The document provides context about theatre in the late 19th century, including developments such as longer shows, copyright, and repertory theatre companies. It discusses props and costumes of the time period, including bustles and corsets for women's fashion. Theatre makeup was evolving with the introduction of greasepaint. Lighting advances like gas lamps, limelight, and dimming allowed audiences to better see performances. Jarry's controversial play Ubu Roi caused riots at its 1896 opening due to its crude language and satirization of royalty. Social classes in 19th century Paris included the upper, middle, and lower/working classes, with the latter living in unsanitary conditions.
Communication its nature, attributes & purposeAnita Kumari
Communication involves the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information through various means such as speech, writing, visuals, or signals. It is defined as the transfer of information from one person to another that must be understandable to the receiver. Effective communication requires the receiver to understand the exact idea or information the sender intended to transmit. Communication is a two-way process that requires knowledge of language and a meeting of minds between the sender and receiver. It can occur through both verbal and non-verbal means and is a continuous process that aims to exchange ideas, feelings, and knowledge between two or more parties.
Don Juan (jew-ən; see below) is a satiric poem[1] by Lord Byron, based on the legend of Don Juan, which Byron reverses, portraying Juan not as a womaniser but as someone easily seduced by women. It is a variation on the epic form. Byron himself called it an "Epic Satire" (Don Juan, c. xiv, st. 99). Byron completed 16 cantos, leaving an unfinished 17th canto before his death in 1824. Byron claimed he had no ideas in his mind as to what would happen in subsequent cantos as he wrote his work.
The document provides guidance on writing a radio script. It discusses making the script engaging for listeners by grabbing their attention and telling a story with a beginning, middle, and end. The script should have a conversational style and be visual, concise, energetic and mix up sentence structures. Transitions between narration and audio clips should be written. Proper formatting is also important, with labels for narration, audio clips and ambient noise or music. Numbers and abbreviations should be written out to aid clear reading aloud.
The document is a student paper about Daniel Defoe's novel Robinson Crusoe. It discusses key elements of the novel, including that it is an adventure story written in the first and third person about a man named Robinson Crusoe who is shipwrecked and lives in isolation on an island for many years. The paper notes that Defoe uses the story to create a moral tale, with Crusoe's disobedience of his father seen as an "original sin" and his later isolation a punishment from God. While isolated, Crusoe experiences religious visions and realizes God has forgiven his sins. He later rescues a native man called Friday from his island and teaches him about Christianity.
This document provides an analysis of Gerard Manley Hopkins' poem "The Wreck of the Deutschland" in 10 sections. It summarizes each stanza, highlighting key words and biblical allusions. The poem describes a shipwreck that killed 80 people, including 5 nuns, relating it to God's dealings with Hopkins and establishing a foundation for Christ's purpose in coming through his life and sufferings. The analysis explores theological themes of mystery, faith, salvation and God's sovereignty through nature images and biblical references in the poem.
Born- 1929 Died- 1993
Fluent in 5 languages- English, Kannada, Telugu, Sanskrit, Tamil
Awards- Sahitya Akademi for his collected poems
Themes- Indian culture, death, family
Held comprehensive knowledge of Indian Mythology
Influence of “Tamil Tradition”
Belief- True suffering, and sorrow brings out poetry
Communication its nature, attributes & purposeAnita Kumari
Communication involves the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information through various means such as speech, writing, visuals, or signals. It is defined as the transfer of information from one person to another that must be understandable to the receiver. Effective communication requires the receiver to understand the exact idea or information the sender intended to transmit. Communication is a two-way process that requires knowledge of language and a meeting of minds between the sender and receiver. It can occur through both verbal and non-verbal means and is a continuous process that aims to exchange ideas, feelings, and knowledge between two or more parties.
Don Juan (jew-ən; see below) is a satiric poem[1] by Lord Byron, based on the legend of Don Juan, which Byron reverses, portraying Juan not as a womaniser but as someone easily seduced by women. It is a variation on the epic form. Byron himself called it an "Epic Satire" (Don Juan, c. xiv, st. 99). Byron completed 16 cantos, leaving an unfinished 17th canto before his death in 1824. Byron claimed he had no ideas in his mind as to what would happen in subsequent cantos as he wrote his work.
The document provides guidance on writing a radio script. It discusses making the script engaging for listeners by grabbing their attention and telling a story with a beginning, middle, and end. The script should have a conversational style and be visual, concise, energetic and mix up sentence structures. Transitions between narration and audio clips should be written. Proper formatting is also important, with labels for narration, audio clips and ambient noise or music. Numbers and abbreviations should be written out to aid clear reading aloud.
The document is a student paper about Daniel Defoe's novel Robinson Crusoe. It discusses key elements of the novel, including that it is an adventure story written in the first and third person about a man named Robinson Crusoe who is shipwrecked and lives in isolation on an island for many years. The paper notes that Defoe uses the story to create a moral tale, with Crusoe's disobedience of his father seen as an "original sin" and his later isolation a punishment from God. While isolated, Crusoe experiences religious visions and realizes God has forgiven his sins. He later rescues a native man called Friday from his island and teaches him about Christianity.
This document provides an analysis of Gerard Manley Hopkins' poem "The Wreck of the Deutschland" in 10 sections. It summarizes each stanza, highlighting key words and biblical allusions. The poem describes a shipwreck that killed 80 people, including 5 nuns, relating it to God's dealings with Hopkins and establishing a foundation for Christ's purpose in coming through his life and sufferings. The analysis explores theological themes of mystery, faith, salvation and God's sovereignty through nature images and biblical references in the poem.
