Research Model:
1. Select the topic
2. Defining the problem
3. Reviewing the Literature
4. Formulating a Hypothesis
5. Choosing a research method
6. Collecting the Data
7. Analyzing the Results
8. Sharing the Results
1. Uncovering social stigma against mental illness in America.
2. I wanted to study the social stigma of mental illness in America because many people suffer from various forms of mental illness. Often times people do not receive treatment for mental health issues because they are not diagnosed.
3.
· Ho, Andy H Y, Fong, Ted C T, Potash, Jordan S, Ho, Vania F L, Chen, Eric Y H, Ho, Rainbow T H., “Deconstructing Patterns of Stigma toward People Living with Mental Illness.” Social Work Research, vol. 42 Issue 4, 2018, p302-312.
· Casados, Ava T.,“Reducing the Stigma of Mental Illness: Current Approaches and Future Directions.” Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, vol. 24, issue 3, 2017, p 306-323.
· Quinn, Diane M., Williams, Michelle K., Weisz, Bradley M. “From discrimination to internalized mental illness stigma: The mediating roles of anticipated discrimination and anticipated stigma.” Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal. vol. 38 issue 2, 2015, p103-108.
· Peters, Heather J., Schwenk, Haley N., Ahlstrom, Zachary R., McIalwain, Lyndzie N. “Microaggressions: The experience of individuals with mental illness.” Counselling Psychology Quarterly. vol. 30, issue 1, 2017 p86-112. 27.
4. I primary of objective of this research is to identify college student’s knowledge about mental illness in American culture and the social stigma surrounding it. Studies have indicated that lack of knowledge about mental illness has led to an increase of discrimination in the workplace and everyday life. Students will be given a quantitative survey to gauge attitudes about mental illness. The goal is to create effective solutions in order to build knowledge and lessen stigma against mean illness today.5. Quantitative and qualitative methods will be used. The survey will include 15 closed ended questions and 3 open ended questions. Survey:1. Which of the following mental illness are you most familiar with? A. Anxiety B. Depression C. Bipolar disorder D. Schizophrenia 2. How do you know about the above mental illnesses? A. family member B. friends C. television D. internet3. Do you think people are predisposed to mental illness? A. Yes B. No C. Sometimes4. At what age do think people first to start experience mental illness? A. 5-8 years old B. 9-11 years old C. 12-15 years old D. 15-18 years old5. Mental illness can happen to anyone. A. Yes B. No6. Who do you think is more likely to have mental illness? A. Women B. Men C. Both are equal D. I don’t know7. People that have a mental illness or more likely to prefer to be alone. A. Yes B. No8. Adults are more likely to have mental illness. A. Yes B. No9. The best wa.
Module 3 ConclusionThrough this module’s online lectures and textb.docxraju957290
Module 3 Conclusion
Through this module’s online lectures and textbook readings, you analyzed how values and ethics are developed. You also evaluated the importance of accepting and managing diversity effectively.
Here are the key points covered:The six value orientations—individualism or collectivism; preferred personality; view of human nature; human-nature relationship; power distance; long-term vs. short-term orientation—all influence how individuals and groups understand and respond to the world, which in turn, affects how they interact with others.In addition to being truthful, ethical communication involves deciding which information can and should be disclosed or withheld as well as assessing the benefits or harm associated with specific messages.Truthfulness plays a fundamental role in ethical communication due to two reasons, you expect messages to be truthful and messages have consequences. The ethical consequences of sharing or withholding information depend on whether it is likely to help people to make informed decisions or not. A message is considered legitimately private when other parties have no right to expect access to it. Finally, to be an effective communicator, you have to discern the benefits or harm associated with your messages.The process of determining ethical choices and decisions can be based on both individual perspective and communal perspective. When ethics are discussed in an organizational context, the rights of the individual, such as the right to free speech or privacy, assume importance. However, a communal approach focuses on the common good or the best interests of the entire community. The morality of an action is assessed based on its consequences for the group.The three barriers to accepting diversity include preconceptions or lack of knowledge, stereotyping, and prejudice. These internal barriers however, can be overcome by increasing motivation, increasing knowledge of self and others, and avoiding stereotypes.Diversity can enhance your interpersonal effectiveness by increasing your opportunities, enhancing your abilities at work, and improving your self-awareness.
Diversity; Interpersonal Effectiveness
Learning about and accepting diversity can improve your interpersonal effectiveness and increase your personal and professional opportunities. It also allows you to widen your circle of friends and acquaintances and may even open up new business opportunities by helping you work in or manage diverse work groups.
Learning about diversity can increase your effectiveness at work. It can also help improve your ability to communicate with colleagues and customers or clients who differ from you. This may pave the way for organizational rewards and opportunities. In addition, accepting diversity and honing your skills in this area can enhance your self-awareness. Part of accepting and understanding diversity is the ability to understand and critique your own cultural beliefs and values. This understanding ...
Chapter 19Group Communication, Teamwork, and LeadershipTeamwor.docxketurahhazelhurst
Chapter 19
Group Communication, Teamwork, and Leadership
Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common vision. The ability to direct individual accomplishments toward organizational objectives. It is the fuel that allows common people to attain uncommon results.
Andrew Carnegie
Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed people can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.
Margaret Mead
Getting Started
As humans, we are social beings. We naturally form relationships with others. In fact, relationships are often noted as one of the most important aspects of a person’s life, and they exist in many forms. Interpersonal communication occurs between two people, but group communication may involve two or more individuals. Groups are a primary context for interaction within the business community. Groups may have heroes, enemies, and sages alongside new members. Groups overlap and may share common goals, but they may also engage in conflict. Groups can be supportive or coercive and can exert powerful influences over individuals.
Within a group, individuals may behave in distinct ways, use unique or specialized terms, or display symbols that have meaning to that group. Those same terms or symbols may be confusing, meaningless, or even unacceptable to another group. An individual may belong to both groups, adapting his or her communication patterns to meet group normative expectations. Groups are increasingly important across social media venues, and there are many examples of successful business ventures on the Web that value and promote group interaction.
Groups use words to exchange meaning, establish territory, and identify who is a stranger versus who is a trusted member. Are you familiar with the term “troll”? It is often used to identify someone who is not a member of an online group or community; does not share the values and beliefs of the group; and posts a message in an online discussion board to initiate flame wars, cause disruption, or otherwise challenge the group members. Members often use words to respond to the challenge that are not otherwise common in the discussions, and the less than flattering descriptions of the troll are a rallying point.
Groups have existed throughout human history and continue to follow familiar patterns across emerging venues as we adapt to technology, computer-mediated interaction, suburban sprawl, and modern life. We need groups, and groups need us. Our relationship with groups warrants attention on this interdependence as we come to know our communities, our world, and ourselves.
19.1 What Is a Group?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Define groups and teams.
2. Discuss how primary and secondary groups meet our interpersonal needs.
3. Discuss how groups tend to limit their own size and create group norms.
Let’s get into a time machine and travel way, way back to join early humans in prehistoric times. Their needs are like ours today: they cannot exist or thrive without ...
Chapter 19Group Communication, Teamwork, and LeadershipTeamworEstelaJeffery653
Chapter 19
Group Communication, Teamwork, and Leadership
Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common vision. The ability to direct individual accomplishments toward organizational objectives. It is the fuel that allows common people to attain uncommon results.
Andrew Carnegie
Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed people can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.
Margaret Mead
Getting Started
As humans, we are social beings. We naturally form relationships with others. In fact, relationships are often noted as one of the most important aspects of a person’s life, and they exist in many forms. Interpersonal communication occurs between two people, but group communication may involve two or more individuals. Groups are a primary context for interaction within the business community. Groups may have heroes, enemies, and sages alongside new members. Groups overlap and may share common goals, but they may also engage in conflict. Groups can be supportive or coercive and can exert powerful influences over individuals.
Within a group, individuals may behave in distinct ways, use unique or specialized terms, or display symbols that have meaning to that group. Those same terms or symbols may be confusing, meaningless, or even unacceptable to another group. An individual may belong to both groups, adapting his or her communication patterns to meet group normative expectations. Groups are increasingly important across social media venues, and there are many examples of successful business ventures on the Web that value and promote group interaction.
Groups use words to exchange meaning, establish territory, and identify who is a stranger versus who is a trusted member. Are you familiar with the term “troll”? It is often used to identify someone who is not a member of an online group or community; does not share the values and beliefs of the group; and posts a message in an online discussion board to initiate flame wars, cause disruption, or otherwise challenge the group members. Members often use words to respond to the challenge that are not otherwise common in the discussions, and the less than flattering descriptions of the troll are a rallying point.
Groups have existed throughout human history and continue to follow familiar patterns across emerging venues as we adapt to technology, computer-mediated interaction, suburban sprawl, and modern life. We need groups, and groups need us. Our relationship with groups warrants attention on this interdependence as we come to know our communities, our world, and ourselves.
19.1 What Is a Group?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Define groups and teams.
2. Discuss how primary and secondary groups meet our interpersonal needs.
3. Discuss how groups tend to limit their own size and create group norms.
Let’s get into a time machine and travel way, way back to join early humans in prehistoric times. Their needs are like ours today: they cannot exist or thrive without ...
