Antigone. It begins by explaining how African playwrights both defamiliarized and re-familiarized the original work through processes of de-familiarization and re-entry. It then provides examples of specific African plays that reworked Antigone, such as Edward Brathwaite's Odale's Choice from 1962. The document analyzes how these plays adapted elements of Sophocles' tragedy while also updating it with post-colonial and African themes and styles. It discusses the literary and political aims of these counter-discursive adaptations in destabilizing and recontextualizing the original canonical text.
This document contains an agenda for an English literature class that includes the following:
1. A countdown and discussion of upcoming assignments including recitations, exams, and a final paper.
2. An analysis of Michel de Montaigne's essay "Of Cannibals" which questions Eurocentric views of other cultures.
3. A discussion of how Gonzalo's speech in The Tempest echoes themes from "Of Cannibals" about an ideal society.
4. An overview of Shakespeare's sonnets including their composition, conventions like rhyme scheme and structure, and examples of analyzing sonnets.
Why Are Comics Still in Search of Cultural Legitimizat.docxharold7fisher61282
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Why Are Comics Still in Search of
Cultural Legitimization?
Thierry GroensTeen
Although comics have been in existence for over a century and a half, they suffer from
a considerable lack of legitimacy.
To those who know and love it, the art that has given us Rodolphe Töpffer and
Wilhelm Busch, Hergé and Tardi, Winsor McCay and George Herriman, Barks and
Gottfredson, Franquin and Moebius, Segar and Spiegelman, Gotlib and Bretécher,
Crumb and Mattotti, Hugo Pratt and Alberto Breccia, not to mention The Spirit,
Peanuts or Asterix . . . in short, comic art, has nothing left to prove. If its validity as an
art form appears self-evident, it is curious that the legitimizing authorities (universities,
museums, the media) still regularly charge it with being infantile, vulgar, or insignificant.
This as if the whole of the genre were to be lowered to the level of its most mediocre
products—and its most remarkable incarnations ignored. Comic art suffers from an
extraordinarily narrow image, given the richness and diversity of its manifestations.
Furthermore, its globally bad reputation jeopardizes the acknowledgment of its most
talented creators. Comic art’s continuing inability to reap the symbolic benefits of its
most accomplished achievements is particularly striking and merits elucidation. This is
the subject I would like to reflect upon today. Some of the points I will make concern
the specific history and situation of French comics and cannot be applied to other
national situations without some adaptation.
I will start by evoking some of the paradoxes of the history of the 9th art.
Modern (printed) comics appeared in the 1830s—in the form of Rodolphe Töpffer’s
pioneering work1—which makes them more or less contemporary with the invention
of photography. And yet, it was not until the 1960s that the French language found a
permanent name for this mode of expression—that was, by then, over a hundred years
old. During this long period, comics were known, not as bandes dessinées (literally strips
that have been drawn) but, successively or indiscriminately, as histoires en estampes, which
is Töpffer’s own term (stories told in prints), histoires en images (picture stories), récits
illustrés (illustrated tales), films dessinés (films made of drawings) and of course, comics.
Translated by Shirley Smolderen. Reprinted by permission from Anne Magnussen and Hans-Christian Christiansen, eds.,
Comics and Culture: Analytical and Theoretical Approaches to Comics (Museum Tusculanum Press, 2000), 29–41.
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EBSCO : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/6/2019 8:47 PM via MICHIGAN STATE UNIV
AN: 458766 ; Heer, Jeet, .
The document provides an overview of the Age of Chaucer in England from 1340-1400. It summarizes the social, political, and economic conditions during this time period, including the transition from medieval to modern society, the growth of English nationalism, the Black Death plague, and religious reforms. It then focuses on Geoffrey Chaucer, considered the father of English literature, and his most famous work, The Canterbury Tales. The Canterbury Tales is described as a framed narrative containing stories told by various pilgrims on a journey to Canterbury Cathedral.
[Burgess anthony 99_novels_best_in_english_since_bSandip Simmy
Anthony Burgess introduces his book "99 Novels", which provides a list of what he considers the best novels published in English since 1939. He analyzes how accurately novels have reflected their time periods and opened readers' eyes to the future. The book's list includes unexpected inclusions like Ian Fleming's "Goldfinger" and omissions like Nabokov's "Lolita". Burgess, known for writing "A Clockwork Orange", provides short arguments for each novel on the list and why he chose works that brought new techniques or perspectives to the genre.
