Practical Research 2

1. PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

2. CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

3. METHODOLOGY
Chapter 3 should have the following:
• Research Design
• Source of Data
• Data Gathering Procedure
• Statistical Treatment
• Procedure

4. RESEARCH DESIGN
Research design refers to the overall plan and scheme for
conducting the study.

5. TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGN
1. Descriptive Research Design
2. Experimental Research Design
3. Historical Research Design

6. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN
The purpose of this design is to describe the status of an
identified variable such as events, people, or subjects as hey
exist.

7. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN
• Descriptive-Normative Surveys – describe trends in a large
population of individuals.
• Correlational Research Studies – estimates the extent to
which different variables are related to one another in the
population of interest.

8. • Descriptive-Evaluative Studies – the purpose of this design
is to judge the “goodness of a criterion measure”.
• Longitudinal studies – establish the changes in a
criterion measure over a long period of time.
• Cross-Sectional studies – designed to evaluate changes
over time by comparing at the same point in time,
different people representing different stages in
development.

9. • Assessment/Evaluation Studies – attempts to determine
the effectiveness or efficiency of certain practices or
policies when applied to a group of respondents.
• Descriptive-Comparative studies – establish significant
differences between 2 or more groups pf subjects on the
basis of a criterion measure. No attempts to control the
effects of the extraneous factors are made.

10. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN
Experimental studies are also known as longitudinal or
repeated-measures studies. Experimental research design
uses the scientific method to establish the cause-effect
relationship among a group of variables in the study.

11. An independent variable is manipulated to determine the
effects on the dependent variables. Subjects are randomly
assigned to experimental treatments rather than in
naturally occurring groups.

12. • Pre-Test/Post-Test Control Group Design – requires 2
groups of equivalent standing terms of criterion measure
e.g. achievement or mentality.
• Single Group Pre-Test/Post-Test Design – a single group is
given a pre-test followed by the treatment, and then the
post-test.

13. HISTORICAL RESEARCH DESIGN
The purpose of this design is to collect, verify, and
synthesize evidence from the past to establish facts that
defend or refute your hypothesis; utilizes secondary data.

14. SOURCE OF DATA
This part of the paper reveals where the data of the study
was taken.

15. DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
The researcher explains in detail how the data was gathered
(whether he/she used research instrument such as survey
questionnaire or requested data from agencies).

16. STATISTICAL TREATMENT
The statistical methodology to be used in the study is
explained in this part.

17. PROCEDURE
The researcher explains in detail the procedure to be done
from gathering the data to analyzing it using the proposed
statistical treatment.