Revision

1. Date: 15th June 2023
The KPA will cover all of the topics covered in Y7, these are listed below.
Biology
Term 1 – Cells (5 marks)
Term 2 – Reproduction (5 marks)
Term 3 – Ecology (10 marks)
Chemistry
Term 1 – Particles (5 marks)
Term 2 – Atoms and bonding (5 marks)
Term 3 – Chemical reactions (10 marks)
Physics
Term 1 – Energy (5 marks)
Term 2 – Waves (5 marks)
Term 3 – Forces (10 marks)
How to use the revision booklet:
Read the fact files then cover them
and add as many facts as you can to
the brain dump. Check the fact file
again, anything you missed can be
added with a different coloured pen.
Answer the questions to check your
knowledge. If there are any questions you
cannot answer, go back to your fact file
and brain dump and revise that section
again. Check your answers on FROG!

2. What: Read the facts below from the cells topic.
Biology - Cells
How: Cover over the facts and make a mind map of everything you can
remember. Then look at the facts again and add anything you missed in a
different coloured pen.
Both Plant and Animal
Nucleus – holds the DNA.
Mitochondria – site of respiration, where energy
is released.
Cytoplasm – where chemical reactions occur.
Ribosomes – make proteins.
Cell Membrane – controls what enters and
leaves.
Only Plant:
Chloroplasts – have chlorophyll for
photosynthesis.
Vacuole – holds cell sap which has sugar and
water.
Cell Wall – made of cellulose supports and
protects the cell.
Microscopes - magnify specimens using an
eyepiece and objective lens. Eye piece X10,
objective X20 = total magnification is 10X 20 =
X200.
Adaptations of a Bacterial Cell
They have no nucleus – chromosomal DNA
instead.
Plasmids which are extra DNA
Cell wall – supports but doesn’t have cellulose.
Flagellum – tail to move.
Using microscopes – Place the specimen on a slide and cover with a cover slip. Place
the slide on the stage and view through the eyepiece with the lowest objective lens,
turn the focussing wheel until the picture is clear. Change to a higher magnification
lens if required.
Cells
Animal cells
Plant cells
Bacteria cells
Microscopes

3. What: Read the facts below from the reproduction topic.
Biology - Reproduction
How: Cover over the facts and make a mind map of everything you can
remember. Then look at the facts again and add anything you missed in a
different coloured pen.
Fertilisation
• A sperm and egg cell fuse together during fertilisation.
 The egg hardens to stop other sperm entering.
 The fertilised egg (zygote) will divide into a ball of cells called an embryo.
 The embryo then implants into the lining of the uterus and continues to grow
into a foetus
Menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle is on average a 28 day cycle
that involves menstruation, ovulation and the
preparation of the uterus lining for pregnancy.
Day 1-5: Menstruation occurs: the uterus lining
sheds out through the vagina.
Day 6-13: The uterus lining builds back up again.
Day 14: Ovulation occurs: An egg is released out
of an ovary
Days 15-28: The uterus lining is maintained
(stays thick). Id an egg is not fertilised the
cycle starts again and the lining breaks down (a
period). If an egg is fertilised the cycle stops
and the lining is maintained.
Gametes (sex cells)
Sperm cell – Male sex cell. Uses
its tail to swim to the egg cell
to fertilise it.
Egg cell – Female sex cell.
Contains lots of nutrients and
cell membrane hardens when
one sperm enters.
Reproduction
Male
reproductive
system
Gametes
Fertilisation
Female
reproductive
system
Menstrual
cycle