The Renaissance and Reformation
(1350-1600)
Spirit of the Renaissance
Arts and Literature of the
Renaissance
Changing Patterns of Life
Beginnings of the Protestant
Reformation
Further Challenges to the
Catholic Church
The document discusses various scientific and cultural developments that occurred around 1905, including Einstein's publications on relativity which revolutionized physics, the Fauves art movement in France, Freud's work on the unconscious mind, and archaeological discoveries at Knossos in Greece. Developments in other fields like blood typing, glass packaging, and filmmaking are also mentioned. The year 1905 is described as witnessing many breakthroughs that shaped the modern era.
The document provides an overview of classical period music between 1750-1820. It discusses key characteristics including a shift away from Baroque complexity towards simplicity and balance inspired by ancient Greece. The classical orchestra became standardized and instrumental music was patronized by nobility. Major composers like Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven emerged, developing new forms like the sonata and symphony. Their works came to define the classical style through harmonic homophony, clear dynamics, and forms emphasizing single melodies with accompaniment.
Similar to Rivalry between LinkedIn and FB, really? http://awaren.us/NlFakL (20)
Rivalry between LinkedIn and FB, really? http://awaren.us/NlFakL
1. A Survey of French Literature
A new, updated edition of a classic anthology by Morris
Bishop, revised by Kenneth Rivers, in six volumes:
A Survey of
Volume 1:
Volume 2:
The Middle Ages and
The Sixteenth Century
The Seventeenth Century
French Literature
Volume 3: The Eighteenth Century Volume I
Volume 4: The Nineteenth Century The Middle Ages and The Sixteenth Century
Volume 5: The Twentieth Century
Vol. I
Bishop / Rivers
Third Edition
I S B N 1-58510-106-0
Focus Publishing
R. Pullins Company Morris Bishop
PO Box 369
Focus Kenneth T. Rivers
Newburyport, MA 01950 9 781585 101061
4. Table of Contents
(All works are complete unless otherwise indicated.)
Preface ............................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 3
The Middle Ages .......................................................................................................... 5
1. La Chanson de Roland (Selections) .................................................................. 11
(Translation into modern French by Henri Chamard)
2. Le Roman courtois ............................................................................................. 22
Le Roman de Tristan et Iseut (Selections) .................................................... 23
Le Philtre .................................................................................................. 23
La Mort ..................................................................................................... 26
(Translated into modern French by Joseph Bédier)
Marie de France .......................................................................................... 31
Lai du Laustic .......................................................................................... 31
(Translated into modern French by B. de Roquefort)
3. Aucassin et Nicolette (Abridged) ........................................................................ 33
(Translated into modern French by Alexandre Bida)
4. Le Roman de la Rose (Selections) ..................................................................... 44
The Trickery of Women ................................................................................ 45
The Aims, Devices, and Might of Nature ..................................................... 50
(Translated into modern French by Pierre Marteau)
5. Medieval Theater ............................................................................................... 54
Le Jeu d’Adam (Excerpts) ............................................................................ 54
(Translated into modern French by Henri Chamard)
La Farce du cuvier (Abridged) ...................................................................... 64
(Translated into modern French by Gassies des Brulies)
La Farce de Maître Pathelin .......................................................................... 69
(Translated into modern French by Pierre-François Giroud)
6. Lyric Poetry ........................................................................................................ 90
D’Orléans..................................................................................................... 93
Rondeaux ................................................................................................. 94
Pisan ............................................................................................................. 95
De triste coeur chanter joyeusement ........................................................ 96
Villon ............................................................................................................ 97
Le Grand Testament (Selections) ............................................................. 99
L’Épitaphe .............................................................................................. 103
(Translated into modern French by Jules de Marthold)
The Sixteenth Century ........................................................................................... 105
7. Calvin ................................................................................................................ 109
Traité sur la foi ............................................................................................ 111
8. Rabelais ............................................................................................................. 112
L’Abbaye de Thélème from Gargantua et Pantagruel (Selections) ............. 114
(Translated into modern French by Raoul Mortier)
v
5. VI A SURVEY OF FRENCH LITERATURE VOLUME 1
9. Renaissance Poets: Marot and Labé; La Pléiade: Du Bellay and Ronsard .. 118
Marot ......................................................................................................... 119
À une demoiselle malade ....................................................................... 120
Labé ............................................................................................................ 120
Sonnet VII: On voit mourir toute chose animée .................................... 121