50 Free Persuasive Essay Examples (+BEST Topics) ᐅ TemplateLab. Example Of A Persuasive Essay About School Uniforms | Sitedoct.org. Best 25+ Persuasive writing examples ideas on Pinterest | What is .... Beautiful Best Persuasive Essay Topics ~ Thatsnotus. Outline For Persuasive Essay Template | PDF. Persuasive Essay Writing prompts and Template for Free. ⚡ Top 10 persuasive topics. 120+ Good Persuasive Essay Topics From Easy .... persuasive essay writing persuasive essay writer tufadmersincom .... Writing the persuasive essay. Persuasive Essay Examples | Preview. 48 Amazing Persuasive Essay Examples – RedlineSP. 013 Good Persuasive Essay Topics Example ~ Thatsnotus. 013 Persuasive Essay Sample Example Arg V Pers Animal Testing Bw O .... Persuasive Text For 4th Grade - Shawn Woodard's Reading Worksheets. Need Help Writing A Persuasive Essay. Help Me Write A Persuasive Essay. FREE 8+ Persuasive Essay Samples in MS Word | PDF. Examples How To Write A Persuasive Essay - Acker Script. 006 Examples Of Persuasive Essays Essay Example ~ Thatsnotus.
Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/books Saylor.org
722
Chapter 19
Group Communication, Teamwork, and Leadership
Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common vision. The ability to direct individual
accomplishments toward organizational objectives. It is the fuel that allows common people to attain
uncommon results.
Andrew Carnegie
Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed people can change the world. Indeed, it is the
only thing that ever has.
Margaret Mead
Getting Started
I N T R O D U C T O R Y E X E R C I S E S
1. List the family and social groups you belong to and interact with on a regular basis—for example, within a
twenty-four-hour period or within a typical week. Please also consider forums, online communities, and
Web sites where you follow threads of discussion or post regularly. Discuss your results with your
classmates.
2. List the professional (i.e., work-related) groups you interact with in order of frequency. Please also
consider informal as well as formal groups (e.g., the 10:30 coffee club and the colleagues you often share
your commute with). Compare your results with those of your classmates.
3. Identify one group to which you no longer belong. List at least one reason why you no longer belong to
this group. Compare your results with those of your classmates.
As humans, we are social beings. We naturally form relationships with others. In fact, relationships are
often noted as one of the most important aspects of a person’s life, and they exist in many forms.
Interpersonal communication occurs between two people, but group communication may involve two or
more individuals. Groups are a primary context for interaction within the business community. Groups
may have heroes, enemies, and sages alongside new members. Groups overlap and may share common
goals, but they may also engage in conflict. Groups can be supportive or coercive and can exert powerful
influences over individuals.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/books Saylor.org
723
Within a group, individuals may behave in distinct ways, use unique or specialized terms, or display
symbols that have meaning to that group. Those same terms or symbols may be confusing, meaningless,
or even unacceptable to another group. An individual may belong to both groups, adapting his or her
communication patterns to meet group normative expectations. Groups are increasingly important across
social media venues, and there are many examples of successful business ventures on the Web that value
and promote group interaction.
Groups use words to exchange meaning, establish territory, and identify who is a stranger versus who is a
trusted member. Are you familiar with the term “troll”? It is often used to identify someone who is not a
member of an online group or community; does not share the values and beliefs of the group; and post.
Module 3 ConclusionThrough this module’s online lectures and textb.docxraju957290
Module 3 Conclusion
Through this module’s online lectures and textbook readings, you analyzed how values and ethics are developed. You also evaluated the importance of accepting and managing diversity effectively.
Here are the key points covered:The six value orientations—individualism or collectivism; preferred personality; view of human nature; human-nature relationship; power distance; long-term vs. short-term orientation—all influence how individuals and groups understand and respond to the world, which in turn, affects how they interact with others.In addition to being truthful, ethical communication involves deciding which information can and should be disclosed or withheld as well as assessing the benefits or harm associated with specific messages.Truthfulness plays a fundamental role in ethical communication due to two reasons, you expect messages to be truthful and messages have consequences. The ethical consequences of sharing or withholding information depend on whether it is likely to help people to make informed decisions or not. A message is considered legitimately private when other parties have no right to expect access to it. Finally, to be an effective communicator, you have to discern the benefits or harm associated with your messages.The process of determining ethical choices and decisions can be based on both individual perspective and communal perspective. When ethics are discussed in an organizational context, the rights of the individual, such as the right to free speech or privacy, assume importance. However, a communal approach focuses on the common good or the best interests of the entire community. The morality of an action is assessed based on its consequences for the group.The three barriers to accepting diversity include preconceptions or lack of knowledge, stereotyping, and prejudice. These internal barriers however, can be overcome by increasing motivation, increasing knowledge of self and others, and avoiding stereotypes.Diversity can enhance your interpersonal effectiveness by increasing your opportunities, enhancing your abilities at work, and improving your self-awareness.
Diversity; Interpersonal Effectiveness
Learning about and accepting diversity can improve your interpersonal effectiveness and increase your personal and professional opportunities. It also allows you to widen your circle of friends and acquaintances and may even open up new business opportunities by helping you work in or manage diverse work groups.
Learning about diversity can increase your effectiveness at work. It can also help improve your ability to communicate with colleagues and customers or clients who differ from you. This may pave the way for organizational rewards and opportunities. In addition, accepting diversity and honing your skills in this area can enhance your self-awareness. Part of accepting and understanding diversity is the ability to understand and critique your own cultural beliefs and values. This understanding ...
Chapter 19Group Communication, Teamwork, and LeadershipTeamwor.docxketurahhazelhurst
Chapter 19
Group Communication, Teamwork, and Leadership
Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common vision. The ability to direct individual accomplishments toward organizational objectives. It is the fuel that allows common people to attain uncommon results.
Andrew Carnegie
Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed people can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.
Margaret Mead
Getting Started
As humans, we are social beings. We naturally form relationships with others. In fact, relationships are often noted as one of the most important aspects of a person’s life, and they exist in many forms. Interpersonal communication occurs between two people, but group communication may involve two or more individuals. Groups are a primary context for interaction within the business community. Groups may have heroes, enemies, and sages alongside new members. Groups overlap and may share common goals, but they may also engage in conflict. Groups can be supportive or coercive and can exert powerful influences over individuals.
Within a group, individuals may behave in distinct ways, use unique or specialized terms, or display symbols that have meaning to that group. Those same terms or symbols may be confusing, meaningless, or even unacceptable to another group. An individual may belong to both groups, adapting his or her communication patterns to meet group normative expectations. Groups are increasingly important across social media venues, and there are many examples of successful business ventures on the Web that value and promote group interaction.
Groups use words to exchange meaning, establish territory, and identify who is a stranger versus who is a trusted member. Are you familiar with the term “troll”? It is often used to identify someone who is not a member of an online group or community; does not share the values and beliefs of the group; and posts a message in an online discussion board to initiate flame wars, cause disruption, or otherwise challenge the group members. Members often use words to respond to the challenge that are not otherwise common in the discussions, and the less than flattering descriptions of the troll are a rallying point.
Groups have existed throughout human history and continue to follow familiar patterns across emerging venues as we adapt to technology, computer-mediated interaction, suburban sprawl, and modern life. We need groups, and groups need us. Our relationship with groups warrants attention on this interdependence as we come to know our communities, our world, and ourselves.
19.1 What Is a Group?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Define groups and teams.
2. Discuss how primary and secondary groups meet our interpersonal needs.
3. Discuss how groups tend to limit their own size and create group norms.
Let’s get into a time machine and travel way, way back to join early humans in prehistoric times. Their needs are like ours today: they cannot exist or thrive without ...
Chapter 19Group Communication, Teamwork, and LeadershipTeamworEstelaJeffery653
Chapter 19
Group Communication, Teamwork, and Leadership
Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common vision. The ability to direct individual accomplishments toward organizational objectives. It is the fuel that allows common people to attain uncommon results.
Andrew Carnegie
Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed people can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.
Margaret Mead
Getting Started
As humans, we are social beings. We naturally form relationships with others. In fact, relationships are often noted as one of the most important aspects of a person’s life, and they exist in many forms. Interpersonal communication occurs between two people, but group communication may involve two or more individuals. Groups are a primary context for interaction within the business community. Groups may have heroes, enemies, and sages alongside new members. Groups overlap and may share common goals, but they may also engage in conflict. Groups can be supportive or coercive and can exert powerful influences over individuals.
Within a group, individuals may behave in distinct ways, use unique or specialized terms, or display symbols that have meaning to that group. Those same terms or symbols may be confusing, meaningless, or even unacceptable to another group. An individual may belong to both groups, adapting his or her communication patterns to meet group normative expectations. Groups are increasingly important across social media venues, and there are many examples of successful business ventures on the Web that value and promote group interaction.
Groups use words to exchange meaning, establish territory, and identify who is a stranger versus who is a trusted member. Are you familiar with the term “troll”? It is often used to identify someone who is not a member of an online group or community; does not share the values and beliefs of the group; and posts a message in an online discussion board to initiate flame wars, cause disruption, or otherwise challenge the group members. Members often use words to respond to the challenge that are not otherwise common in the discussions, and the less than flattering descriptions of the troll are a rallying point.
Groups have existed throughout human history and continue to follow familiar patterns across emerging venues as we adapt to technology, computer-mediated interaction, suburban sprawl, and modern life. We need groups, and groups need us. Our relationship with groups warrants attention on this interdependence as we come to know our communities, our world, and ourselves.
19.1 What Is a Group?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Define groups and teams.
2. Discuss how primary and secondary groups meet our interpersonal needs.
3. Discuss how groups tend to limit their own size and create group norms.
Let’s get into a time machine and travel way, way back to join early humans in prehistoric times. Their needs are like ours today: they cannot exist or thrive without ...