4. What: Read the facts below from the ecology topic.
Biology - Ecology
How: Cover over the facts and make a mind map of everything you can
remember. Then look at the facts again and add anything you missed in a
different coloured pen.
Photosynthesis
• Carbon dioxide + Water  Glucose + Oxygen
• A chemical reaction that happens in the chloroplasts. They contain a green
substance called chlorophyll that traps light energy from the sun to allow the
plant to make its own food (glucose).
Ecology
Ecosystems
Testing a leaf
for starch
Photosynthesis
Factors
affecting
photosynthesis
Factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis
Light intensity: When light is the limiting factor,
increasing the light intensity will increase the speed of
photosynthesis. However, when extra light does not
increase the rate something else is a limiting factor.
Carbon dioxide concentration: When carbon dioxide is
the limiting factor, increasing the concentration will
increase the speed of photosynthesis. However, when
extra carbon dioxide does not increase the rate
something else is a limiting factor.
Temperature: The rate of photosynthesis is very slow at
low temperatures. When the temperature gets too high
enzymes responsible for photosynthesis denature and
the rate of photosynthesis falls.
Testing a leaf for
starch
1. Boil the leaf
2. Place the leaf in
boiling Ethanol to
remove the green
chlorophyll
3. Rinse the leaf with
water
4. Place the leaf on a
white tile and drop
Iodine onto the leaf
5. If starch is
present, the leaf
will turn black.
Ecosystems – key terminology
Ecosystem - A community of organisms living alongside the non-living conditions.
Biodiversity – The variety of living species in an ecosystem
Community – The range of organisms living in a habitat.
Population – All the organisms of one species in a habitat.
Abiotic factors – Non-living factors that affect a community.
Biotic factors – Living factors that affect a community.

5. Check: Complete the exam style questions below to check your knowledge. If you struggle to answer the questions go back and read your mind map again and
then have another try!
Biology
Topic 1 – Cells
1. Recall the 3 extra parts found in a plant cell but not
an animal cell
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2. Explain the function of the cell membrane
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3. Explain how to use a microscope to view an eyelash
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4. A microscope has an eyepiece lens with magnification
x10 and an objective lens with a magnification of x30.
Calculate the total magnification for the microscope
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Topic 2 – Reproduction
1. Recall the part of the male reproductive system where
sperm is produced
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2. Explain what happens at the end of the menstrual
cycle (day 28)
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3. Explain how an embryo is formed
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4. Explain how an egg cell and a sperm cell are adapted to
suit their functions
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Topic 3 – Ecology
1. Recall the equation for photosynthesis
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2. Explain one factor that affects the rate of
photosynthesis
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3. Define abiotic factors and give an example
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4. Describe how to test a leaf for starch
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6. What: Read the facts below from the particles topic.
Chemistry - Particles
How: Cover over the facts and make a mind map of everything you can
remember. Then look at the facts again and add anything you missed in a
different coloured pen.
State changes
Solid  Liquid  Gas
The particles gain
energy (from heat)
and start to move
around more (more
kinetic energy) and
the particles spread
out.
Gas  Liquid  Solid
The particles lose
energy (from cooling)
and start to move
around less (less
kinetic energy) and
the particles get
closer together.
Particles
State
changes
States of
matter
Separation
techniques
Solid
Regular
arrangement,
close together,
vibrating.
Liquid
Irregular
arrangement
, close
together and
moving.
Gas
Random
arrangement,
far apart and
moving fast in
all directions.
Separation techniques
Filtration
Used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid. The
mixture is passed through the filter paper, the solid
(residue) is trapped in the filter paper and the liquid
(filtrate) passes through and collects in a beaker.
Evaporation
Used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid. The solution
is heated and the liquid evaporates away leaving the solid
behind.
Chromatography
Used to separate soluble substances from each other such
as ink and dyes. The ink is places on the baseline of the
chromatography paper and the paper is placed in water,
with the water level below the baseline. As the water rises
the ink dissolves and separates into different components.