Sonnet VIII: Je vis, je meurs: je me brûle et me noie ............................ 122
Sonnet XIII: Oh si j’etais en ce beau sein ravie ..................................... 122
Sonnet XXIII: Las! que me sert, que si parfaitement ............................ 123
Du Bellay.................................................................................................... 126
L’Olive
Si notre vie est moins qu’une journée ................................................ 126
Ces cheveux d’or sont les liens, Madame .......................................... 127
Les Antiquités de Rome
Sacrés coteaux, et vous, saintes ruines............................................... 128
Les Regrets
Je ne veux point fouiller au sein de la nature ..................................... 128
France, mère des arts, des armes et des lois ....................................... 128
Heureux qui, comme Ulysse, a fait un beau voyage .......................... 129
Flatter un créditeur pour son terme allonger ...................................... 129
Ronsard ...................................................................................................... 130
Ode à Corydon ....................................................................................... 131
Cassandre ............................................................................................... 132
Marie ...................................................................................................... 132
Hélène .................................................................................................... 132
10. Montaigne ......................................................................................................... 134
Au Lecteur .................................................................................................. 136
Des Cannibales (Slightly abridged) ............................................................ 136
Bibliography ................................................................................................................ 145
A biographical note about the editors............................................................................ 146
6. Preface
The editors of this compilation have been guided by certain principles: to introduce
the student to the greatest masters of French literature; to make a Survey of Literature
rather than a course in literary history; to choose famous examples rather than obscure
ones; to choose examples more for their merit, interest, and present vitality than for their
“significance” or importance for other than literary reasons; to present one long selection
in preference to a collection of tiny morceaux; and to make the entire text as user-friendly
as possible for instructor and student alike.
Each of the five volumes represents a complete era or century. This division is designed
to give the instructor maximum latitude in course utilization of the texts. Whether instruction
is intended for a course spanning a year, a semester, a trimester or a quarter, the instructor
can plan a syllabus using the number of volumes appropriate to the time allotted.
The editors have leaned toward inclusion rather than exclusion in deciding which
literary texts to present. Even so, in the choice of selections, the editors have been compelled
to make certain compromises, recognizing the impossibility of including everyone’s
favorites. And not every work that we admire has all the desirable qualities appropriate for
an anthology, such as being famous, interesting, self-contained, and of convenient length.
The editors will embark on no long defense of their own judgment, which others have every
right to dispute. We have preferred Tristan et Iseut to Chrétien de Troyes, and Le Roman
de la Rose to Le Roman de Renard, for reasons which seemed to us good. With so many
great writers demanding to be heard, we have inevitably excluded some of considerable
merit. But over the course of our five volumes we have more than enough authors’ works
for anyone’s needs.
The texts up through Rabelais are translated, or modernized, by scholars whose names
are given in the Contents. The Montaigne selection has been somewhat simplified. All the
texts are presented with modernized spelling and punctuation.
Literary periods, usually centuries or half-centuries, and all the major individual
authors have introductory material included. Biographical information about the writers
has been presented in a concise, informative and hopefully entertaining fashion designed
to help make the authors come alive for the reader. In addition to the essentials about
these lives, we have also focused on how certain biographical facts may be relevant to the
specific texts. The introductions provide such facts and generalizations as a student will
need for reference, in view of examinations as well as overall comprehension. It is evident
that today’s student is often in need of background information about the historical, artistic,
social, and geographical context of the literature. This we have tried to provide. For example,
our presentation of Renaissance literature begins with a clear six-point summary of what
the literary Renaissance was. The generalizations that we present are not meant to be taken
by the student as absolute truth, but rather are intended to give the student a compact body
of common knowledge and prevalent opinion; the student will then have something solid
to agree or disagree with upon encountering the literature. And our contribution is designed
to leave plenty of scope for the instructor’s own commentary.
Introductions and footnotes are in English. Whereas classroom discussion is best held
in French, a textbook all in French would not necessarily be ideal. It is necessary to consider
the serious time restraints that life today has imposed on most students. When doing their
reading, they desire to get through the introductory material as quickly as possible without
1
7. 2 A SURVEY OF FRENCH LITERATURE VOLUME 1
the intrusion of language difficulties. They need not labor with an editor’s French; they
might better get on as fast as possible to the memorable words of the great authors.
In the footnotes, words and phrases which would not be in the vocabulary of a typical
student are translated, and other aids to fluent reading and ready comprehension are given.
Since footnotes should aid and not distract, the editors have struggled against the temptation
to give superfluous information.
