The document discusses the importance of crafting a research problem and title, emphasizing that a clear research problem is crucial for conducting an investigation. It outlines guidelines for formulating research problems based on external and internal criteria, as well as characteristics of a good research title that should be concise and informative. Additionally, it provides examples of good and bad research practices related to topic selection and title formulation.

1. Crafting the Research Problem and
the Research Title

2. RATIONALE/BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
RATIONALE
 an explanation of controlling principles of opinion,
belief, practice, or phenomena
 an underlying reason : basis

3. Rationale/Background of the Study
 Research justification is considered as the initial step
in writing a research paper.
 This step involves the skill on how the researcher will
provide the readers with critical background or
contextual information that introduces the research
topic.

4. The Research Problem
 The Research Problem In starting with a research
project, the researcher must have a clear problem in
mind.
 A research problem refers to a statement that
promptly suggests for conducting an investigation.

5. The Research Problem
 The research must deal with some concerns in a
particular field that may need an improvement or a
solution.
 The researcher must also observe gaps in existing
scholarly literature, theories, and practices in order to
come up with a good and relevant research problem.

6. Sources of Research Problem:
 Theory
 Practitioners
 Personal Experience
 Relevant Literature

7. Guidelines in Formulating the
Research Problem
A. External Criteria
1. Novelty
2. Availability of Participants
3. Support of the Academic Community
4. Availability & Adequacy of Facilities & Equipment
5. Ethical Considerations

8. Guidelines in Formulating the
Research Problem
B. Internal Criteria
1. Qualifications of the Researcher
2. Motivation & Interest of the Researcher
3. Time Factor
4. Cost & Returns
5. Hazards & Handicaps

9. Research Title
 A research title should help the readers to see the
main idea as well as the summary of the whole study.
 Further, it usually contains fewest possible words that
can bring understanding of the content and the
purpose of the study among the readers.

10. Research Title
1. It should be limited only to substantive words such as
the phenomenon under investigation, the participants,
and the setting of the study.
2. It should use words that can create a positive
impression among the readers. Avoid using abbreviations
as well as some word constructions such as: “method,”
“result,” and “investigation.”

11. Research Title
3. It should be in the form of a phrase with correct use
of capitalization, that is, the first letter appeared in the
title as well as the first letter of each noun, adjective,
verb, adverb word should be capitalized.
4. It should be concise by adequately implying the
participants and the coverage of the study.

12. Examples of Research Titles
1. The ‘Need to Transcend’: A Phenomenological Study on
the Lived Experiences of Millennial Teachers (Lacdo-O et al.,
2018)
2. The Educated Citizen: Cultural and Gender Capital in the
Schooling of Aetas’ Children in the Municipality of Janiuay
(Moralista & Delariarte, 2014) 11

13. Characteristics of a Good Research
Title
 It should predict the content of the research
paper.
 It should be interesting to the reader.
 It should reflect the tone of the writing.
 It should contain important keywords that will
make it easier to be located during a keyword
search.

14. Examples of Research Titles
3. Local Studies Centers: Transforming History,
Culture and Heritage in the Philippines (Perez &
Templanza, 2012)
4. President Rodrigo Roa Duterte’s Political
Speeches: A Critical Discourse Analysis (Remorosa,
2018)

15. Examples of Research Titles
5. This Too Shall Pass: A Grounded Theory
Study of Filipino Cancer Survivorship (de
Guzman et al., 2012)

16. Good Practice or Bad Practice?
1. Harold conducts a study which has already been done in
his school with similar objective and participants.
2. Jessica pursues her study because she observes that there
are existing research gaps in her field of interest.
3. Gerald plans to consult the SPED teachers in his
community in order to know the focus of his study regarding
the life of SPED students

17. Good or Bad Practice?
4. Joana secures the approval of the school administrator
before subjecting her perceived problem into a study.
5. The research problem proposed by Ulysses requires more
time and may exceed the target time frame when it is
subjected into a study.
6. In the formulation of his research title, Willy includes only
essential words and variables of the study.

18. Good or Bad Practice?
7. To make her research title appears brief, April used the
abbreviation of a terminology.
8. Bea capitalizes all the first letters of each noun, adjective,
verb, & pronoun word appearing in her research title.
9. Xian includes his participants and the setting of the study
in his research title.