Born- 1929 Died- 1993
Fluent in 5 languages- English, Kannada, Telugu, Sanskrit, Tamil
Awards- Sahitya Akademi for his collected poems
Themes- Indian culture, death, family
Held comprehensive knowledge of Indian Mythology
Influence of “Tamil Tradition”
Belief- True suffering, and sorrow brings out poetry
Voice & style in Writing by Darsie BowdenDoha Zallag
The main goal of the presentation was to firstly, discuss the complex meaning of “voice” in writing: what is understood by “finding our own voice”, the relationship this concept entertains with “style”, and finally the important value of having a voice. As many have agreed on, the term is mainly used by teachers, professional writers and students usually to refer to a feature of style in composition and is also known as a metaphor for a persona, style or tone.
Resource: Clark, I. (2011). Concepts in Composition: Theory and Practice in the Teaching of Writing (2nd Edition). 1st ed. Taylor and Francis, chapter 7.
Corona says converted ( a pdf file) / It's all about the pandemic Cororna an...Sudip Bagchi
This poem is composed by A Nepali poet Vishnu S.Rai. This poem is an eye opener to the human beings . As the title is clear, here we find corona saying something to human beings. Corona is the speaker.
Hundreds of thousands of lives have gone due to this pandemic along with economic ruin. But here the speaker rejects the blame of the destruction upon it self. The speaker says that humans are responsible for the advent of corona in this world. It was invited here. It didn't come on its own. Corona is the product of irrational and irresponsible behaviour of humans towards nature.
Humans think themselves to be the master of the earth and atmosphere, and trifles with nature. Humans should know that the earth is not made for them only, it is a common shared habitat of all the living and not living things.
The irony is that human beings think that they know every thing, but they don't know themselves well. So corona suggests humans to know themselves well.
Finally the speaker warns humans saying that if still they don't correct themselves, many more such epidemics and pandemics will visit the world again again.
The document provides a summary of several chapters from the picaresque novel "El Buscón" by Francisco de Quevedo. It describes the origins and upbringing of the protagonist Pablos, including his thief father and witch/prostitute mother. It then details some of Pablos' early exploits and schemes as he tries unsuccessfully to better his low social status, such as attempting to woo and trap a wealthy wife through deception. His plans are continuously undermined by his lack of noble birth and he resorts to jobs like gambling and begging to survive.
The document discusses various propaganda techniques including bandwagon, loaded terms, testimonial, name-calling, and plain folks. It provides examples of each technique. Students are then assigned the task of creating an advertisement using PowerPoint to persuade the black community to boycott the Wallace Store. They are to use one of the propaganda techniques discussed and at least one literary device from a previous class. A rubric is also provided to evaluate the assignments.
Composed on Westminster Bridge by William WordsworthKieran Hamilton
The document provides context and analysis of William Wordsworth's poem "Composed on Westminster Bridge". It summarizes that the poem was inspired by Wordsworth's view of London from Westminster Bridge on a summer morning in 1802, when the city was still asleep. It then analyzes the poem's Petrarchan sonnet form, its contrast of the natural beauty of the morning with the man-made city, and how it exemplifies Wordsworth's Romantic ideals through its praise and personification of nature.
Adidat- قصة حياة الداعية الاسلامي احمد ديدات في كتاب باللغة الانجليزية Proscheck
Ahmed Deedat was a renowned Muslim missionary from South Africa who gained global fame for his public debates defending Islam against Christianity. Through his oratory skills and thorough knowledge of religious texts, Deedat attracted large audiences around the world and inspired many Muslims, including the author of this document. While Deedat is no longer living, his legacy continues as many seek out his written works and recordings online and through organizations like the Islamic Propagation Centre that he helped establish.
This document discusses Aristotle's three unities of drama: unity of action, place, and time. It provides examples of plays that follow each unity and defines what each unity entails. The unity of action means a play should have one main plotline. Unity of place means a play should take place in one physical location. Unity of time means the action of a play should occur within a 24-hour period. The document also discusses John Dryden's view that the unities were too restrictive and prevented plays from accurately portraying human nature.
Andie Coulson proposes directing a production of Alfred Jarry's controversial play "Ubu Cuckolded" using a cast of 20-30 young actors with experience in physical theater. She plans to reinterpret the absurdist work for a modern audience in a way that educates through humor and reflection on current social issues like the London riots. By having the actors play both children and adults, Coulson aims to use the innate innocence and questioning of youth to interrogate adult conventions through this lens of "child's play". Physicality and improvisation will be emphasized over elaborate costumes or sets to immerse the audience in this reinvented vision.
The document discusses different aspects of nationalism including:
1) Liberal nationalism which assumes nations exist naturally and leaders emphasize common culture and external threats to build national identity.
2) Examples of nationalist music from Italy and England that came to represent national identity and pride.
3) Yael Tamir's book on liberal nationalism which argues nations form the basis of our lives and individuals need national identity to lead meaningful lives while prioritizing individual choice of identity.
4) Key ideas of early liberal nationalists like Mazzini who wanted independent democratic nation-states and Renan's view of nationality as a will to live together.
This document discusses the context surrounding William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet from multiple perspectives. It examines the original 16th century Elizabethan English context, where theatre was a main form of entertainment. It also looks at the modern 21st century context of today's readers in school. Finally, it analyzes the original context of Romeo and Juliet, set in a world where marriage was arranged and going against social order caused chaos, compared to Baz Luhrmann's 1996 film adaptation set in a modern city culture with emphasis on media, violence, and wealth.
The document summarizes research from BC Open Educational Resource (OER) Research Fellows on student experiences with and perceptions of open textbooks. It includes results from surveys of students in a Physics 100 course at UBC and a broader survey of BC post-secondary students who used open textbooks. The surveys found that open textbooks saved students money on textbooks and most students rated the quality of open textbooks as the same or better than traditional textbooks. However, some students still preferred traditional textbooks. Contact information and a link to slides are provided at the end.
La Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba es una antigua mezquita construida en el siglo VIII que posteriormente fue convertida en catedral cristiana en el siglo XVI. Es uno de los edificios más importantes de la arquitectura andalusí por su impresionante estructura de arcos de herradura y columnas que sostienen la techumbre de la nave principal. Actualmente es tanto un lugar de culto católico como un destacado monumento histórico y arquitectónico de España.
Mary Lennox was born in India to a British father and beautiful mother. When both of her parents and her Indian servant Kamala died, Mary was sent to live with her uncle Mr. Archibald Craven in his large, neglected house in Yorkshire, England. Mary is described as having a thin, angry face and thin yellow hair. She finds the housekeeper Mrs. Medlock to be cross and unpleasant, but likes Martha, the happy housekeeper.
Jones, "Philosophers and the Poor" and Vice, "How Do I Live in This Strange P...Christina Hendricks
This set of slides is for a class called Introduction to Philosophy at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, BC, Canada. It is about two articles, given on the title slide. The Jones article is about what value academic philosophy can have for those living on poverty, and the Vice article is about how white people in South Africa should approach their privileged position, even after apartheid has ended.
Pilot study: Longitudinal analysis of peer feedback in a writing-intensive co...Christina Hendricks
Results of research on students' use of peer comments for improving later essays (rather than drafts of the same essay). Presented at the Festival of Learning in Burnaby, BC, Canada in June 2016.
A financial lecture I gave back in 2007 with Dr. Arjun Chanmugam for the Johns Hopkins ED Interest Group. I have no memory of this until I saw the slides
María Renee Orellana Espinoza outlines her future goals which include attending university, becoming a teacher, and graduating from 6th grade. She also plans to travel to Europe when older, work with her father, and open her own school.
1. El documento analiza la influencia de la música reggaetón en los jóvenes y el debate que genera esta temática.
2. Por un lado, algunos estudios muestran que letras violentas pueden influir en el comportamiento de los jóvenes, pero otros expertos consideran que escuchar música no representa necesariamente un peligro y hace parte del desarrollo individual.
3. También existe un conflicto generacional pues las normas de los adultos y jóvenes son diferentes y ambos deben adaptarse a los cambios sin abolir del todo
Voice & style in Writing by Darsie BowdenDoha Zallag
The main goal of the presentation was to firstly, discuss the complex meaning of “voice” in writing: what is understood by “finding our own voice”, the relationship this concept entertains with “style”, and finally the important value of having a voice. As many have agreed on, the term is mainly used by teachers, professional writers and students usually to refer to a feature of style in composition and is also known as a metaphor for a persona, style or tone.
Resource: Clark, I. (2011). Concepts in Composition: Theory and Practice in the Teaching of Writing (2nd Edition). 1st ed. Taylor and Francis, chapter 7.
Corona says converted ( a pdf file) / It's all about the pandemic Cororna an...Sudip Bagchi
This poem is composed by A Nepali poet Vishnu S.Rai. This poem is an eye opener to the human beings . As the title is clear, here we find corona saying something to human beings. Corona is the speaker.
Hundreds of thousands of lives have gone due to this pandemic along with economic ruin. But here the speaker rejects the blame of the destruction upon it self. The speaker says that humans are responsible for the advent of corona in this world. It was invited here. It didn't come on its own. Corona is the product of irrational and irresponsible behaviour of humans towards nature.
Humans think themselves to be the master of the earth and atmosphere, and trifles with nature. Humans should know that the earth is not made for them only, it is a common shared habitat of all the living and not living things.
The irony is that human beings think that they know every thing, but they don't know themselves well. So corona suggests humans to know themselves well.
Finally the speaker warns humans saying that if still they don't correct themselves, many more such epidemics and pandemics will visit the world again again.
The document provides a summary of several chapters from the picaresque novel "El Buscón" by Francisco de Quevedo. It describes the origins and upbringing of the protagonist Pablos, including his thief father and witch/prostitute mother. It then details some of Pablos' early exploits and schemes as he tries unsuccessfully to better his low social status, such as attempting to woo and trap a wealthy wife through deception. His plans are continuously undermined by his lack of noble birth and he resorts to jobs like gambling and begging to survive.
The document discusses various propaganda techniques including bandwagon, loaded terms, testimonial, name-calling, and plain folks. It provides examples of each technique. Students are then assigned the task of creating an advertisement using PowerPoint to persuade the black community to boycott the Wallace Store. They are to use one of the propaganda techniques discussed and at least one literary device from a previous class. A rubric is also provided to evaluate the assignments.
Composed on Westminster Bridge by William WordsworthKieran Hamilton
The document provides context and analysis of William Wordsworth's poem "Composed on Westminster Bridge". It summarizes that the poem was inspired by Wordsworth's view of London from Westminster Bridge on a summer morning in 1802, when the city was still asleep. It then analyzes the poem's Petrarchan sonnet form, its contrast of the natural beauty of the morning with the man-made city, and how it exemplifies Wordsworth's Romantic ideals through its praise and personification of nature.
Adidat- قصة حياة الداعية الاسلامي احمد ديدات في كتاب باللغة الانجليزية Proscheck
Ahmed Deedat was a renowned Muslim missionary from South Africa who gained global fame for his public debates defending Islam against Christianity. Through his oratory skills and thorough knowledge of religious texts, Deedat attracted large audiences around the world and inspired many Muslims, including the author of this document. While Deedat is no longer living, his legacy continues as many seek out his written works and recordings online and through organizations like the Islamic Propagation Centre that he helped establish.