In the preparation of this Third Edition, the advice of many instructors and scholars has
been heeded. By popular demand, there is now greater representation of women authors;
for example, in this first volume we have the addition of Christine de Pisan and Louise
Labé. We have found it possible also to add another requested author, Jean Calvin. (Later
volumes add to their tables of contents several notable writers previously absent, such
as Perrault, Choderlos de Laclos, Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, Lesage, Vauvenargues, Sade,
de Maistre, Chénier, Bonaparte, Sand, Maeterlinck, and a variety of modern French and
Francophone luminaries.) The selections from a few authors throughout the edition have
been further abridged to make them more manageable for class assignments, and a handful
of authors whose reputations have fallen have been excised. Footnotes have been amplified
throughout, in order to assist students who may not have the strongest of vocabularies
or much knowledge of French culture. The Time Lines have been augmented with
additional information. The introductions have been expanded, updated, and reorganized.
Bibliographical information is now included at the end of the volume. And numerous visual
materials have been added, including, where possible, portraits of authors and pictures of
their homes or home-town areas in order to give a sense of social context and make their
work seem all the more real to the reader. Moreover, both the organization and appearance
of our text have been modernized to enhance clarity and ease of use.
The kindness of French publishers who have permitted the use of copyrighted
translations into modern French is acknowledged in footnotes at the beginning of each
such selection.
8. THE MIDDLE AGES - LE ROMAN COURTOIS 23
The romans courtois are marked by excellent artistic competence. Many of the writers
were splendid storytellers, unfailing in invention, deft in developing character, expressing
themselves with a happy blend of realism and poetic feeling. The popularity of their tales
in many modern reworkings shows that they overpass all local and temporary conditions to
touch the universal imagination of humanity.
LE ROMAN DE TRISTAN ET ISEUT
[Selections]
[The ever-famous tale of Tristan and Iseut stems from Celtic legend. The earliest extant
versions are those of Thomas and Béroul, who wrote in the second half of the twelfth
century. The story tells how Tristan, nephew of King Marc of Cornwall, slays the giant
Morholt. He is wounded, is miraculously wafted to Ireland, and slays a dragon, suffering
further wounds. He is nursed by the Morholt’s niece, Iseut la Blonde, against her will. He
is then commissioned to bring Iseut to Cornwall to be his uncle’s bride. On the journey,
the pair drink, by mistake, a philtre (love potion) intended for Iseut and King Marc. Tristan
and Iseut are torn between passion and duty, for they are deeply conscious of honor’s
obligations. They fight desperately against their destiny. After many pathetic adventures,
Tristan, to shake his fatal love, flees to Brittany and marries another Iseut, Iseut of the White
Hands. The tragic outcome of the story is told in the second of the following selections.
It is a tale of passion, remorse, and despair, of wretched human beings struggling
against the fatality of love. There can be no escape for them, and no happiness in life, save
a few moments of tortured bliss. They can find the union of their spirits only in death. This
is a thoroughly medieval idea.
The prose modernization here reproduced combines several of the early versions. It is
by a great authority on medieval literature, Joseph Bédier. Notice the mild archaisms (“la
nef,” “à toujours”) with which he gives an antique finish to his style.]
[Chapter 4] Le Philtre1 mes paroles. Cache-le de telle sorte que
nul œil ne le voie et que nulle lèvre ne s’en
Quand le temps approcha de remettre approche. Mais, quand viendront la nuit
Iseut aux chevaliers de Cornouailles,2 sa nuptiale et l’instant où l’on quitte les époux,
mère cueillit des herbes, des fleurs et des tu verseras ce vin herbé dans une coupe
racines, les mêla dans du vin, et brassa et tu la présenteras, pour qu’ils la vident
un breuvage3 puissant. L’ayant achevé par ensemble, au roi Marc et à la reine Iseut.
science et magie, elle le versa dans un Prends garde, ma fille, que seuls ils puissent
coutret4 et dit secrètement à Brangien:5 goûter ce breuvage. Car telle est sa vertu:
« Fille, tu dois suivre Iseut au pays ceux qui en boiront ensemble s’aimeront
du roi Marc, et tu l’aimes d’amour fidèle. de tous leurs sens et de toute leur pensée, à
Prends donc ce coutret de vin et retiens toujours, dans la vie et dans la mort. »
1. The two chapters from Le Roman de Tristan of Cornish knights, has arrived in Ireland to
et Iseut, translated into modern French by escort Iseut to her destined spouse, King Marc
Joseph Bédier, are copyrighted (1981) material of Cornwall.)
republished by permission of Éditions 10/18, 3. brassa un breuvage: brewed a drink.
