The respiratory system (or ventilatory system) is the biological system that introduces respiratory gases to the interior and performs gas exchange. In humans and other mammals, the anatomical features of the respiratory system include airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles. Molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous external environment and the blood. This exchange process occurs in the alveolar region of the lungs

1. Components of the Respiratory system
Author: Dr. Robert D. Craig, Ph.D.
Aim: What are the components of the Respiratory system?
Learning objective: to investigate components and primary functions of the
human body’s Respiratory system? (i.e. the lungs, trachea, Bronchial tubes
and aveoli)
Learning standards:
1. Show that the general functions of the respiratory system are to deliver oxygen to
the tissues
2. Demonstrate that there is oxygen in the air we breathe.
3. Students will know the importance of cellular respiration,
4. Students will show that carbon dioxide is exhaled from the body.
5. Students will know that this system takes in oxygen to cells and releases
carbon dioxide.
6. Students will know that this system is used to provide oxygen to the entire
body.
Materials: Handouts,
Procedure:
Teacher will Handout do now.
Teacher will illicit student response. A worksheet will be completed by students.
Teacher will review Respiratory system and its components.
Assessment:
Students will have completed do now, complete definitions and worksheet. Students will
also complete questions in a final assessment.

2. When you exhale or breathe out, your skeletal muscles and diaphragm return to the relax
position which decrease the size of the chest cavity and therefore pushes the air out of the
lungs. The rib cage serves as a structural support for the whole thoracic arrangement, and
peural membranes help provide lubrication for the respiratory organs so that they are not
chaffed during respiration. The air we exhale contains 100 times more carbon dioxide
than inhaled air. In a resting position a healthy individual will inhale and exhale
approximately 16 time per minute.
The upper respiratory tract includes the nostrils, the nasal passages, pharynx, larynx
and the trachea. The lower respiratory tract is made up of the bronchi, bronchioles, and
alveoli, all of which reside within the lungs of the horse.
A complete, schematic view of the human respiratory

3. Name:_________________________
Period:_________________Date:_______________
Nose
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Trachea
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Pharynx:
_______________________________________________________________________
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Larynx:
_______________________________________________________________________
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Bronchi:
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
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Bronchioles:
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
Alveoli:

4. _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
Teacher Guide: Health concerns: Asthma, and Bronchitis
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi.
More specifically, it may refer to:
• Acute bronchitis, caused by viruses or bacteria and lasting several days or weeks
• Chronic bronchitis, a persistent, productive cough lasting at least three months in
two consecutive years.
In bronchitis, the membranes lining the larger bronchial tubes become inflamed and an
excessive amount of mucus is produced. The person with bronchitis develops a bad
cough to get rid of the mucus.
Asthma can be aggravated by exposure to air pollution. Asthma causes the lung's
bronchial tubes (airways) to become inflamed and swollen, blocking the flow of air and
causing symptoms like wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath.
The exact cause of asthma is unknown, but it appears to be the result of a complex
interaction of three factors:
1. Predisposing factors, such as atopy - a tendency to have an allergic reaction to
foreign substances.
2. Causal factors, which may sensitize the airways, such as cat and other animal
dander, dust mites, cockroaches, or workplace contaminants.
3. Contributing factors, which may include maternal cigarette smoking during
pregnancy or exposure to cigarette smoke as a child, respiratory infections, and
indoor and outdoor air quality.
Air pollution affects many parts of the global ecosystem including:
• Soil and Water;
• Vegetation; and
• Wildlife

5. Air Pollution Issues of Concern
A wide variety of air pollutants and air issues affect the natural functioning of the
ecosystem.
• The quality of the soil and water are significantly affected by acid rain and its
contributing pollutants.
• The health of wildlife is compromised by pollutants such as mercury that affect
habitat and food quality.
• Vegetation health and productivity is harmed by a variety of pollutants, including
ground-level ozone.
• Our ability to experience the environment is affected by air pollution and, in
particular, smog. For instance, poor visibility and haze as a result of smog can
greatly reduce our ability to see the surrounding landscape clearly. This is an
important concern for parks and protected areas.
• Climate change, as a result of the release of greenhouse gases, has the potential
to dramatically impact global ecosystems, weather conditions, water levels, and
life on earth.
Damage from air pollution is not always localized. The long range transport of pollutants
can mean that soils, water, plants and animals can be affected far away from sources of
pollutants.
Assessment:
Students will be able to answer the following questions:
1. What are the chief functions of the respiratory system?
2. Why do we need to breathe?
3. What's in the air we breathe?
4. How do you know there is oxygen in the air we breathe?
5. What would happen if your oxygen ran out?
6. What happens to the air once it's in the lungs?
7. What is cellular metabolic activity?

6. 8. What is the primary gaseous waste product of cellular metabolic
activity?
9. What's the stuff that comes out when you exhale?
10. What is lung capacity?
11. What happens in the plastic bottle as you exhale into the rubber tubing?
12. What effect does exercise have on the volume of air? Explain