7. What: Read the facts below from the atoms and bonding topic.
Chemistry – Atoms and bonding
How: Cover over the facts and make a mind map of everything you can
remember. Then look at the facts again and add anything you missed in a
different coloured pen.
Charge of atoms
All atoms are neutral
because they contain the
same amount of positive
protons and negative
electrons.
The periodic
table
Calculating
PEN
Atoms and
bonding
Atom
structure
Compounds
and mixtures
Subatomic
particle
Mass Charge
Protons 1 +1
Neutrons 1 0
Electrons 0.0005 -1
The periodic table
Arranged into groups (columns) and periods (rows).
Each element has its own unique symbol as shown
below.
The mass number = Number of
protons + number of neutrons
The atomic number = Number of
protons (equal to the number of electrons).
Calculating PEN
Protons = atomic number
Electrons = atomic number
Neutrons = mass – atomic number
Example: Protons = 6
Electrons = 6
Neutrons = 6
Electron configuration
How the electrons are
arranged on the shells.
Shell 1 = Max. 2 electrons
Shell 2 = Max. 8 electrons
Shell 3 = Max. 8 electrons
Example: Carbon (6
electrons)
Compounds Two or more atoms chemically joined
together.
Mixtures Two or more elements or compounds not
joined together.

8. What: Read the facts below from the chemical reactions topic.
Chemistry – Chemical reactions
How: Cover over the facts and make a mind map of everything you can
remember. Then look at the facts again and add anything you missed in a
different coloured pen.
Equations
Equations always have the format of: reactant  products
Reactants are the things you add together in a chemical reaction, they go before the
arrow in an equation. Products are the things you make in a chemical reaction, they
go after the arrow in an equation.
Example word equation: Magnesium + Oxygen  Magnesium oxide
Example symbol equation: 2Mg + O2  2MgO
Symbol equations must be balanced. This means that there has to be an equal number
of each atom in the reactants and in the products.
Some reactions are reversible, they are shown by the reversible reaction arrow:
Chemical
reactions
Chemical and
physical changes
Complete and
incomplete
combustion
Equations
Chemical and physical changes
• During a physical change there is no new product made and the change is
reversible. An example of a physical change would be a state change such as
melting.
• During a chemical change a new product is formed and the change is irreversible.
An example of a chemical change would be baking a cake.
Complete and incomplete combustion
• Complete combustion occurs when there is enough oxygen for the fuel to burn
completely. The products of complete combustion are carbon dioxide and water.
• There are problems associated with these products; carbon dioxide is a
greenhouse gas and water vapor can cause damp and mould.
• Incomplete combustion occurs when there is not enough oxygen for fuel to burn
completely. There are extra products formed; carbon monoxide and carbon soot.
• There are problems with these products; carbon monoxide is a toxic gas and
carbon soot can clog pipes and lead to fires, it can also damage lungs if inhaled.

9. Check: Complete the exam style questions below to check your knowledge. If you struggle to answer the questions go back and read your mind map again and
then have another try!
Chemistry
Topic 1 – Particles
1. Order the three states of matter from the most to
least energy
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2. Describe the changes in the movement and energy of
the particles when a substance evaporates
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3. Explain how to separate a mixture of sand and water
using filtration and identify the residue and filtrate.
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4. Identify the state change when a solid turns to a gas
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5. Identify the separation technique used to separate
inks
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Topic 2 – Atoms and bonding
1. Describe the structure of an atom
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2. Calculate the PEN for Lithium
Protons =
Electrons =
Neutrons =
3. Sodium has a mass number of 23 and
an atomic number of 11. Draw the
electron configuration of Sodium.
4. Explain the difference between an element and a
compound
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5. Recall the mass and charge of a proton
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Topic 3 – Chemical reactions
1. Hydrogen + Oxygen  Water
Identify the reactants and products in this reaction
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2. Explain the difference between a chemical and
physical change
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3. Identify the products of complete combustion
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4. Describe the problems with the products of
incomplete combustion
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10. What: Read the facts below from the energy topic.
Physics - Energy
How: Cover over the facts and make a mind map of everything you can
remember. Then look at the facts again and add anything you missed in a
different coloured pen.
Energy
Energy
transformations
Types of
energy
Thermal
energy
movement
Energy transformations
Energy is not created or destroyed. It
changes from one type to another, this is
called conservation of energy. When
energy changes from one type to another
this is called an energy transfer. We can
identify energy transfers for different
objects.
Efficiency
Efficiency is a measure of how much of
the input energy is transferred into
useful output energy.
The higher the % the better!
Example: A hair straightener requires
200J of electrical energy. 100J of this
energy is converted to heat. What is the
efficiency?
100
200
x 100 = 50%
Movement of thermal energy
Thermal energy can move from a
hot area to a cold area by three
different methods; conduction,
convection and radiation. If heat
passes through a material easily it
is called a conductor, if it does not
pass through easily it is called an
insulator.
Types of energy
Kinetic: Movement energy e.g. cars
Chemical: stored energy e.g.
batteries, food
Thermal: Heat energy e.g. fire, bulb
Elastic: Stretching energy e.g. spring
Nuclear: Energy in bonds e.g. nuclear
bomb
Light: Light energy e.g. sun
Electrical: Energy that flows around a
circuit e.g. Xbox
GPE: Height energy e.g. rollercoaster
at the top
Sound: Noise energy e.g. ringing phone
Efficiency