50 Free Persuasive Essay Examples (+BEST Topics) ᐅ TemplateLab. Example Of A Persuasive Essay About School Uniforms | Sitedoct.org. Best 25+ Persuasive writing examples ideas on Pinterest | What is .... Beautiful Best Persuasive Essay Topics ~ Thatsnotus. Outline For Persuasive Essay Template | PDF. Persuasive Essay Writing prompts and Template for Free. ⚡ Top 10 persuasive topics. 120+ Good Persuasive Essay Topics From Easy .... persuasive essay writing persuasive essay writer tufadmersincom .... Writing the persuasive essay. Persuasive Essay Examples | Preview. 48 Amazing Persuasive Essay Examples – RedlineSP. 013 Good Persuasive Essay Topics Example ~ Thatsnotus. 013 Persuasive Essay Sample Example Arg V Pers Animal Testing Bw O .... Persuasive Text For 4th Grade - Shawn Woodard's Reading Worksheets. Need Help Writing A Persuasive Essay. Help Me Write A Persuasive Essay. FREE 8+ Persuasive Essay Samples in MS Word | PDF. Examples How To Write A Persuasive Essay - Acker Script. 006 Examples Of Persuasive Essays Essay Example ~ Thatsnotus.
Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/books Saylor.org
722
Chapter 19
Group Communication, Teamwork, and Leadership
Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common vision. The ability to direct individual
accomplishments toward organizational objectives. It is the fuel that allows common people to attain
uncommon results.
Andrew Carnegie
Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed people can change the world. Indeed, it is the
only thing that ever has.
Margaret Mead
Getting Started
I N T R O D U C T O R Y E X E R C I S E S
1. List the family and social groups you belong to and interact with on a regular basis—for example, within a
twenty-four-hour period or within a typical week. Please also consider forums, online communities, and
Web sites where you follow threads of discussion or post regularly. Discuss your results with your
classmates.
2. List the professional (i.e., work-related) groups you interact with in order of frequency. Please also
consider informal as well as formal groups (e.g., the 10:30 coffee club and the colleagues you often share
your commute with). Compare your results with those of your classmates.
3. Identify one group to which you no longer belong. List at least one reason why you no longer belong to
this group. Compare your results with those of your classmates.
As humans, we are social beings. We naturally form relationships with others. In fact, relationships are
often noted as one of the most important aspects of a person’s life, and they exist in many forms.
Interpersonal communication occurs between two people, but group communication may involve two or
more individuals. Groups are a primary context for interaction within the business community. Groups
may have heroes, enemies, and sages alongside new members. Groups overlap and may share common
goals, but they may also engage in conflict. Groups can be supportive or coercive and can exert powerful
influences over individuals.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/books Saylor.org
723
Within a group, individuals may behave in distinct ways, use unique or specialized terms, or display
symbols that have meaning to that group. Those same terms or symbols may be confusing, meaningless,
or even unacceptable to another group. An individual may belong to both groups, adapting his or her
communication patterns to meet group normative expectations. Groups are increasingly important across
social media venues, and there are many examples of successful business ventures on the Web that value
and promote group interaction.
Groups use words to exchange meaning, establish territory, and identify who is a stranger versus who is a
trusted member. Are you familiar with the term “troll”? It is often used to identify someone who is not a
member of an online group or community; does not share the values and beliefs of the group; and post.
Here is the lecture from the week The article is in this lecture. .docxtrappiteboni
Here is the lecture from the week: The article is in this lecture. Essentially I just need 2 to 3 paragraphs to answer the question above.
Introduction
|
Step 1
|
Step 2
|
Step 3
|
Step 4
|
Step 5
|
Summary
Introduction
Back to Top
Forming strategies to deal with diversity issues can be a tricky business. The popular approach today is political correctness, which unfortunately, is often neither political nor correct. This is not to say that it is acceptable to behave or speak in a disrespectful manner to or about other persons, or to tolerate overt discrimination against others. What it does mean is that we should be focusing on the underlying power associated with these terms, attitudes, and behaviors. An example is the current view of the use of the n-word. It is considered so demeaning and insulting that it cannot even be spoken aloud, yet everyone knows exactly what the n-word is. The point is that it isn't the word, but rather the cultural understandings and reactions that are conjured up by the single letter
n
. What we have done is to simply replace one word with another without changing the underlying meaning and power of the term. It seems that many think that by making the speaking of the word taboo, the racist meaning behind it no longer exists. Unfortunately, nothing is that simple.
A Class Divided - PBS Frontline Video
Please click on the link to view the PBS Frontline video titled
A Class Divided
.
Step 1
Back to Top
To begin, we must look within our own social and cultural understandings. We all have prejudices and ideological values about ourselves and others, and we talked about these in a previous lecture. One of the problems with the politically correct approach is that it labels people whose understandings do not conform to doctrine as either racist or sexist. This amounts to trying to eliminate derogatory stereotyping by applying derogatory stereotypes and is; therefore, just as likely to arouse resentment and resistance in the dominant group as it is in any minority group.
The first step is to overcome the reluctance to admit that we base our reactions to, or understandings of, minority groups on values and assumptions that may not be accurate or factual. As was pointed out earlier in the course, much of what we know comes from a very limited set of information sources. Most people with whom we interact regularly are more like ourselves than not, and we tend to place value and acceptability on those things that are familiar and comfortable. Our educational system has for many years placed White, middle-class, and mostly male ideals, achievements, and values at the core of our curriculums. Much of what is learned about minorities is negative, in the sense that they are presented as subordinate groups who performed menial tasks and are often portrayed as simple, child-like people who needed care and nurturing. Little mention was made of people such as Dr. Charles Drew, Elijah McCoy, Otis Boykin, Garrett Mor.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Br7XGAwC80E
Intercultural Competence?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XUO59Emi3eo
Intercultural Competence
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJqBhLgSNQY
Mind Set
Similarities: Differences
Heart Set
Self-esteem
Self-monitoring
Empathy
Open-mindedness
Reserving judgment
Socially relaxed
Skill Set
Agility
Message skills
Appropriate self-disclosure
Behavioral flexibility
Interaction management
(Louise Giesbrecht and Janet M. Bennett, PhD, 2013)
Key terms for Intercultural Competence and Civic
Engagement Project
Ingroup
The groups to which we belong that enhance our perceptions of self. They are important to our self-esteem. We are typically favorably biased about our ingroups and ingroup members.
Outgroup
The groups to which we do not belong, and to whom we may develop biases and/or prejudice (if threatened).
Culture
Culture includes the following
History
Politics
Economics
Communication styles
Set of values, beliefs, traditions and practices, norms, and attitudes
And is shared within a group and transmitted to other members
She may eat primarily Korean with her family, speak Korean in her home, and celebrate the Korean New Year.
Additionally, this person may be a practicing Korean Buddhist who honors sacred Buddhist holidays with visits to a temple, or an altar to deceased ancestors in her home, and special foods.
She may feel a special obligation to take care of her aging parents when they can no longer take care of themselves.
And, she may enjoy American music, eat Mexican food, and celebrate the 4th of July and Thanksgiving with her friends.
9
Worldview
Cognitive and affective lens through which people construe their experiences and make sense of the world around them.
How would you characterize the worldview of the man in the video?
Civic Engagement
Active participation in the public life of a local, national, and/or global community in an informed, committed, and constructive manner. Civic engagement includes focusing on a shared or common goal that enhances the defined “community.”
Civic engagement can start by learning about how to get involved with the intention of becoming involved in a shared goal.
Adapted from Balls Organista, P., Marin, G., & Chun, K.M. (2010). The Psychology of Ethnic Groups in the United States. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
PARTNERS IN SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE
Social responsibility includes intercultural competence, knowledge of civic responsibility, and the ability to engage effectively in regional, national, and global communities, including the workplace. These skills are rated highest as desirable skills among hiring managers.
Intercultural competence includes:
1. Knowledge of your own culture and how it has shaped your world view.
2. Knowledge of significant characteristics of other cultures.
3. Awareness of differences and similarities in cultures.
4. Ability to adjust y ...
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PSY 3140, Social Psychology 1 Course Learning OutcVannaJoy20
PSY 3140, Social Psychology 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Evaluate the underlying principles in the field of social psychology.
2.1 Identify the differences between intuition and logic thinking systems.
2.2 Describe the roles and functions of biases and heuristics in the intuition thinking system.
6. Explain how social environments influence the understanding of individuals.
6.1 Apply theories and principles regarding self-knowledge to indicate how our self-concept is
socially determined.
Course/Unit
Learning Outcomes
Learning Activity
2.1
Unit Lesson
Chapter 4
Unit II Assessment
2.2
Unit Lesson
Chapter 4
Unit II Assessment
6.1
Unit Lesson
Chapter 3
Unit II Assessment
Reading Assignment
Chapter 3: The Social Self
Chapter 4: Social Cognition
UNIT II STUDY GUIDE
Perceiving Ourselves
and the World
PSY 3140, Social Psychology 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Unit Lesson
The Social Self
Who are you? How did you determine who you are? Do humans differ in this respect from other animals? The
concept of the self has been something that psychologists and laypeople alike have attempted to explain.
Early investigation into these questions led Gordon Gallup to place animals in front of a mirror with red dye on
part of their faces. Some animals, like great apes and dolphins, noticed that their image had changed when
placed in front of a mirror, indicating that they have self-recognition, or an understanding that one is a
separate entity from others and objects in the world (Heinzen & Goodfriend, 2019). When does self-
recognition occur in human
infants? Self-recognition develops
in human infants at around the
age of 2, and it continues to
develop across the lifespan. At
first, this concept is concrete and
focused on observable
characteristics (e.g., I have brown
hair) then becomes more abstract
(e.g., I consider myself religious)
and focused on psychological
characteristics (e.g., I am nice) in
childhood and adolescence. How
would you describe yourself right
now? Now think about how you
would have described yourself
when you were four. It might be
hard to remember, but at age 4,
many of you probably described
yourselves in terms of
observational characteristics.