This document discusses Aristotle's three unities of drama: unity of action, place, and time. It provides examples of plays that follow each unity and defines what each unity entails. The unity of action means a play should have one main plotline. Unity of place means a play should take place in one physical location. Unity of time means the action of a play should occur within a 24-hour period. The document also discusses John Dryden's view that the unities were too restrictive and prevented plays from accurately portraying human nature.
Andie Coulson proposes directing a production of Alfred Jarry's controversial play "Ubu Cuckolded" using a cast of 20-30 young actors with experience in physical theater. She plans to reinterpret the absurdist work for a modern audience in a way that educates through humor and reflection on current social issues like the London riots. By having the actors play both children and adults, Coulson aims to use the innate innocence and questioning of youth to interrogate adult conventions through this lens of "child's play". Physicality and improvisation will be emphasized over elaborate costumes or sets to immerse the audience in this reinvented vision.
The document discusses different aspects of nationalism including:
1) Liberal nationalism which assumes nations exist naturally and leaders emphasize common culture and external threats to build national identity.
2) Examples of nationalist music from Italy and England that came to represent national identity and pride.
3) Yael Tamir's book on liberal nationalism which argues nations form the basis of our lives and individuals need national identity to lead meaningful lives while prioritizing individual choice of identity.
4) Key ideas of early liberal nationalists like Mazzini who wanted independent democratic nation-states and Renan's view of nationality as a will to live together.
This document discusses the context surrounding William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet from multiple perspectives. It examines the original 16th century Elizabethan English context, where theatre was a main form of entertainment. It also looks at the modern 21st century context of today's readers in school. Finally, it analyzes the original context of Romeo and Juliet, set in a world where marriage was arranged and going against social order caused chaos, compared to Baz Luhrmann's 1996 film adaptation set in a modern city culture with emphasis on media, violence, and wealth.
The document summarizes research from BC Open Educational Resource (OER) Research Fellows on student experiences with and perceptions of open textbooks. It includes results from surveys of students in a Physics 100 course at UBC and a broader survey of BC post-secondary students who used open textbooks. The surveys found that open textbooks saved students money on textbooks and most students rated the quality of open textbooks as the same or better than traditional textbooks. However, some students still preferred traditional textbooks. Contact information and a link to slides are provided at the end.
La Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba es una antigua mezquita construida en el siglo VIII que posteriormente fue convertida en catedral cristiana en el siglo XVI. Es uno de los edificios más importantes de la arquitectura andalusí por su impresionante estructura de arcos de herradura y columnas que sostienen la techumbre de la nave principal. Actualmente es tanto un lugar de culto católico como un destacado monumento histórico y arquitectónico de España.
Mary Lennox was born in India to a British father and beautiful mother. When both of her parents and her Indian servant Kamala died, Mary was sent to live with her uncle Mr. Archibald Craven in his large, neglected house in Yorkshire, England. Mary is described as having a thin, angry face and thin yellow hair. She finds the housekeeper Mrs. Medlock to be cross and unpleasant, but likes Martha, the happy housekeeper.
Jones, "Philosophers and the Poor" and Vice, "How Do I Live in This Strange P...Christina Hendricks
This set of slides is for a class called Introduction to Philosophy at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, BC, Canada. It is about two articles, given on the title slide. The Jones article is about what value academic philosophy can have for those living on poverty, and the Vice article is about how white people in South Africa should approach their privileged position, even after apartheid has ended.
Pilot study: Longitudinal analysis of peer feedback in a writing-intensive co...Christina Hendricks
Results of research on students' use of peer comments for improving later essays (rather than drafts of the same essay). Presented at the Festival of Learning in Burnaby, BC, Canada in June 2016.
A financial lecture I gave back in 2007 with Dr. Arjun Chanmugam for the Johns Hopkins ED Interest Group. I have no memory of this until I saw the slides
María Renee Orellana Espinoza outlines her future goals which include attending university, becoming a teacher, and graduating from 6th grade. She also plans to travel to Europe when older, work with her father, and open her own school.
1. El documento analiza la influencia de la música reggaetón en los jóvenes y el debate que genera esta temática.
2. Por un lado, algunos estudios muestran que letras violentas pueden influir en el comportamiento de los jóvenes, pero otros expertos consideran que escuchar música no representa necesariamente un peligro y hace parte del desarrollo individual.
3. También existe un conflicto generacional pues las normas de los adultos y jóvenes son diferentes y ambos deben adaptarse a los cambios sin abolir del todo
Slides for a short presentation on open leadership for OCLMOOC, an open, online course for educators in Alberta, Canada. Archive of this session on Blackboard Collaborate can be found here: http://oclmooc.wordpress.com/archives-of-oclmooc-sessions/
The document discusses theatre in the late 19th century, including developments such as longer shows, copyright, and the rise of theatre companies. It also discusses costumes and props of the time period. Specifically, it notes that men's fashion included starched shirts and coats, while women's fashion featured bustles and corsets. The document also discusses theatre makeup of the 1890s, noting the use of greasepaint and developments in lighting. Finally, it provides context on living conditions in Paris in the 19th century, noting dirty and unsanitary conditions, especially for the lower classes.
Presentation What Does History Do For Theatreguest4b4e29
The document summarizes the Italian theatrical movement known as Commedia Dell'Arte and its influence on theatre history. It discusses how Commedia Dell'Arte originated in 15th century Italy and used improvised comedy, stock characters, and physical humor. The movement brought theatre to the masses and influenced later playwrights and theatre styles. Key developments included the use of masks, improvisation, slapstick comedy, and stock characters that can still be seen in modern entertainment.