Univers Poche. 4. coutret: leather bottle.
2. Cornouailles. Cornwall. (Tristan, with a group 5. Brangien: Iseut’s youthful maid of honor.
9. 24 A SURVEY OF FRENCH LITERATURE VOLUME 1
Brangien promit à la reine qu’elle et comme ravis. Elle vit devant eux le vase
ferait selon sa volonté. presque vide et le hanap. Elle prit le vase,
La nef,6 tranchant les vagues profondes, courut à la poupe, le lança dans les vagues
emportait Iseut. Mais, plus elle s’éloignait et gémit:
de la terre d’Irlande, plus tristement la jeune « Malheureuse! maudit soit le jour où je
fille se lamentait. Assise sous la tente où elle suis née et maudit le jour où je suis montée
s’était renfermée avec Brangien, sa servante, sur cette nef! Iseut, amie, et vous, Tristan,
elle pleurait au souvenir de son pays. Où ces c’est votre mort que vous avez bue! »
étrangers l’entraînaient-ils? Vers qui? Vers De nouveau, la nef cinglait12 vers
quelle destinée? Quand Tristan s’approchait Tintagel.13 Il semblait à Tristan qu’une
d’elle et voulait l’apaiser par de douces ronce14 vivace, aux épines aiguës, aux
paroles, elle s’irritait, le repoussait, et la fleurs odorantes, poussait ses racines dans
haine gonflait son cœur. Il était venu, lui le sang de son cœur et par de forts liens
le ravisseur, lui le meurtrier du Morholt; il enlaçait au beau corps d’Iseut son corps
l’avait arrachée par ses ruses à sa mère et à et toute sa pensée, et tout son désir. Il
son pays; il n’avait pas daigné la garder pour songeait: « Andret, Denoalen, Guenelon
lui-même, et voici qu’il l’emportait, comme et Gondoïne, félons qui m’accusiez de
sa proie, sur les flots, vers la terre ennemie! convoiter15 la terre du roi Marc, ah! je suis
« Chétive!7 disait-elle, maudite soit la mer plus vil encore, et ce n’est pas sa terre que
qui me porte! Mieux aimerais-je mourir sur je convoite! Bel oncle, qui m’avez aimé
la terre où je suis née que vivre là-bas!… » orphelin avant même de reconnaître le sang
Un jour, les vents tombèrent, et les de votre sœur Blanchefleur,16 vous qui me
voiles pendaient dégonflées8 le long du mât. pleuriez tendrement, tandis que vos bras
Tristan fit atterrir dans une île, et, lassés de me portaient jusqu’à la barque sans rames
la mer, les cent chevaliers de Cornouailles et ni voile,17 bel oncle, que18 n’avez-vous, dès
les mariniers descendirent au rivage. Seule le premier jour, chassé l’enfant errant venu
Iseut était demeurée sur la nef, et une petite pour vous trahir? Ah! qu’ai-je pensé? Iseut
servante. Tristan vint vers la reine et tâchait est votre femme, et moi votre vassal. Iseut
de calmer son cœur. Comme le soleil brûlait est votre femme, et moi votre fils. Iseut est
et qu’ils avaient soif, ils demandèrent à votre femme, et ne peut pas m’aimer. »
boire. L’enfant chercha quelque breuvage, Iseut l’aimait. Elle voulait le haïr,
tant qu’elle9 découvrit le coutret confié à pourtant: ne l’avait-il pas vilement
Brangien par la mère d’Iseut. « J’ai trouvé dédaignée? Elle voulait le haïr, et ne pouvait,
du vin! » leur cria-t-elle. Non, ce n’était pas irritée en son cœur de cette tendresse plus
du vin: c’était la passion, c’était l’âpre joie douloureuse que la haine.
et l’angoisse sans fin, et la mort. L’enfant Brangien les observait avec angoisse,
remplit un hanap10 et le présenta à sa plus cruellement tourmentée encore,
maîtresse. Elle but à longs traits,11 puis le car seule elle savait quel mal elle avait
tendit à Tristan, qui le vida. causé. Deux jours elle les épia,19 les vit
A cet instant, Brangien entra et les vit repousser toute nourriture, tout breuvage
qui se regardaient en silence, comme égarés et tout réconfort, se chercher comme des
6. nef: ship. 14. ronce: bramble bush.
7. Chétive: Hapless one. 15. convoiter: covet.
8. dégonflées: deflated, limp. 16. Tristan had presented himself disguised at the
9. tant qu’: until. court of King Marc.