How do you come to even know what descriptors fit you? This relates to the term self-concept, which is the
personal summary of who we believe we are, and it can be acquired through many sources as noted by
Heinzen and Goodfriend (2019). For example, you can rely on other people to provide self-knowledge. You
can come to know yourself by comparing yourself to others on abilities, traits, and attitudes. This is known as
social comparison theory. You make social comparisons when you have little information available, and you
typically compare yourself to others who are similar to you. However, you do not always do this. Some ...
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Research Methods Spring 2020 – Research proposal Points 0.docxverad6
Research Methods Spring 2020 – Research proposal
Points:
0
1
2
3
Introduction
APA Format
Not APA format
Tried APA format
Mostly APA, some errors
Good APA format
Literature Review
No real review of the existing literature
Minimal review. It’s not clear how cited lit relates to your research
Decent review of the current literature on your topic. Have at least 3 references that directly relate to your research question
Good review of the current literature on your topic. Have at least 5 references that directly relate to your research question
Hypotheses
Hypotheses not mentioned or it’s not a testable hypothesis
Hypotheses stated at the end of intro. Hypotheses don’t really follow from literature or don’t entirely make sense
Hypotheses that follow from the literature. Hypotheses are testable and directional.
Well thought out and interesting hypotheses based on the literature – testable and directional.
Methods
Participants
Very little thought into participant selection
Clearly state how data will be collected – e.g. what’s the population. How would you obtain a sample from that population
Clearly state how data will be collected, state the population, include a sample size determination based on the literature
Well thought out sample size determination based on the literature – clearly state the population and a feasible method for collecting data from that population.
Procedure – research design
Little info about procedure
Not a clear procedure
Stated research design that tests the hypotheses
Procedure section clearly lays out research design. The research design provides a good test of the hypotheses
Procedure - Materials
No or little info about materials
Vague info about materials
Materials (e.g. measures, manipulations) make sense given the hypotheses and research design. Measures clearly labeled as independent or dependent variables.
Well thought out materials. Materials selected make sense given the hypotheses and research design and thought was put into controls variables and choosing measures that are well-established. Measures clearly labeled as independent or dependent variables.
Proposed analyses
No info about proposed analyses
Include proposed analyses, but they don’t make sense given the hypotheses
Proposed analyses make sense given the hypotheses.
Well thought out statistical analyses given hypotheses. Analyses take into consideration all measures and manipulations in the study.
Total (out of 21)
http://pss.sagepub.com/
Psychological Science
http://pss.sagepub.com/content/24/1/112
The online version of this article can be found at:
DOI: 10.1177/0956797612457392
2013 24: 112 originally published online 12 November 2012Psychological Science
David R. Kille, Amanda L. Forest and Joanne V. Wood
Tall, Dark, and Stable : Embodiment Motivates Mate Selection Preferences
Published by:
http://www.sagepublications.com
On behalf of:
Association for Psychological Science
can be found at:Psych.
Research Methods in Anthropology Part 1 Discuss the strengths .docxverad6
Research Methods in Anthropology
Part 1: Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of qualitative field research, highlighting the ethical issues involved in using these methods. Describe how reliability and validity relate to qualitative field research. Are focus groups relevant in field research? If yes, how?
Part 2: Describe and compare the 3 unobtrusive research designs: content analysis, analysis of existing statistics, and historical/comparative analysis. Outline the strengths and weaknesses of each and describe how reliability and validity relate to each.
Reading and Reference Links
In addition to the readings in Week 4 Learning Resources, read the following:
· Chapters 12 and 13 in the Social Science Research Methods e-Text
· For reference: Title: Research Methods in Anthropology: http://www.dphu.org/uploads/attachements/books/books_476_0.pdf (NOTE: This is a lengthy textbook and may take time to open.)
The article Participant Observation on the Wikipedia website is used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license.Participant observation
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Participant observation is one type of data collection method typically done in the qualitative research paradigm. It is a widely used methodology in many disciplines, particularly cultural anthropology, less so in sociology, communication studies, human geography and social psychology. Its aim is to gain a close and intimate familiarity with a given group of individuals (such as a religious, occupational, sub cultural group, or a particular community) and their practices through an intensive involvement with people in their cultural environment, usually over an extended period of time. The method originated in the field research of social anthropologists, especially Bronisław Malinowski in Britain, the students of Franz Boas in the United States, and in the later urban research of the Chicago School of sociology.
Contents
· 1 History and development
· 2 Method and practice
· 2.1 Types of participant observation
· 2.1.1 Impact of researcher involvement
· 3 Ethical concerns
· 4 See also
· 5 References
· 6 External links
History and development
Participant observation was used extensively by Frank Hamilton Cushing in his study of the Zuni Indians in the later part of the nineteenth century, followed by the studies of non-Western societies by people such as Bronisław Malinowski,[1]E.E. Evans-Pritchard,[2] and Margaret Mead[3] in the first half of the twentieth century. It emerged as the principal approach to ethnographicresearch by anthropologists and relied on the cultivation of personal relationships with local informants as a way of learning about a culture, involving both observing and participating in the social life of a group. By living with the cultures they studied, researchers were able to formulate first hand accounts of their lives and gain novel insights. This same method of study has also been applied to gro.
Research MethodsTitle pageIntroduction - overview Lite.docxverad6
Research Methods
Title page
Introduction - overview
Literature Review - theories, research, data
Methods – what you did, collection,
Findings – what was found, analysis, observations
Discussion – pull everything together
References
Research Methods
Title page
Introduction - overview
Literature Review - theories, research, data
Methods – what you did, collection,
Findings – what was found, analysis, observations
Discussion – pull everything together
References
.
Research MethodsLaShanda McMahonUniversity o.docxverad6
Research Methods
LaShanda McMahon
University of Phoenix
Formulating the Problem Statement and the Purpose Statement
Over the past decade, there have been several changes in drug addiction treatment that has shown results that show reduced associated health and social costs by more than the cost of the treatments. It has been found that treatments cost much less that the alternatives, such as incarcerating people with addictions. There are many savings related to healthcare, which includes, total savings that can exceed costs with a ratio of 12 to 1. Major savings to the individual and to society also stems from fewer interpersonal conflicts; greater workplace productivity; and fewer drug-related accidents, including overdoses and deaths (Woody, M.D., 2018).
Problem Statement
A common misperception is detoxification cures the addiction, yet addiction is a chronic disorder requiring long term multimodal treatment (Korsmeyer et al., 2009. Long-term treatment for substance abuse and co-occurring disorders might reduce recidivism rates and lessen costs for rehabilitation. Goldstein, A. (1997). examined the benefits of long-term substance abuse and posited the benefits. Goldstein further suggested not treating addiction appropriately or at all contributes to the high costs associated with substance use in the United States.
Insurance companies are reluctant to support long term substance abuse treatment; however, Weisner, Ray, Mertens, Satre and Moore (2003) noted patients receiving a minimum of six months substance treatment abstained from drug and alcohol use at least five years after treatment yet abusers of alcohol were less likely to remain sober for lengthy periods of time after treatment (Weisner et al., 2003).
According to the National Drug Institute (2012), every dollar invested in substance abuse treatment yields a return of $5.50 in reduced drug-related crime, costs associated with criminal justice, and theft. Healthcare savings can exceed costs by a 12 to 1 ratio. Therefore, drug addiction treatment reduces costs associated with primary care and is less costly than incarceration. Addressing addiction also contributes to the more positive aspects of life, such as increase in work productivity, and fewer incidents related to drug use, fewer overdoses and deaths.
Purpose Statement
The purpose of this correlational study is to see if a relationship exists among periods of sobriety and four levels of substance abuse treatment. The research will examine substance abuse treatment throughout various levels of care: higher levels (detox, Inpatient (IP), and Residential (RTC) and lower levels (partial hospitalization (PHP), Intensive Outpatient (IOP), and routine Outpatient (OP). Current trends in substance abuse treatment provides evidence that length of treatment is inadequate contributing to more frequent relapses among substance abusers. Longer treatment options for addiction may reduce the number of relapses, reduce costs asso.
Research Mapp v. Ohio (1961), and then discuss what the police o.docxverad6
Research Mapp v. Ohio (1961), and then discuss what the police officers did or did not do that warranted the case decision. Discuss, the argument of the prosecution, and the argument of the defense or dissenting view. (3 - 4 pages, Time New Roman, 12-point font, double-spaced). Two scholarly journal articles should be included as references.
.
Research methods a critical review1AimsTo .docxverad6
Research
methods a critical review
1
Aims
To re-cap on learning to date
To explore in a little more depth some examples of methods
To review grounded theory
To explore ethnography
In-put around 3 actual research projects (PhD study)
So far….
We are aware that there are different research methodologies which lead to the use of different methods
There is a fundamental split based upon structure
determining whether a qualitative or quantitative approach is taken
This is influenced by researcher preferences and the area to be followed
Which methods is best?
