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Dark Side of Consumerism:
Implications of Materialism on
Psychological Need Satisfaction &
Subjective Wellbeing
Rida Khan
• Epicureanism
• Materialism
• Media
• Usefulness
Theoretical Framework
SDT
Value Theory
Hedonic Adaptation/Cognitive
Appraisal Theory
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Research objectives
• MVS +ve dissatisfaction
• MVS SDT
• MVS –ve PWB
MVS
-ve SDT &
PWB
Happiness
via
products
Centrality
SDT +ve PWB
Male-female comparison
Hypotheses
Methodology
Instruments BPNS α .75
PWI α .83
MVS α .731
Sample size 425
Analysis SPSS
Discussion
• MVS –ve SDT & WB
• Focus on extrinsic
• Social value
Limitations/Recommendations
• Time & motivation
• Lengthy/Incomplete
• Scale neutralization
• Less priveleged
Gratitude
Unhappy people materialistic?
Conclusion
• Not happier
• Risk of psychopathology
• Basic needs
• Unhealthy to rely on money
References
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Research MVS_WB

  • 1. Dark Side of Consumerism: Implications of Materialism on Psychological Need Satisfaction & Subjective Wellbeing Rida Khan
  • 3. Theoretical Framework SDT Value Theory Hedonic Adaptation/Cognitive Appraisal Theory Self-Discrepancy Theory
  • 4. Research objectives • MVS +ve dissatisfaction • MVS SDT • MVS –ve PWB
  • 5. MVS -ve SDT & PWB Happiness via products Centrality SDT +ve PWB Male-female comparison Hypotheses
  • 6. Methodology Instruments BPNS α .75 PWI α .83 MVS α .731 Sample size 425 Analysis SPSS
  • 7. Discussion • MVS –ve SDT & WB • Focus on extrinsic • Social value
  • 8. Limitations/Recommendations • Time & motivation • Lengthy/Incomplete • Scale neutralization • Less priveleged Gratitude Unhappy people materialistic?
  • 9. Conclusion • Not happier • Risk of psychopathology • Basic needs • Unhealthy to rely on money
  • 10.
  • 11. References • Ahuvia, A. (1992). For the Love of Money: Materialism and Product Love. SV - Meaning, Meaure and Morality of Materialism , 188-198. • Ahuvia, A. C., & Friedman, D. C. (1998). Income, Consumption, and Subjective Well-being: Toward a Composite Macromarketing Model. Journal of Macromarketing, 18(2), 153-168. • Ahuvia, A. C., & Wong, N. Y. (2002). Personality and Values Based Materialism: Their Relationship and Origins. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 12(4), 389-402. • Ahuvia, A., & Wong, N. (1995). Materialism: Origins and Implications for Personal Well-Being. E-European Advances in Consumer Research, 2. • Aknin, L. B., Dunn, E. W., Helliwell, J. F., Burns, J., Biswas-Diener, R., Kemeza, I., et al. (2013). Prosocial Spending and Well-Being: Cross-Cultural Evidence for a Psychological Universal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(4), 635-652. • Bauer, M. A., Wilkie, J. E., Kim, J. K., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2012, March 16). Cuing Consumerism: Situational Materialism Undermines Personal and Social Well-Being. Psychological Science, 23(5), 517-523. • Belk, R. W. (1985, December). Materialism: Trait Aspects of Living in the Material World. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(3), 265-280. • Belk, R. W. (1988). Possessions and the Extended Self. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(2), 139-168. • Belk, R. W. (2001). Materialism and You. Journal of Research for Consumers, 1(1), 291-297. • Biswas-Diener, R. (2008). Material Wealth and Subjective Wellbeing. The Science of Subjective Wellbeing, 307-322. • Boven, L. V. (2005). Experientialism, Materialism, and the Pursuit of Happiness. Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 132–142. • Boven, L. V., Campbell, M. C., & Gilovich, T. (2010). Stigmatizing Materialism: On Stereotypes and Impressions of Materialistic and Experiential Pursuits. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(4), 551-563.