10. hanap: goblet. 17. barque…voile: Tristan, wounded by Morholt,
11. à longs traits: deeply. had had himself placed in a boat without oars or
12. cinglait: was sailing. sail, and had been miraculously borne to Ireland.
13. Tintagel: the legendary court of King Marc in 18. que: why.
Cornwall. 19. epia: spied upon.
10. THE MIDDLE AGES - LE ROMAN COURTOIS 25
aveugles qui marchent à tâtons20 l’un vers
l’autre, malheureux quand ils languissaient
séparés, plus malheureux encore quand,
réunis, ils tremblaient devant l’horreur du
premier aveu.
Au troisième jour, comme Tristan
venait vers la tente, dressée sur le pont
de la nef, où Iseut était assise, Iseut le vit
s’approcher et lui dit humblement:
« Entrez, seigneur.
—Reine, dit Tristan, pourquoi m’avoir
appelé seigneur? Ne suis-je pas votre
homme lige,21 au contraire, et votre vassal,
pour vous révérer, vous servir et vous aimer
comme ma reine et ma dame? »
Iseut répondit:
« Non, tu le sais, que tu es mon seigneur
et mon maître! Tu le sais, que ta force me
domine et que je suis ta serve!22 Ah! que n’ai-
je avivé23 naguère24 les plaies du jongleur
blessé!25 Que n’ai-je laissé périr le tueur du
monstre dans les herbes du marécage!26 Que
n’ai-je assené27 sur lui, quand il gisait dans Medieval illuminated page from Tristan et Iseut.
le bain, le coup de l’épée déjà brandie!28 Courtesy of Bibliothèque nationale de France.
Hélas! je ne savais pas alors ce que je sais
aujourd’hui! Brangien, qui les épiait, poussa un cri, et,
—Iseut, que savez-vous donc les bras tendus, la face trempée de larmes,
aujourd’hui? Qu’est-ce donc qui vous se jeta à leurs pieds:
tourmente? « Malheureux! arrêtez-vous, et retournez,
—Ah! tout ce que je sais me tourmente, si vous le pouvez encore! Mais non, la voie
et tout ce que je vois. Ce ciel me tourmente, est sans retour, déjà la force de l’amour
et cette mer, et mon corps, et ma vie! » vous entraîne et jamais plus vous n’aurez
Elle posa son bras sur l’épaule de de joie sans douleur. C’est le vin herbé qui
Tristan; des larmes éteignirent le rayon de vous possède, le breuvage d’amour que
ses yeux, ses lèvres tremblèrent. Il répéta: votre mère, Iseut, m’avait confié. Seul, le
« Amie, qu’est-ce donc qui vous roi Marc devait le boire avec vous; mais
tourmente? » l’Ennemi s’est joué de nous trios, et c’est
Elle répondit: vous qui avez vidé le hanap. Ami Tristan,
« L’amour de vous. » Iseut amie, en châtiment de la male29 garde
Alors il posa ses lèvres sur les siennes. que j’ai faite, je vous abandonne mon corps,
Mais, comme pour la première fois ma vie; car, par mon crime, dans la coupe
tous deux goûtaient une joie d’amour, maudite, vous avez bu l’amour et la mort! »
20. à tâtons: groping. Iseut. Discovering that he was the slayer of her
21. homme lige: liegeman (bound by a feudal oath of uncle, Morholt, she resisted the temptation to
fidelity). kill him in his bath.
22. serve (fem.): servant. 26. marécage: marsh.
23. que n’ai-je avivé: why did I not inflame. 27. assené: smite.
24. naguère: in the past. 28. brandie: brandished.
25. Tristan had killed a dragon in Ireland. Wounded, 29. male = mauvaise.
he was rescued from a marsh and nursed by
11. A Survey of French Literature
A new, updated edition of a classic anthology by Morris
Bishop, revised by Kenneth Rivers, in six volumes:
A Survey of
Volume 1:
Volume 2:
The Middle Ages and
The Sixteenth Century
The Seventeenth Century
French Literature
Volume 3: The Eighteenth Century Volume I
Volume 4: The Nineteenth Century The Middle Ages and The Sixteenth Century
Volume 5: The Twentieth Century
Vol. I
Bishop / Rivers
Third Edition
I S B N 1-58510-106-0
Focus Publishing
R. Pullins Company Morris Bishop
PO Box 369
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Newburyport, MA 01950 9 781585 101061