What Does History Do For Theatre and what does Theatre do for HistoryRubertDoo
The document summarizes the Italian theatrical movement known as Commedia Dell'Arte and its influence on theatre history. It discusses how Commedia Dell'Arte originated in 15th century Italy and used improvised comedy, stock characters, and physical humor. The movement brought theatre to the masses and influenced later playwrights and theatre styles. Key developments included the use of masks, improvisation, slapstick comedy, and stock characters that can still be seen in modern entertainment.
The document discusses the history of British film, theater, and cinema. It notes that the British film industry had a "golden age" in the 1940s and was influential in developing both commercial and artistic films. British theater has a long history dating back to playwrights like William Shakespeare. Key figures mentioned include Charlie Chaplin and the growth of the British film industry in the early 20th century, as well as famous modern British-influenced films.
The document discusses the history of British film, theater, and Shakespeare. It notes that the British film industry had a "golden age" in the 1940s and was influential in developing both commercial and artistic films. British theater is considered one of the country's great treasures due to William Shakespeare, who brought the art to prominence. Shakespeare wrote many famous tragedies and plays over his career that are still performed worldwide today. The West End of London and the Globe Theatre are highlighted as important historical theater locations in Britain.
The document discusses the history and evolution of musical theatre from its origins in the 19th century to modern Broadway musicals. It explores early genres like operetta, burlesque, vaudeville and revue which incorporated music, dance and comedy performances. Key early musicals discussed include The Black Crook (1866), The Beggar's Opera (1728) and blackface minstrel shows. The document examines how these genres influenced each other and led to the creation of the modern American musical. Elements that contribute to a successful musical formula are also outlined.
Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw is a play that uses satire to critique social classes and gender roles in early 20th century England. It tells the story of Henry Higgins, a phonetics expert who takes it upon himself to transform a Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, into a lady by teaching her to speak properly. Through the play, Shaw examines themes of social status, gender expectations, and whether personal identity is innate or shaped by society. He employs common satirical techniques like exaggeration, irony, and caricature to ridicule societal norms and advocate for progressive ideals.
The document discusses the impact of World War 2 on British theatre. Many theatres had to close due to bombings and blackouts during the war. ENSA was formed to provide entertainment for troops. After the war, the Theatre Workshop led by Joan Littlewood produced politically-charged plays and became very influential. Throughout the 20th century, British theatre was shaped by the two world wars and political movements.
Theatre in Britain faced many challenges during and after World War 2. Bombings during the war destroyed many theatres in London and forced productions to close. ENSA was formed to provide entertainment for troops during the war. After the war, the Workers' Theatre Movement used agitprop style to promote political messages critiquing capitalism and fascism. Joan Littlewood helped establish the influential Theatre Workshop in 1945, producing anti-war plays that broke conventions. Theatre groups explored new styles and political themes to entertain and educate audiences during this turbulent period in Britain's history.
How Musicals Have Changed In Different Periods Of TimeParnyan
The document discusses how musicals have changed across different time periods from Ancient Greek theatre to modern rock musicals. In Ancient Greece between 550-220 BC, musical plays were performed in open-air theatres for religious festivals and focused on myths and the gods. By the 18th century, Ballad Operas emerged in England and used songs within sentimental plays, targeting both upper and middle classes. Musical halls became popular in the 1830s as variety entertainment for all classes. Vaudeville shows in the late 19th to early 20th century featured many unrelated acts to entertain audiences of all statuses. Rock musicals originated in the 1960s and used rock music to differentiate from traditional musical plays.
The document provides an overview of the history of Western theatre from ancient Greek theatre to the 19th century. It discusses how Greek theatre originated as religious festivals and how playwrights like Aeschylus and Sophocles helped develop characters. Roman theatre was influenced by the Greeks but catered to rowdier audiences. Medieval European theatre consisted of religious plays performed in churches and towns. The Renaissance saw the development of the proscenium stage in Italy and the rise of Shakespeare in Elizabethan England. The 19th century brought advances in stage lighting and realism in playwriting with Ibsen, Shaw, and Chekhov.
Mime is a performance art that uses gestures and facial expressions without words. It began in ancient Greece and Rome at festivals honoring Dionysus, where actors used exaggerated movements and masks so audiences could understand the stories from far away. In medieval Europe, religious plays performed as part of church ceremonies evolved into various forms of drama. Famous mimes include Charlie Chaplin, French artists like Marcel Marceau, and contemporary mimes like Mr. Bean who rely on physical comedy without words.
The document provides an overview of pop culture in the 1900s. It discusses trends in various areas including music (ragtime, vaudeville, Broadway), dance (waltz, cakewalk, tango), fashion (corsets, long dresses, large hats), government (Theodore Roosevelt as US President, women's foot binding outlawed in China), art movements (cubism, fauvism, expressionism), popular pastimes (ping pong, speeding, teddy bears), slang terms, and early films (nickelodeons, "The Great Train Robbery"). Iconic figures of the time are also mentioned.
The document provides background on various aspects of pop culture in the 1900s. Music included ragtime, Broadway musicals, and vaudeville songs. Dancing shifted from traditional waltzes to styles like the jitterbug and tango. Fashion was formal, with women wearing corseted dresses and large hats and men suits. Government saw Theodore Roosevelt as US President and reforms in China and London. Art styles included cubism, fauvism, and expressionism. Popular fads included teddy bears and ping pong, while films were short and shown in nickelodeons.
William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright widely considered the greatest writer in the English language. He wrote 37 plays and 154 sonnets. Some key facts about Shakespeare's life are that he was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and married Anne Hathaway at age 18, having three children. He went on to have a successful career writing plays in London before returning to Stratford, where he died in 1616.