Opinion is divided and this means there is no simple answer
Debate about which approach is superior ends in personal preference and that all methods have their own strengths
Yet there is a critical review of both methods and methodology
Important to engage with to understand bias and limitation
Method 1: Surveys
What? Gathers information / opinions / can describe a trend
Can be structured / semi-structured / sample or whole population
Usefulness / strengths: Provides a quantitative or numeric description of events
Limitations: Closed and encoded / lacks flexibility/ restricted information / researcher and tool are in control
Method 2: Interviews
What? ‘Conversation with a purpose’ / two way approach / Unstructured / semi-structured
Usefulness / strengths: Findings are created and recorded at the time / flexibility / allows for a reflexive approach
Limitations: Requires a skilled interviewer / side-lining can be a problem / personal disclosure / ethically challenging
Methods 3: Focus group
What? A group interview or discussion (Gill et al., 2008). Based upon interaction to create findings.
Usefulness / strengths: Less time required and rich qualitative data created / findings are co-constructed / potential for egalitarianism
Limitations: Requires careful facilitation / some participant may dominate / ethics / sensitivity need to be adhered to
E.G. Grounded Theory (GT)
A qualitative strategy were theory is derived from participants feedback (understand humans)
Data collection and analysis occur simultaneously
Social processes are discovered building ideas / theory from the ground up / avoiding pre-conceptions
Categories and analytic codes developed from data
Theoretical sampling used to refine categories
Analytical memos used between coding
and writing
Categories integrated into a theoretical
framework
Defining and evaluating…
“The spirit of grounded theory is open-ended and flexible, a form of research that seeks to understand individuals involved in social interactions of various types within various contexts” Gilgun (2010)
GT provides tools, which are flexible, reflexive and allowing ‘fresh ways’ to examine data
“ We begin by being open to what is happening in the studies scenes and interview statements so that we might learn about out research participants’ lives” Charmaz (2006)
Ethos / Guides for GT
Charmaz comments on the importance of .
Research Methods 1Draft 1Anton Kropotkin Banking system .docxverad6
Research Methods 1
Draft 1
Anton Kropotkin
Banking system and economy of Russia
1) Proposal
· Idea
Make a research of about banking system and economy of Russian Federation and connect it to small business, politics and corruption. Recognize week points, and establish possible solutions, that can improve economy of Russia.
· Introduction
The central Bank of Russia was created since 1990s and up to know days it is the bank of the first level, which is the main bank for holding federal funds of 475 billion dollars up to know. The central bank is the main one to issue banknotes and is acting as the main coordinating and regulatory body of the entire credit system of the country. Also it controls the activities of credit organizations, issues and withdraws licenses from them for banking operations, and credit organizations work with other legal entities and individuals. The economy of Russia is directly connected with Central bank and plays the biggest role. Currently the situation in our country is not the best, and the crisis is developing in bad way. Year by year people are living worse, mainly due to inflation, people who got the normal job, let’s say as a teacher have the same salary but the prices for the goods are growing dramatically. The bank and economy of Russia are seriously affected by prices for oil which now days jump a lot in prices, mainly due to geo politics of our country.
· What are the problem?
As in beginning my main objective was to study the bank system and the central bank of Russian Federation. But after analyzing data and thinking about all of those years, looking how the economy and our currency, falls in front of Dollar and Euro, which means the economy struggles and there are weak points in Russian economy.
· Topics to connect (problems to solutions)
1) Small business has two chooses or they fall as a bankruptcy or they don’t pay taxes.
Reasons: Low wages vs high prices for goods, high inflation, monopolization of a number of economic sectors and bureaucracy.
2) Politics
Reasons: Sanctions, geo politics, micro, and oil prices.
3) Corruption
Reasons: 52% of corruption, which means the government don’t get paid taxes. Government regulations
All of that plays a big role in economy of Russia, in which I want to study and make my research paper, I want to find solutions and how people in my country can live better.
· Structure
1) Introduction
2) Structure of central bank and system
3) Functions
4) Legal status
5) Goals of Central bank and growing economy
6) Problems
7)
Solution
s
8) Conclusion
· Conclusion of the proposal
After researching about this topic and thinking further, I can see that my country experiencing lack of attention in banking system, government regulations and political side, which are affecting the Russian economy dramatically, there are many reasons which I have proposed on up section, my objective will be to find solution to each one and see how they are all connected .
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Here is the lecture from the week The article is in this lecture. .docxtrappiteboni
Here is the lecture from the week: The article is in this lecture. Essentially I just need 2 to 3 paragraphs to answer the question above.
Introduction
|
Step 1
|
Step 2
|
Step 3
|
Step 4
|
Step 5
|
Summary
Introduction
Back to Top
Forming strategies to deal with diversity issues can be a tricky business. The popular approach today is political correctness, which unfortunately, is often neither political nor correct. This is not to say that it is acceptable to behave or speak in a disrespectful manner to or about other persons, or to tolerate overt discrimination against others. What it does mean is that we should be focusing on the underlying power associated with these terms, attitudes, and behaviors. An example is the current view of the use of the n-word. It is considered so demeaning and insulting that it cannot even be spoken aloud, yet everyone knows exactly what the n-word is. The point is that it isn't the word, but rather the cultural understandings and reactions that are conjured up by the single letter
n
. What we have done is to simply replace one word with another without changing the underlying meaning and power of the term. It seems that many think that by making the speaking of the word taboo, the racist meaning behind it no longer exists. Unfortunately, nothing is that simple.
A Class Divided - PBS Frontline Video
Please click on the link to view the PBS Frontline video titled
A Class Divided
.
Step 1
Back to Top
To begin, we must look within our own social and cultural understandings. We all have prejudices and ideological values about ourselves and others, and we talked about these in a previous lecture. One of the problems with the politically correct approach is that it labels people whose understandings do not conform to doctrine as either racist or sexist. This amounts to trying to eliminate derogatory stereotyping by applying derogatory stereotypes and is; therefore, just as likely to arouse resentment and resistance in the dominant group as it is in any minority group.
The first step is to overcome the reluctance to admit that we base our reactions to, or understandings of, minority groups on values and assumptions that may not be accurate or factual. As was pointed out earlier in the course, much of what we know comes from a very limited set of information sources. Most people with whom we interact regularly are more like ourselves than not, and we tend to place value and acceptability on those things that are familiar and comfortable. Our educational system has for many years placed White, middle-class, and mostly male ideals, achievements, and values at the core of our curriculums. Much of what is learned about minorities is negative, in the sense that they are presented as subordinate groups who performed menial tasks and are often portrayed as simple, child-like people who needed care and nurturing. Little mention was made of people such as Dr. Charles Drew, Elijah McCoy, Otis Boykin, Garrett Mor.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Br7XGAwC80E
Intercultural Competence?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XUO59Emi3eo
Intercultural Competence
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJqBhLgSNQY
Mind Set
Similarities: Differences
Heart Set
Self-esteem
Self-monitoring
Empathy
Open-mindedness
Reserving judgment
Socially relaxed
Skill Set
Agility
Message skills
Appropriate self-disclosure
Behavioral flexibility
Interaction management
(Louise Giesbrecht and Janet M. Bennett, PhD, 2013)
Key terms for Intercultural Competence and Civic
Engagement Project
Ingroup
The groups to which we belong that enhance our perceptions of self. They are important to our self-esteem. We are typically favorably biased about our ingroups and ingroup members.
Outgroup
The groups to which we do not belong, and to whom we may develop biases and/or prejudice (if threatened).
Culture
Culture includes the following
History
Politics
Economics
Communication styles
Set of values, beliefs, traditions and practices, norms, and attitudes
And is shared within a group and transmitted to other members
She may eat primarily Korean with her family, speak Korean in her home, and celebrate the Korean New Year.
Additionally, this person may be a practicing Korean Buddhist who honors sacred Buddhist holidays with visits to a temple, or an altar to deceased ancestors in her home, and special foods.
She may feel a special obligation to take care of her aging parents when they can no longer take care of themselves.
And, she may enjoy American music, eat Mexican food, and celebrate the 4th of July and Thanksgiving with her friends.
9
Worldview
Cognitive and affective lens through which people construe their experiences and make sense of the world around them.
How would you characterize the worldview of the man in the video?
Civic Engagement
Active participation in the public life of a local, national, and/or global community in an informed, committed, and constructive manner. Civic engagement includes focusing on a shared or common goal that enhances the defined “community.”
Civic engagement can start by learning about how to get involved with the intention of becoming involved in a shared goal.
Adapted from Balls Organista, P., Marin, G., & Chun, K.M. (2010). The Psychology of Ethnic Groups in the United States. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
PARTNERS IN SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE
Social responsibility includes intercultural competence, knowledge of civic responsibility, and the ability to engage effectively in regional, national, and global communities, including the workplace. These skills are rated highest as desirable skills among hiring managers.
Intercultural competence includes:
1. Knowledge of your own culture and how it has shaped your world view.
2. Knowledge of significant characteristics of other cultures.
3. Awareness of differences and similarities in cultures.
4. Ability to adjust y ...
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PSY 3140, Social Psychology 1 Course Learning OutcVannaJoy20
PSY 3140, Social Psychology 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Evaluate the underlying principles in the field of social psychology.
2.1 Identify the differences between intuition and logic thinking systems.
2.2 Describe the roles and functions of biases and heuristics in the intuition thinking system.
6. Explain how social environments influence the understanding of individuals.
6.1 Apply theories and principles regarding self-knowledge to indicate how our self-concept is
socially determined.
Course/Unit
Learning Outcomes
Learning Activity
2.1
Unit Lesson
Chapter 4
Unit II Assessment
2.2
Unit Lesson
Chapter 4
Unit II Assessment
6.1
Unit Lesson
Chapter 3
Unit II Assessment
Reading Assignment
Chapter 3: The Social Self
Chapter 4: Social Cognition
UNIT II STUDY GUIDE
Perceiving Ourselves
and the World
PSY 3140, Social Psychology 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Unit Lesson
The Social Self
Who are you? How did you determine who you are? Do humans differ in this respect from other animals? The
concept of the self has been something that psychologists and laypeople alike have attempted to explain.