  • 12. • Brown, K. W., & Kasser, T. (2005). Are Psychological and Ecological Well-being Compatible? The Role of Values, Mindfulness, and Lifestyle. Social Indicators Research, 74(2), 349-368. • Brown, K. W., Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., Linley, P. A., & Orzech, K. (2009). When What One Has is Enough: Mindfulness, Financial Desire Discrepancy, and Subjective Well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(5), 727-736. • Burr, A., Santo, J. B., & Pushkar, D. (2011). Affective Wellbeing in Retirement: The Influence of Values, Money and Health Across Three Years. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12(1), 17-40. • Burroughs, J. E., & Rindfleisch, A. (2002, February). Materialism and Well-Being: A Conflicting Values Perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 29(3), 348-370. • Chaplin, L. N., & John, D. R. (2007, February). Growing up in a Material World: Age Differences in Materialism in Children and Adolescents. Journal of Consumer Research, 34(4), 480-493. • Christopher, A. N., Troisi, J. D., Park, L. E., & Lasane, T. P. (2007). Materialism, Defensive and Assertive Self–Presentational Tactics, and Life Satisfaction. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26(10), 1145-1162. • Couchman, C. E., Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R. M., & Kasser, T. (2004). Materialistic Values: Their Causes and Consequences. In Psychology and Consumer Culture: The Struggle for a Good Life in a Materialistic World (pp. 11-28). • Deckop, J. R., Jurkiewicz, C. L., & Giacalone, R. A. (2010, July). Effects of Materialism on Work-Related Personal Well-being. Human Relations, 63(7), 1007–1030. • Diener, E., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2002). Will Money Increase Subjective Well-Being? Social Indicators Research, 57(2), 119-169. • Diener, E., & Oishi, S. (2000). Money and Happiness: Income and Subjective Wellbeing Across Nations. Culture and Subjective Wellbeing, 185-218. • Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. (2004). Beyond Money: Toward an Economy of Well-Being. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 5(1), 1-31. • Dittmar, H., & Kapur, P. (2011). Consumerism and Well-Being in India and the UK: Identity Projection and Emotion Regulation as Underlying Psychological Processes. Psychological Studies, 56(1), 71-85.
  • 13. • Dittmar, H., Bond, R., Hurst, M., & Kasser, T. (2014, November). The Relationship Between Materialism and Personal Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 107(5), 879–924. • Easterlin, R. A. (1994, September). Will Raising the Incomes of all Increase the Happiness of All? Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 27(1), 35-47. • Frische, J.-A. T. (2013). Why are materialists less happy? The role of gratitude and need satisfaction in the relationship between materialism and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 64, 62-66. • Froh, J. J., Emmons, R. A., Card, N. A., Bono, G., & Wilson, J. A. (2010, March). Gratitude and the Reduced Costs of Materialism in Adolescents. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12(2), 289-302. • Goldsmith, R. E., Jusoh, W. J., & Heaney, J.-G. (2005, August). Status Consumption Among Malaysian Consumers: Exploring Its Relationships with Materialism and Attention-to- Social-Comparison Information. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 17(4), 83-98. • Hudders, L., & Pandelaere, M. (2011). The Silver Lining of Materialism: The Impact of Luxury Consumption on Subjective Well-Being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13(3), 411-437. • Ingrid, B., Majda, R., & Dubravka, M. (2009). Life Goals and Well-Being: Are Extrinsic Aspirations Always Detrimental to Well-Being? Psychological Topics, 18(2), 317-334. • Karabati, S., & Cemalcilar, Z. (2010, August). Values, Materialism, and Well-being: A Study with Turkish University Students. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(4), 624-633. • Kashdan, T. B., & Breen, W. E. (2007, May). Materialism and Diminished Well-Being: Experiential Avoidance as a Mediating Mechanism. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26(5), 521-539. • Kasser, T. (2003). The High Price of Materialism. London: MIT Press. • Kasser, T. (2004). The Good Life or the Goods Life? Positive Psychology and Personal Wellbeing in the Culture of Consumption. In A. P. Linley, & S. Joseph, Positive Psychology in Practice (pp. 55-67). John Wiley & Sons Inc. • Kasser, T. (2005). Frugality, Generosity, and Materialism in Children and Adolescents. In What Do Children Need to Flourish, 357-373.