William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. He wrote comedies, tragedies, and histories that are considered some of the greatest works in English literature. Shakespeare was inspired by nature and other writers in writing his plays. His plays were performed in open-air theaters and took advantage of features like balconies and trap doors. Shakespeare lived during the English Renaissance and was influenced by new ideas of that time, coining over 10,000 words and helping to standardize English.
The document provides an overview of the Renaissance period, including changes in religion, values, politics, costumes, theaters, and conventions. Key developments included the rise of humanism which centered humans in the universe, the Reformation which split Christianity into Protestant and Catholic branches, the end of feudalism and rise of nation-states, and the introduction of proscenium stages and backdrops in theaters.
The document provides an overview of theatre developments around the world from 1900 to present day. It discusses how traditional theatres in Asia, India, China and Japan were initially influenced by Western forms but then saw a return to traditional styles. Theatre in different regions is summarized, including developments in India, China, Japan, the Middle East, Africa, Russia/Eastern Europe, Western Europe/Britain, Latin America, Canada and Australia. Key influences discussed include globalization, politics, and the blending of Western and traditional theatrical styles.
Similar to Alfred Jarry and the Ubu Plays - Historical Context (19)
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
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Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
2. “Talking about things that are understandable only
weights down the mind and falsifies the memory, but
the absurd exercises the mind and makes the memory
work.”
Alfred Jarry
3. 19TH CENTUARY THEATRE
Theatre in the late 19th century (The time Ubu was published) was taking large
steps into what we know today. The length of the shows became longer,
copyright was invented. Theatre made more advances in different areas.
Theatre companies were made up of designers, directors, and actors. They
would come together for one year. Every person would be in charge of a
different role. Because of these Repertory Companies tours were beginning to
increase in great amounts. Actors were paid for one year or they were paid
through the amount of time that the show ran.
4. Costume and Props in the Theatre
PROPS-
During the Renaissance in Europe, small acting troupes
functioned as cooperatives, pooling resources and dividing any
income. Many performers provided their own costumes, but
special items—stage weapons, furniture or other hand-held
devices—were considered "company property;" hence the term
"property."[The relationship between "property" in the sense of
ownership and "property" in the sense of a stage or screen object
imply that they "belong" to whoever uses them on stage.
COSTUME-
WOMEN- Bustle is mainly fullness around the waist of a dress
and a pad or framework can be used in order to exaggerate the
cut of a dress. During the Bustle period the focus moved from
the front of the dress to the back, in which the back of the dress
was exaggerated. Corsets were used to push up the womens'
bust and abdomens while a pad of horsehair or a tiny metal cage
was used to exaggerate the waist and also the back of the dress.
MEN- As it was in the Crinoline era, the importance of wearing
certain styles during certain occasions carried into the late
nineteenth century.
Such as a starched shirt, standing collar, ascot tie, waistcoat, dark
double-breasted frock coat, light trousers or for evenings white
tie, waistcoat with black tails, trousers .Hairstyles during this time
continued to be full, many men had beads, side whiskers, and/or
full moustaches.
5. Theatre Make-Up, 1890’S
In the 19th Century the limelight, gas lighting, and arc lightings that
were introduced to theatre affected the type of makeup and how much
makeup the actors would apply for their performances. Makeup was not
only used in order to make characters distinguishable, but also so the
audience could see and recognize the actors.
According to "Arts and Entertainment: Stagecraft", during the 19th
Century actors would use white chalk, carpenters' blue chalk, papers
impregnated with red colouring, and India ink as stage makeup. Actors
would use ash or even the red dust from bricks in order the create their
stage makeup.
Carl Baudin of the Leipziger Stadt Theatre came up with the
invention of greasepaint. In 1860 in Germany opera actor, Ludwig
Leichner, created stick greasepaint which is still an extremely important
part of stage makeup today. By 1890, greasepaints for theatre could be
found in many colors commercially, and this was the beginning of the
creation of other theatre makeups that are used today.
More advancement was being made with lighting. In the first third of
the nineteenth century gas lamps began to replace candles and oil
lamps. Because gas lamps were becoming so efficient gas tables were
created. Gas tables were a group of valves used by the gasman to
control the amount of light. This allowed dimming of the house lights,
which forced to audiences attention to the stage. Lime light was also
created during this time period. Limelight was the nineteenth century
spotlight, which made a radiant pool of light that followed the actors.
Lighting
6. Opening Night
The opening audience to the show were many theatre traditionalists and avant-garde.
Theatre director Aurélien-Marie Lugné-Poe produced the play at his Théâtre de l'Oeuvre.
It's premiere was in 1896, and due to the opening word being a swear, it caused riots in
the theatre. Because it caused such huge backlash, it was outlawed from theatre and
Jarry moved it to puppet theatre till his death.
It wasn't picked up again till long after his death, when swears on stage were vastly more
accepted by general public.
It was also heavily influenced by royalty, and because of the way it treats royalty, this was
one of the other factors that kept the initial riots going
7. The piece was not able to be performed
for another decade after opening night,
and after Jarry’s Death.
‘Nonetheless, the one night and attendant
scandal left Jarry satisfied that he had
given society “the sight of its ignoble
double,” a portrait of “the eternal
imbecility of man, his eternal lubricity, his
eternal gluttony, the baseness of instinct
raised to the status of tyranny; of the
coyness, the virtue, the patriotism, and the
ideas of the people who have dined well.”