Early investigation into these questions led Gordon Gallup to place animals in front of a mirror with red dye on
part of their faces. Some animals, like great apes and dolphins, noticed that their image had changed when
placed in front of a mirror, indicating that they have self-recognition, or an understanding that one is a
separate entity from others and objects in the world (Heinzen & Goodfriend, 2019). When does self-
recognition occur in human
infants? Self-recognition develops
in human infants at around the
age of 2, and it continues to
develop across the lifespan. At
first, this concept is concrete and
focused on observable
characteristics (e.g., I have brown
hair) then becomes more abstract
(e.g., I consider myself religious)
and focused on psychological
characteristics (e.g., I am nice) in
childhood and adolescence. How
would you describe yourself right
now? Now think about how you
would have described yourself
when you were four. It might be
hard to remember, but at age 4,
many of you probably described
yourselves in terms of
observational characteristics.
How do you come to even know what descriptors fit you? This relates to the term self-concept, which is the
personal summary of who we believe we are, and it can be acquired through many sources as noted by
Heinzen and Goodfriend (2019). For example, you can rely on other people to provide self-knowledge. You
can come to know yourself by comparing yourself to others on abilities, traits, and attitudes. This is known as
social comparison theory. You make social comparisons when you have little information available, and you
typically compare yourself to others who are similar to you. However, you do not always do this. Some ...
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Research Methods Spring 2020 – Research proposal Points 0.docxverad6
Research Methods Spring 2020 – Research proposal
Points:
0
1
2
3
Introduction
APA Format
Not APA format
Tried APA format
Mostly APA, some errors
Good APA format
Literature Review
No real review of the existing literature
Minimal review. It’s not clear how cited lit relates to your research
Decent review of the current literature on your topic. Have at least 3 references that directly relate to your research question
Good review of the current literature on your topic. Have at least 5 references that directly relate to your research question
Hypotheses
Hypotheses not mentioned or it’s not a testable hypothesis
Hypotheses stated at the end of intro. Hypotheses don’t really follow from literature or don’t entirely make sense
Hypotheses that follow from the literature. Hypotheses are testable and directional.
Well thought out and interesting hypotheses based on the literature – testable and directional.
Methods
Participants
Very little thought into participant selection
Clearly state how data will be collected – e.g. what’s the population. How would you obtain a sample from that population
Clearly state how data will be collected, state the population, include a sample size determination based on the literature
Well thought out sample size determination based on the literature – clearly state the population and a feasible method for collecting data from that population.
Procedure – research design
Little info about procedure
Not a clear procedure
Stated research design that tests the hypotheses
Procedure section clearly lays out research design. The research design provides a good test of the hypotheses
Procedure - Materials
No or little info about materials
Vague info about materials
Materials (e.g. measures, manipulations) make sense given the hypotheses and research design. Measures clearly labeled as independent or dependent variables.
Well thought out materials. Materials selected make sense given the hypotheses and research design and thought was put into controls variables and choosing measures that are well-established. Measures clearly labeled as independent or dependent variables.
Proposed analyses
No info about proposed analyses
Include proposed analyses, but they don’t make sense given the hypotheses
Proposed analyses make sense given the hypotheses.
Well thought out statistical analyses given hypotheses. Analyses take into consideration all measures and manipulations in the study.
Total (out of 21)
http://pss.sagepub.com/
Psychological Science
http://pss.sagepub.com/content/24/1/112
The online version of this article can be found at:
DOI: 10.1177/0956797612457392
2013 24: 112 originally published online 12 November 2012Psychological Science
David R. Kille, Amanda L. Forest and Joanne V. Wood
Tall, Dark, and Stable : Embodiment Motivates Mate Selection Preferences
Published by:
http://www.sagepublications.com
On behalf of:
Association for Psychological Science
can be found at:Psych.
Research Methods in Anthropology Part 1 Discuss the strengths .docxverad6
Research Methods in Anthropology
Part 1: Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of qualitative field research, highlighting the ethical issues involved in using these methods. Describe how reliability and validity relate to qualitative field research. Are focus groups relevant in field research? If yes, how?
Part 2: Describe and compare the 3 unobtrusive research designs: content analysis, analysis of existing statistics, and historical/comparative analysis. Outline the strengths and weaknesses of each and describe how reliability and validity relate to each.
Reading and Reference Links
In addition to the readings in Week 4 Learning Resources, read the following:
· Chapters 12 and 13 in the Social Science Research Methods e-Text
· For reference: Title: Research Methods in Anthropology: http://www.dphu.org/uploads/attachements/books/books_476_0.pdf (NOTE: This is a lengthy textbook and may take time to open.)
The article Participant Observation on the Wikipedia website is used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license.Participant observation
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Participant observation is one type of data collection method typically done in the qualitative research paradigm. It is a widely used methodology in many disciplines, particularly cultural anthropology, less so in sociology, communication studies, human geography and social psychology. Its aim is to gain a close and intimate familiarity with a given group of individuals (such as a religious, occupational, sub cultural group, or a particular community) and their practices through an intensive involvement with people in their cultural environment, usually over an extended period of time. The method originated in the field research of social anthropologists, especially Bronisław Malinowski in Britain, the students of Franz Boas in the United States, and in the later urban research of the Chicago School of sociology.
Contents
· 1 History and development
· 2 Method and practice
· 2.1 Types of participant observation
· 2.1.1 Impact of researcher involvement
· 3 Ethical concerns
· 4 See also
· 5 References
· 6 External links
History and development
Participant observation was used extensively by Frank Hamilton Cushing in his study of the Zuni Indians in the later part of the nineteenth century, followed by the studies of non-Western societies by people such as Bronisław Malinowski,[1]E.E. Evans-Pritchard,[2] and Margaret Mead[3] in the first half of the twentieth century. It emerged as the principal approach to ethnographicresearch by anthropologists and relied on the cultivation of personal relationships with local informants as a way of learning about a culture, involving both observing and participating in the social life of a group. By living with the cultures they studied, researchers were able to formulate first hand accounts of their lives and gain novel insights. This same method of study has also been applied to gro.
Research MethodsTitle pageIntroduction - overview Lite.docxverad6
Research Methods
Title page
Introduction - overview
Literature Review - theories, research, data
Methods – what you did, collection,
Findings – what was found, analysis, observations
Discussion – pull everything together
References
Research Methods
Title page
Introduction - overview
Literature Review - theories, research, data
Methods – what you did, collection,
Findings – what was found, analysis, observations
Discussion – pull everything together
References
.
Research MethodsLaShanda McMahonUniversity o.docxverad6
Research Methods
LaShanda McMahon
University of Phoenix
Formulating the Problem Statement and the Purpose Statement
Over the past decade, there have been several changes in drug addiction treatment that has shown results that show reduced associated health and social costs by more than the cost of the treatments. It has been found that treatments cost much less that the alternatives, such as incarcerating people with addictions. There are many savings related to healthcare, which includes, total savings that can exceed costs with a ratio of 12 to 1. Major savings to the individual and to society also stems from fewer interpersonal conflicts; greater workplace productivity; and fewer drug-related accidents, including overdoses and deaths (Woody, M.D., 2018).
Problem Statement
A common misperception is detoxification cures the addiction, yet addiction is a chronic disorder requiring long term multimodal treatment (Korsmeyer et al., 2009. Long-term treatment for substance abuse and co-occurring disorders might reduce recidivism rates and lessen costs for rehabilitation. Goldstein, A. (1997). examined the benefits of long-term substance abuse and posited the benefits. Goldstein further suggested not treating addiction appropriately or at all contributes to the high costs associated with substance use in the United States.
Insurance companies are reluctant to support long term substance abuse treatment; however, Weisner, Ray, Mertens, Satre and Moore (2003) noted patients receiving a minimum of six months substance treatment abstained from drug and alcohol use at least five years after treatment yet abusers of alcohol were less likely to remain sober for lengthy periods of time after treatment (Weisner et al., 2003).
According to the National Drug Institute (2012), every dollar invested in substance abuse treatment yields a return of $5.50 in reduced drug-related crime, costs associated with criminal justice, and theft. Healthcare savings can exceed costs by a 12 to 1 ratio. Therefore, drug addiction treatment reduces costs associated with primary care and is less costly than incarceration. Addressing addiction also contributes to the more positive aspects of life, such as increase in work productivity, and fewer incidents related to drug use, fewer overdoses and deaths.
Purpose Statement
The purpose of this correlational study is to see if a relationship exists among periods of sobriety and four levels of substance abuse treatment. The research will examine substance abuse treatment throughout various levels of care: higher levels (detox, Inpatient (IP), and Residential (RTC) and lower levels (partial hospitalization (PHP), Intensive Outpatient (IOP), and routine Outpatient (OP). Current trends in substance abuse treatment provides evidence that length of treatment is inadequate contributing to more frequent relapses among substance abusers. Longer treatment options for addiction may reduce the number of relapses, reduce costs asso.
Research Mapp v. Ohio (1961), and then discuss what the police o.docxverad6
Research Mapp v. Ohio (1961), and then discuss what the police officers did or did not do that warranted the case decision. Discuss, the argument of the prosecution, and the argument of the defense or dissenting view. (3 - 4 pages, Time New Roman, 12-point font, double-spaced). Two scholarly journal articles should be included as references.