  • 14. • Kasser, T. (2011). Cultural Values and the Well-Being of Future Generations: A Cross- National Study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 42(2), 206-215. • Kasser, T., Rosenblum, K. L., Sameroff, A. J., Deci, E. L., Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., et al. (2014). Changes in Materialism, Changes in Psychological Well-being: Evidence from Three Longitudinal Studies and an Intervention Experiment. Motivation and Emotion, 38(1), 1-22. • Kilbourne, W., & Pickett, G. (2008). How Materialism Affects Environmental Beliefs, Concern, and Environmentally Responsible Behavior. Journal of Business Research, 61(9), 885-893. • Lambert, N. M., Fincham, F. D., Stillman, T. F., & Dean, L. R. (2009). More Gratitude, Less Materialism: The Mediating Role of Life Satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(1), 32-42. • McDonald, D. R. (2004). Television, Materialism and Culture: An Exploration of Imported Media and its Implications for GNH. Journal of Bhutan Studies, 11(1), 68-89. • Nicolao, L., Irwin, J. R., & Goodman, J. K. (2009, August). Happiness for Sale: Do Experiential Purchases Make Consumers Happier than Material Purchases? Journal of Consumer Research, 36(2), 188-198. • Polak, E. L., & McCullough, M. E. (2006). Is Gratitude an Alternative to Materialism? . Journal of Happiness Studies, 7(3), 343-360. • Richins, M. L. (2013). When Wanting Is Better than Having: Materialism, Transformation Expectations, and Product-Evoked Emotions in the Purchase Process. Journal of Consumer Research, 40(1), 1-18. • Richins, M. L., & Dawson, S. (1992, February). A Consumer Values Orientation for Materialism and Its Measurement. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(3), 303-316. • Rindfleisch, A., & Burroughs, J. E. (2004, December). Terrifying Thoughts, Terrible Materialism? Contemplations on a Terror Management Account of Materialism and Consumer Behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 14(3), 219-224. • Rindfleisch, A., Burroughs, J. E., & Wong, N. (2009). The Safety of Objects: Materialism, Existential Insecurity, and Brand Connection. Journal of Consumer Research, 36(1), 1-16. • Ryan, R. (2009). Self‐determination Theory and Wellbeing. Social Psychology, 84(822), 848. • Schimmack, U. (2008). The Structure of Subjective Wellbeing. The Science of Subjective Wellbeing, 97- 123.
  • 15. • Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Kasser, T. (2004, May). The Independent Effects of Goal Contents and Motives on Well-Being: It’s Both What You Pursue and Why You Pursue It. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(4), 475-486. • Shrum, L. J., Wong, N., Arif, F., Chugani, S. K., Gunz, A., Lowrey, T. M., et al. (2012). Reconceptualizing Materialism as Identity Goal Pursuits: Functions, Processes, and Consequences. Journal of Business research, 66(8), 1179-1185. • Sidoti, P. M., & Devasagayam, R. (2010). Credit Cards and College Students: Effect of Materialism and Risk Attitude on Misuse. Marketing Management Journal, 20(2), 64-79. • Silvera, D. H., Lavack, A. M., & Kropp, F. (2008). Impulse Buying: The Role of Affect, Social Influence, and Subjective Wellbeing. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 25(1), 23-33. • Sirgy, M. J., Lee, D.-J., Larsen, V., & Wright, N. (1998). Satisfaction with Material Possessions and General Wellbeing: The Role of Materialism. Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behaviour, 11, 103-118. • Tatzel, M. (2002). ‘‘Money worlds’’ and well-being: An Integration of Money Dispositions, Materialism and Price-Related Behavior. Journal of Economic Psychology, 23(1), 103-126. • Tatzel, M. (2006). The Art of Buying: Coming to Terms With Money and Materialism. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7(3), 343-360. • Vansteenkiste, M., Duriez, B., & Soenens, B. (2006). Materialistic Values and Well-Being Among Business Students: Further Evidence of Their Detrimental Effect. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36(12), 2892–2908. • Vohs, K. D., Mead, N. L., & Goode, M. R. (2008). Merely Activating the Concept of Money Changes Personal and Interpersonal Behavior. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17(3), 208-212. • Zhong, J. Y., & Mitchell, V.-W. (2010). A Mechanism Model of the Effect of Hedonic Product Consumption on Well-Being. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 20(2), 152-162.