Opening Night
8. PA UBU
The character, Pa Ubu, a cowardly, grotesque, nasty character has many similarities to Henry VIII. You could argue that
Alfred
Jarry got some of his inspirations for the character from Henry VIII himself. Pa Ubu starts to reign by crawling to the
people but soon
becomes a tyrant, debraining anyone who disagrees with him (much like Henry beheading his wives for the littlest
reasons). Pa Ubu was also
portrayed as a large man, much like Henry. They are both rude and greatly feared. But of course like Henry VII, Pa Ubu
has a downward spiral
into the abyss. But the fact stands that Jarry's biggest inspiration for the character was actually his school teacher and
the butt of schoolboy jokes at the Lycée in Rennes which Jarry attended. Lacking both authority and dignity, the
physically grotesque figure of M. Hébert became for Jarry, "the symbol of all the ugliness and mediocrity he already
saw in the world", and he in turn became the inspiration for Pa Ubu. The figure of Pa Ubu was to be a potent one for
Jarry, who became obsessed by his creation, to the point that he began to imitate him, adopting an odd way of
speaking, referring to himself as Père Ubu and behaving in a highly eccentric, Ubuesque manner.
9. MA UBU MA UBU
Other than her outrageous husband, Ma
Ubu is the only character in the play who
exhibits more than two or three basic
character traits. That is not to say, however,
that Ma Ubu is a fully rounded, complex
character in the play. On the contrary, she is
merely a watered down version of her
pompous husband. She does act like Lady
Macbeth early in the play by suggesting
that Pa Ubu slaughter the entire Polish royal
family and ascend to the throne. After that,
she makes no additional contribution to the
plot of the drama.
CAPTAIN BORDURE
Bourdure kills King Venceslas of Poland,
paving the way for Pa Ubu to become the
king. Later, Bordure abandons Ubu, goes
over to the Russians, and plots the death of
Pa Ubu and the reclamation of the Polish
throne by Bougrelas with the czar. Pa Ubu
recognizes Bordure in the middle of the
battle, and, the stage directions indicate,
tears him to pieces.
CAPTAIN
BORDURE
10. Social Classes
Social class in Paris in the 19th century determined how people lived,
worked, interacted, travelled, and relaxed. Each class participated in
and responded to the rapid changes of the era differently. Urbanization
and industrialization increased the standard of living for the average
Parisian, but the wealth gap between rich and poor remained very
wide. Social classes diversified, fragmented, and expanded to
accommodate many newly created occupations.
11. TheThreeClasses
During the 19th century, the middle class, or bourgeoisie, developed from
the groups of 18th century commercial and industrial capitalists. At the
same time, many new occupations were created which primarily used
mental skills rather than physical labour; the number of individuals and
families in these fields exploded in number, creating a substantial, and
eventually dominant, middle class. Simultaneously, the traditional rural
peasants and the new urban industrial workers merged into a lower or
working class.
The three primary social classes (upper class aristocracy, middle
class bourgeoisie, and lower or working class) existed in Paris
throughout the 19th century (and still exist in many developed
societies in the 21st century). Early in the 19th century, the old
hereditary aristocracy and the newly wealthy evolved into the
modern upper class
The 19th century lower class was composed primarily of workers in
extractive, manufacturing, and service industries, who were
dependent on wages and who primarily used physical skills. The lower
class was divided into occupational sub-groupings of highly skilled
handcrafters, semi-skilled workers, and unskilled labourers. Below the
lower class was an impoverished underclass, often called the sunken
people.
12. Living Dirty
For all social classes, living conditions in early 19th
century Paris were extremely dirty and unsanitary;
coal was the primary fuel for cooking and heating,
streets had open drains and sewers filled with
garbage and human waste. Public toilets were rare
and often overflowing. Diseases spread quickly and
more people died than were born. The lower class
and non-natives generally had higher infant and adult
mortality rates than the upper and middle classes.
The population of Paris grew, in spite of high mortality
rates, due to increased migration from rural areas and
immigration from overseas French colonies. The
overcrowded city continued to expand into all
available land; there were no parks or recreation
areas. During wars and at other times, governmental
restrictions limited mobility, marriage, settlement,
and migration. By the middle of the 19th century,
institutional and judicial controls became less
important and migration to the city escalated as the
new industrial economy demanded additional
workers. These migrants were most often lower class,
single, and childless.
13. Living Dirty
In 1800 all poor people, rural and urban, lived in one room
homes. In the country that room might be divided in two by
a low wall that kept the domestic animals in. Peasants were
terrified that wolves would devour their cow and goat or
that the neighbours would steal them. Sometimes there was
a loft, if you were a bit more prosperous. People had
fireplaces, but not stoves (who could afford them?). Glass
had gotten much cheaper but I don't doubt that windows
were still sealed with oiled parchment to let in some
sunlight and keep out rain.
Some houses had wooden floors, many didn't (packed earth
instead). There was no running water.
Peasants couldn't afford a tub, and they didn't all live near
rivers, so bathing was rare. Even where there was a river or
pond, people were scared to death of water spirits that
would drown them.
The brightest lads could get educated by the local cathedral,
if the parents let him.
Although rents were low, food was very dear.
In the city, more families of 2 or more would be packed into
the same house.
14. Politics of the Time
In the previous 200 years to Alfred Jarry’s arrival in Parisian
theatre, France had gone through a monumental amount of
turmoil. Largely around who was running the country and how.
In the early 1700’s the monarchy had complete power and
dictatorship, which was overthrown and it continued to develop
(very bloodily) as ideas and bodies were thrown back and forth.
At the time there was a government and monarchy was almost
completely out the question. But Alfred Jarry still heavily
disagreed with social standing.