.
Research methods a critical review1AimsTo .docxverad6
Research
methods a critical review
1
Aims
To re-cap on learning to date
To explore in a little more depth some examples of methods
To review grounded theory
To explore ethnography
In-put around 3 actual research projects (PhD study)
So far….
We are aware that there are different research methodologies which lead to the use of different methods
There is a fundamental split based upon structure
determining whether a qualitative or quantitative approach is taken
This is influenced by researcher preferences and the area to be followed
Which methods is best?
Opinion is divided and this means there is no simple answer
Debate about which approach is superior ends in personal preference and that all methods have their own strengths
Yet there is a critical review of both methods and methodology
Important to engage with to understand bias and limitation
Method 1: Surveys
What? Gathers information / opinions / can describe a trend
Can be structured / semi-structured / sample or whole population
Usefulness / strengths: Provides a quantitative or numeric description of events
Limitations: Closed and encoded / lacks flexibility/ restricted information / researcher and tool are in control
Method 2: Interviews
What? ‘Conversation with a purpose’ / two way approach / Unstructured / semi-structured
Usefulness / strengths: Findings are created and recorded at the time / flexibility / allows for a reflexive approach
Limitations: Requires a skilled interviewer / side-lining can be a problem / personal disclosure / ethically challenging
Methods 3: Focus group
What? A group interview or discussion (Gill et al., 2008). Based upon interaction to create findings.
Usefulness / strengths: Less time required and rich qualitative data created / findings are co-constructed / potential for egalitarianism
Limitations: Requires careful facilitation / some participant may dominate / ethics / sensitivity need to be adhered to
E.G. Grounded Theory (GT)
A qualitative strategy were theory is derived from participants feedback (understand humans)
Data collection and analysis occur simultaneously
Social processes are discovered building ideas / theory from the ground up / avoiding pre-conceptions
Categories and analytic codes developed from data
Theoretical sampling used to refine categories
Analytical memos used between coding
and writing
Categories integrated into a theoretical
framework
Defining and evaluating…
“The spirit of grounded theory is open-ended and flexible, a form of research that seeks to understand individuals involved in social interactions of various types within various contexts” Gilgun (2010)
GT provides tools, which are flexible, reflexive and allowing ‘fresh ways’ to examine data
“ We begin by being open to what is happening in the studies scenes and interview statements so that we might learn about out research participants’ lives” Charmaz (2006)
Ethos / Guides for GT
Charmaz comments on the importance of .
Research Methods 1Draft 1Anton Kropotkin Banking system .docxverad6
Research Methods 1
Draft 1
Anton Kropotkin
Banking system and economy of Russia
1) Proposal
· Idea
Make a research of about banking system and economy of Russian Federation and connect it to small business, politics and corruption. Recognize week points, and establish possible solutions, that can improve economy of Russia.
· Introduction
The central Bank of Russia was created since 1990s and up to know days it is the bank of the first level, which is the main bank for holding federal funds of 475 billion dollars up to know. The central bank is the main one to issue banknotes and is acting as the main coordinating and regulatory body of the entire credit system of the country. Also it controls the activities of credit organizations, issues and withdraws licenses from them for banking operations, and credit organizations work with other legal entities and individuals. The economy of Russia is directly connected with Central bank and plays the biggest role. Currently the situation in our country is not the best, and the crisis is developing in bad way. Year by year people are living worse, mainly due to inflation, people who got the normal job, let’s say as a teacher have the same salary but the prices for the goods are growing dramatically. The bank and economy of Russia are seriously affected by prices for oil which now days jump a lot in prices, mainly due to geo politics of our country.
· What are the problem?
As in beginning my main objective was to study the bank system and the central bank of Russian Federation. But after analyzing data and thinking about all of those years, looking how the economy and our currency, falls in front of Dollar and Euro, which means the economy struggles and there are weak points in Russian economy.
· Topics to connect (problems to solutions)
1) Small business has two chooses or they fall as a bankruptcy or they don’t pay taxes.
Reasons: Low wages vs high prices for goods, high inflation, monopolization of a number of economic sectors and bureaucracy.
2) Politics
Reasons: Sanctions, geo politics, micro, and oil prices.
3) Corruption
Reasons: 52% of corruption, which means the government don’t get paid taxes. Government regulations
All of that plays a big role in economy of Russia, in which I want to study and make my research paper, I want to find solutions and how people in my country can live better.
· Structure
1) Introduction
2) Structure of central bank and system
3) Functions
4) Legal status
5) Goals of Central bank and growing economy
6) Problems
7)
Solution
s
8) Conclusion
· Conclusion of the proposal
After researching about this topic and thinking further, I can see that my country experiencing lack of attention in banking system, government regulations and political side, which are affecting the Russian economy dramatically, there are many reasons which I have proposed on up section, my objective will be to find solution to each one and see how they are all connected .
Research Journal Part 4Sheroda SpearmanMGT 498Febr.docxverad6
Research Journal Part 4
Sheroda Spearman
MGT 498
February 10, 2020
James Powell
Running head: RESEARCH JOURNAL PART 4
1
RESEARCH JOURNAL PART 4
2
Research Journal Part 4
In this week’s discussion about strategic planning, we discussed more corporate strategy. We learned that there are three scopes of corporate strategy which include vertical integration, diversification as well as geographic scope. We also learned the role of the company leaders in the strategic planning of the company. The discussion also touched on concepts such as tape, innovation integration global strategy and international strategy among many other concepts (Rothaermel, 2019). The main aim of these concepts is to help the company strategically plan for activities that will help the company grow. The concepts also help to align the company strategically with other companies. In this journal, I will discuss some of these concepts and how they apply to the company’s strategic planning.
Caterpillars Inc. short versus long term goals.
Caterpillars Inc. has created both short term and long-term goals to help grow the company. The short-term goals of the company are mainly key improvements in various areas are that enable the company to achieve its long-term goals. These short-term goals include improvements in renewable energy areas, water consumption intensity, reducing the number of recordable injuries, improving sales and revenues, and reducing the GHG emissions intensity in the next five years (Caterpillar Inc., 2019). The company also has long term goals that encompass the short term goals and this includes, reducing the energy intensity by 50 percent, reducing the emissions of the company by 50 percent, reducing the water consumption in the company by 50 percent and reducing the injury recorded rate in the company by 60 percent (Caterpillar Inc., 2019). All of these should be achieved in 5 years. The short term goals are the necessary steps that the company must take to achieve its long term goals. The main purpose of achieving the goals is to reduce the costs of operations, offer better products and reduce pollution to the environment.
Mergers and acquisitions contributed to the company’s performance.
The company has acquired three companies through mergers and acquisitions in the last 5 years. Two of the three companies acquired by caterpillar are from the private sector and have divested a total of 8 assets. These mergers and acquisitions have enabled caterpillar companies to increase their aggressiveness in the market place increasing its dominance in the global industrial market (Merger. 2019). It has helped the companies increase their value, improve their overall performance and has reached an increased growth in the regional and global market share and its products in the market. It has established a strategic market realignment in the company’s network helping it achieve more market shares and thrive well in the last 5 years.
The company’s global str.
Research involves measurement scales, of which there are four type.docxverad6
Research involves measurement scales, of which there are four types. In data collection, what sources of data would you use, and how would you establish reliability and validity? Why did you choose those specific data samples?
What types of data collection strategies and research design have you experienced—whether for work or through educational means?
.
Research information about different types of healthcare appeals.docxverad6
Research information about different types of healthcare appeals processes and the Medicare Appeals Process, and choose whether to focus on a hospital or a physician billing process.
You may choose to focus on the type of health care facility that interests them. Students should summarize the mainstream appeals process for insurance carriers and for the Medicare Appeals Process.
Possible topic approaches:
Facility Examples:
Physician Offices
Inpatient Hospital
Write a comparison report summarizing their findings on the Medicare Appeals Process and their chosen healthcare setting for the appeals process.
Papers should be:
1-2 pages
Include references
Include a cover page
.
Research InstructionsTo write your paper, you may .docxverad6
Research Instructions
To write your paper, you may use journal articles, textbook
material, case studies, and Web site information. The Web
site information must come from reputable and verifiable
sources, such as the United States Department of Health and
Human Services, the American Medical Association, professional
or business organizations, or articles published by
major news organizations.
To get started on finding a real-life case example that you’re
interested in, you can use an Internet search engine such as
Google. Try entering keywords such as “HIPAA violation”
under the “News” section. Or, go to your local library and
perform a search in the medical journals or professional
publications they have on file.
Writing Guidelines
1. Type your submission, double-spaced, in a standard
print font, size 12. Use a standard document format with
1-inch margins. (Do
not
use any fancy or cursive fonts.)
2. Read the assignment carefully, and follow the instructions.
3. Be sure to include the following information at the top of
your paper:
n
Your name
n
Your student number
n
The course title
(HIPAA Compliance)
n
Graded project number (46081100)
n
The date
4. Be specific. Limit your submission to the issues covered
by your chosen topic.
46
Graded Project
5. Include a reference page in either APA or MLA style. On
this page, list Web sites, books, journals, and all other
references used in preparing the submission.
6. Proofread your work carefully. Check for correct spelling,
grammar, punctuation, and capitalization.
Research papers should include an
introductory paragraph
to introduce the reader to
the topic of the paper. Even though your grader is aware of your topic, you must always
assume that the reader is not, thus the need for an introduction. You should also have a
concluding paragraph
which “wraps it all up.”
2.
