This document summarizes political events in England between 1642-1688. It discusses the English Civil War between King Charles I and Parliament which was led by Oliver Cromwell and his New Model Army. Cromwell became lord protector after defeating the royalists and executing King Charles I for treason. After Cromwell's death, King Charles II assumed the throne but faced instability. This led to the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the Bill of Rights, which established England's monarchy as constitutional.