11. What: Read the facts below from the waves topic.
Physics – Waves
How: Cover over the facts and make a mind map of everything you can
remember. Then look at the facts again and add anything you missed in a
different coloured pen.
Transverse
waves
Speed of a
wave
Waves
Labelling
waves
Longitudinal
waves
Transverse and longitudinal waves
All waves transfer energy and information (nothing else)! Waves move energy from
one place to another. There are two types of wave; transverse and longitudinal.
Frequency The number of waves per
second. Measured in Hertz
(HZ)
Wavelength The length of ONE wave.
Measured in metres (m)
Amplitude The height from the
middle of the wave to the
top. Measured in meters
(m).
Transverse
Vibrations are at
right angles to the
direction of the wave.
Examples: EM waves,
light, water waves
Longitudinal
Vibrations are parallel
to the direction of
the wave.
Example: Sound
Speed of a wave
There are two equations for
calculating speed of a wave. The
equation you use will depend on
he information you have been given.

12. What: Read the facts below from the forces and motion topic.
Physics – forces and motion
How: Cover over the facts and make a mind map of everything you can
remember. Then look at the facts again and add anything you missed in a
different coloured pen.
Forces +
Motion
Resultant
force
Terminal
velocity
Forces
Forces
Forces are all vector quantities. They have both size and direction. Examples of
common forces are:
Resultant force
• When forces are balanced there is no resultant force and the object will be
stationary or travelling at a constant velocity (steady speed).
• When forces are unbalanced there will be a resultant force and the object will be
accelerating, decelerating or changing direction.
• Resultant force is the overall force acting on a object
• Example:
Terminal velocity
1. When an object first falls, air resistance is very small compared to weight. This
means there is a large resultant force downwards and the object will accelerate.
2. As it accelerates air resistance increases. The forces are still unbalanced but
not as much as before. The object therefore still accelerates but not as much.
3. Eventually air resistance increases so that it is the same size as the weight.
This means the forces are now balanced and the object travels at a constant
velocity. This steady speed is known as its terminal velocity.

13. Check: Complete the exam style questions below to check your knowledge. If you struggle to answer the questions go back and read your mind map again and
then have another try!
Physics
Topic 1 – Energy
1. Identify the type of energy stored in the following
objects
Rollercoaster at the top of the track:____________
A ball rolling across the floor: _________________
A cheeseburger: ___________________________
An elastic band: ___________________________
2. Describe the energy transformation for a kettle being
boiled
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3. A television requires 1000J of electrical energy. 300J
of this energy is converted to heat. The rest is
converted to light and sound. Calculate the efficiency
of the TV
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4. State the word to describe a material that does not
conduct electricity or heat well
_______________________________
Topic 2 – Waves
1. Identify the wavelength and amplitude on this wave
a =
b =
2. Define frequency
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3. Explain the difference between transverse and
longitudinal waves
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4. Calculate the speed of a wave that has a wavelength of
12m and a frequency of 2Hz
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Topic 3 – Forces and motion
1. Identify the force which pushes a boat forwards
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2. Identify the forces acting on the duck which is
floating on the water
3. Calculate the resultant force acting on the car
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4. Explain what is meant by terminal velocity
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120N 70N