15. “According to Jane Taylor, “The central character is
notorious for his infantile engagement with his world. Ubu
inhabits a domain of greedy self-gratification.” Jarry’s
metaphor for the modern man, he is an antihero—fat, ugly,
vulgar, gluttonous, grandiose, dishonest, stupid, jejune,
voracious, cruel, cowardly and evil—who grew out of
schoolboy legends about the imaginary life of a hated
teacher who had been at one point a slave on a Turkish
Galley, at another frozen in ice in Norway and at one more
the King of Poland. Ubu Roi follows and explores his
political, martial and felonious exploits, offering parodic
adaptations of situations and plot-lines from Shakespearean
drama, including Macbeth, Hamletand Richard III: like
Macbeth, Ubu—on the urging of his wife—murders the king
who helped him and usurps his throne, and is in turn
defeated and killed by his son; Jarry also adapts the ghost of
the dead king and Fortinbras’s revolt from Hamlet,
Buckingham’s refusal of reward for assisting a usurpation
from Richard III and The Winter’s Tale’s bear.” source -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubu_Roi
The character of Ubu itself represented everything wrong
with the modern day man. Which obviously upset a very self
fulfilled public.
Politics of the Time
16. Entertainment of the 1800’s
Fashion, Music and Art
19th Centaury - It was unsanitary, but the gap
between the rich and the poor was closing as living
and working conditions were improved. Due to
more money and free time, entertainment became
essential and theatre broadened. In come Jarry.
Entertainment entrepreneurs responded with an
enormous increase in the number of cafes-
concerts, public ballrooms, dance halls, theatres
and other establishments. Theatre auditoriums
were designed in tiers; their stratification reflected
the division of society by class. Generally, the royal
box, or loge, faced the stage surrounded by as
many as five vertical balconies. Yearly loge rentals
cost thousands of francs and were occupied only by
the wealthy upper class. Stall seats on the ground
floor were less expensive (equivalent to several
days’ wages for a working class person) and
primarily occupied by the middle class.
The lower class could afford the highest gallery
seats far above the boxes. Even higher, at the
ceiling level, seats were provided to men recruited
from the streets and cafes who were instructed to
applaud on cue in exchange for free admission.
17. Cafe-concerts provided bands indoors and
outdoors for dancing. American and ethnic
dancers and their dances were imported to
France greatly increasing the cross-cultural
nature of the entertainments. Even the tempo of
the dances quickened, reflecting the changes in
the pace of life, the changes in society, and in
dress which permitted new styles in dancing.
New theatrical productions were introduced
including the can-can, musical hall revues, and
operettas. Cafe-concerts, cabarets and other
venues featured fortune tellers, shooting
galleries, belly dancers, circuses and motion
pictures, and helped disrupt traditional social
hierarchies by permitting mingling between
upper and lower classes.
Fashion in the 1890s in European and European-
influenced countries is characterized by long
elegant lines, tall collars, and the rise of
sportswear
Entertainment of the 1800’s
Fashion, Music and Art
18. KingofAbsurdity The play tells the farcical story of
Père Ubu, an officer of the King of
Poland, a grotesque figure whom
Jarry saw as epitomising the
mediocrity and stupidity of middle-
class officialdom.
Absurdity became the hallmark of
Jarry’s style. Hailed as the father of
the Theatre of the Absurd, he told a
friend that "talking about things that
are understandable only weighs
down the mind and falsifies the
memory, but the absurd exercises the
mind and makes the memory work".
It was through writing Ubu Roi that
Jarry became the creator of the
science of Pataphysics, a logic of the
absurd, and "science of imaginary
solutions", enshrined since 1948 in
the Collège de Pataphysique.
He took inspiration from a schoolboy
play, based around a teacher at his
school whom he saw as the epitomy
of disgust and grossness. This could
have extended as he grew up and
this one man who was his common
link to the average world became
generalised to the population as it
struggled and writhed to break free
of it's past.
19. The Absurd Theatre
The Absurd Theatre can be seen as an attempt to capture the importance of myth and ritual
to our age, by making people aware of the ultimate realities of his condition. The Absurd
Theatre hopes to achieve this by shocking man out of an existence. It is felt that there is
mystical experience in confronting the limits of human condition. As a result, absurd plays
were made, directly aiming to startle the viewer, shaking them out of this comfortable,
conventional life of everyday concerns. The Theatre of the Absurd openly rebelled against
conventional theatre. Indeed, it was anti-theatre. It was surreal, illogical, conflict-less and
plot-less. The dialogue seemed total gobbledygook.
Not unexpectedly, the Theatre of the Absurd first met with incomprehension and
rejection. Words failed to express the essence of human experience, the Theatre of the
Absurd constituted first and foremost an onslaught on language, showing it as a very
unreliable and insufficient tool of communication; making people aware of the possibility of
going beyond everyday speech conventions and communicating more authentically. Objects
are much more important than language in absurd Theatre and goes beyond
language. Absurd drama gets rid of logic. It relishes the unexpected and the logically
impossible and feels the freedom that we can enjoy when we abandon logic.
20. The Absurd Theatre
Their individual identity is defined by language-the loss of logical language brings them towards
a unity with living things. Nonsense, opens up a glimpse of the infinite. It offers freedom, brings
you into contact with the sense of life and is a source of marvellous comedy.
Absurd dramas are lyrical statements, very much like music: they communicate an
atmosphere. Unlike conventional theatre, where language is the main part of the play in the
Absurd Theatre language is only one of many components of its many poetic imagery.
Alfred Jarry is an important writer of the Absurd Theatre. His UBU ROI (1896) is a mythical
figure, set among a world of grotesque images. Ubu Roi is a caricature, a terrifying image of the
animal nature of man and his cruelty. The work is a puppet play and its childish naivety
underlines the horror. Alfred Jarry expressed man’s psychological states through using objects
on the stage.
21. “We believe... that the
applause of silence is the
only kind that counts.”
Alfred Jarry