You should not include the questions or any numbering to your answers
. Your
answers to the questions must be written using complete
(indented) paragraphs
. Each
paragraph should include an
introductory sentence
, which contains portions of the
actual question. The purpose of this introductory sentence is to make the reader aware of
what question you are answering, without actually including the question.
3.
Font style should be times new roman; size 10, 11, or 12.
Doubled spaced.
4.
To avoid risk of plagiarism
,
you must include a reference page. In addition to the
reference page, you also need to use in-text citations within the body of your
paper
.
5. Research papers should
6. include a concluding paragraph at the end of
7. your paper, which restates your purpose and
8. bring your paper to a close by providing a final
9. insight into your research or the significance of
10. your topic
11. Lastly, your referen.
Research information about current considerations and challenges rel.docxverad6
Research information about current considerations and challenges related to the financial and budgetary systems in health care organizations. Consider the use of data analytics and tools in the monitoring, assessing, and evaluating of the performance of health care organizations. Include a discussion of the importance and efficacy of financial statements used in the decision-making process of health care organizations.
Support your work with at least 4 academic or professional peer-reviewed sources published within the past 5 years.
.
Research information on a traumatic situation that has affected .docxverad6
Research information on a traumatic situation that has affected learner development and family involvement in education (ex: Sandy Hook, Columbine, 9/11, etc.) Develop a strategy that can support young children experiencing a traumatic situation. How can you support the social and emotional development of young children who are coming into your classroom?
.
Research in Social Psychology [WLOs 1, 3, 4, 5, 6] [CLOs 1, 2, 3.docxverad6
Research in Social Psychology [WLOs: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6] [CLOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
To prepare for this discussion, please read
Chapter 1: Studying Social Psychology
of your textbook and
Exploring the Ethics and Psychological Impact of Deception in Psychological Research
article.
In this discussion, you will consider principles of scientific research, including methodology and ethical considerations.
First, visit the
Online Social Psychology Studies (Links to an external site.)
web page and select any study from the list. (Note that some links may be broken; if you choose a study that is unavailable, simply pick another option.) Participate in the research by following the instructions. After you have completed the study, answer the following questions (see Chapter 1 and Boynton, Portnoy, & Johnson, 2013):
Indicate
the study you completed, including the web link.
Describe
the research that was conducted. What did you do? What type of method do you think the researcher was utilizing? Can you identify the hypothesis and/or theory?
Appraise
the study based on your understanding of research gained from the reading. What elements of the study “worked” and what would you suggest the researchers do to improve their study? Mention at least three specific elements.
Indicate
any relevant ethical concerns. Was deception utilized?
Identify
situational factors and/or social and cultural influences that may impact the phenomenon being studied.
Illustrate
how this insight may be relevant to your personal or professional life through specific examples.
To fully demonstrate content knowledge and critical thinking in your Research in Social Psychology discussion
Interpret
course concepts explicitly, applying them to your personal experiences/observations, and cite the required readings as appropriate.
Be thorough and specific
, structuring your work intentionally (with an introductory and concluding sentence or two), providing clear context, and concisely and precisely explaining relevant course concepts.
Use personal examples
to illustrate as appropriate, but do be sure to provide an objective analysis too,
referencing required materials
and using additional sources as needed to support your insight.
Use your own
Academic Voice
(Links to an external site.)
and apply in-text citations
appropriately throughout your post.
Review
APA: Citing Within Your Paper (Links to an external site.)
for more information.
Your original post should be a
minimum of 300 words
.
Social Thinking [WLOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] [CLOs: 1, 2, 3, 5]
To prepare for this discussion, please read
Chapter 4: Attitudes, Attributions, and Behaviors
;
Chapter 5: Making Judgments
; and
Chapter 6: Prejudice
of your textbook, and
Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
and
Intergroup Contact Theory
articles. In addition, watch
A Class Divided
.
In this discussion, you will consider theoretical perspectives on the formation, maintenance, .
Research for Human Services Michael R. Perkins, MSW, LCS.docxverad6
Research for Human Services
Michael R. Perkins, MSW, LCSW, Contributing Editor
This edition is adapted from a Psychology research text originally produced in 2010 by a publisher who has
requested that they not receive attribution, with some material from Principles of Sociological Inquiry –
Qualitative and Quantitative Methods by Amy Blackstone, University of Maine. Both published under this
license:
Conditions of Use
FIGURE 1 IS THE SYMBOL FOR CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE THIS WORK IS RELEASED UNDER.
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
CC BY-NC-SA
This work is a derivative that is also published under that license which states:
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Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms if you follow the license terms.
The terms of the license are:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes
were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the
licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your
contributions under the same license as the original.
You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that restrict others from doing anything the
license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the book which are in the public
domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given.
The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other
rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
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Forward
About This Book
I did not write this book. I did contribute, rewrote parts of it, created some original material, and added
sections. My role is rather amorphous. Such is the nature of an open source project like this. An open
source project such as this, (when it is done properly) takes on a life of its own - which is exactly what it is
supposed to do. I did adapt, edit, and transform the original works (primarily an introductory text on
research for Psychology students along with some material from an introductory text on research for
Sociology students) into a text for Human Services majors. This book is based on those .
Research IIChapter 7, pages 190-212Related Disabilities.docxverad6
Research II
Chapter 7, pages 190-212
Related Disabilities: ASD and ADHD, characteristics, treatments (medications), methods of teaching. Section 504 services.
Support your research with only one professional article. Submit article bibliography on the reference page after the textbook information.Overall there are 7 pages required for this assignment and only one supporting professional article.
Rubric for each research paper :
1.Cover page, .50 of point
2. Abstract , 1 point
3. Table of content ,.50 of a point
4. Three pages of accurate content information ,2.50 points
5. References: Textbook and one scholarly article on the topic,1 point
text book for reference
References
Lerner, J. W. (2014).
Learning disabilities and related disabilities: Characteristics and current directions
(13th Ed). Cengage Learning
.
RESEARCH II Grade Sheet Agency Assessment Paper Part I D.docxverad6
RESEARCH II Grade Sheet
Agency Assessment Paper Part I Description of the Program
Name of Student _________________________________________________
1.An overview of the program (Heading)
2. History of the organization?
3. Mission statement in the organization
4. Organization Structure
5. History of the program within the organization
6. Program’s rationale /
definition. General purpose of the program
7..Social problems addressed by the Program (Explain in full detail with statistics) (Heading)- 1pg.
8.Intervention Methods (Heading)
9. Methods proposed to achieve the
program’s results
10. Theories that underlie the proposed
Interventions
11.Logic within the program in using these
interventions to achieve its goals
12 Describe the length of services
13.Program Funding and Cost –cost per day in hospice in New Jersey.
(Subheadings)
14. Method for Program Funding
(Public, private, state, federal, or
Local money? Public or private
Organization/) This is a private company
15.Characteristics of the staff providing services –(Heading)
16.Professional and non-professional
staff Role and credentials
(What are professional and non-
professional staff background? Are
they trained in the type of
intervention being utilized by the
program? What are the
professionals’ perspectives on
the model of intervention being
utilized?
17.What standardized method is used to
evaluate the staff performance and
client satisfaction? (Provide
SAMPLEs)
Implementation issues –(Heading)
(Subheadings)
18. Successes and Challenges in the program?
19.Do the intervention methods seem
appropriate?
20. Are people coming for services?
21.Are they the types of clients expected to come?
22.Has the amount of outreach work been underestimated and has this delayed program implementation?
Conclusion: The students demonstrate knowledge and skills by writing a summary of the evaluation process. Describe the successes and limitations of the program and the difficulties you encountered in writing this paper? What do they think needs to be changed in order to enhance this program? How would implement these changes? How does this program evaluation paper relate to social work policy, practice and research?
What Constitutes Graduate Level Writing.pdf
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Dy.
Research in how WANs and network applications are used in the ar.docxverad6
Research in how WANs and network applications are used in the areas of telecommunications.
Research into areas of how WANs and network applications are used in the areas of telecommunications answer the essay questions below in no less than
250
words each with the support overall of a minimum of “3” academic sources of research.
1. Discuss in scholarly detail why PSDN transport cores are drawn as a cloud?
2. Discuss in scholarly detail VoIP and its current uses along with any potential research on the future use of VoIP.
3. Discuss in scholarly detail why you think the explosion of applications and small mobile devices is a particular concern?
4. Discuss in scholarly detail whether or not you think that pure P2P architectures will be popular in the future?
5. Discuss in scholarly detail and come up with a list of roles that facilitating servers can play in P2P applications.
Paper Requirements:
Paper will need to include an
APA
cover page.
Paper will need to include a
100 to 150
word
abstract.
Paper will need to be a minimum of
2,000
words not including the cover page, abstract, and reference page.
Paper will need to be supported with a minimum of three academic resources.
Paper will need to follow all general formatting to meet
APA
standards of professional writing and research documentation including a complete reference page.
.
Research in psychology is a complex process that involves proper sci.docxverad6
Research in psychology is a complex process that involves proper scientific methodology. Describe how a researcher might use naturalistic observation, case studies, or survey research to investigate gender differences in aggressive behavior at the workplace. First, state a hypothesis and then describe your research approach. You should offer at least one citation to support your work.
This is a discussion post. It doesn't need to be long. 11/2 paragraph is fine and cite sources.
.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Research Model1. Select the topic2. Defining the problem3. .docx
1. Research Model:
1. Select the topic
2. Defining the problem
3. Reviewing the Literature
4. Formulating a Hypothesis
5. Choosing a research method
6. Collecting the Data
7. Analyzing the Results
8. Sharing the Results
1. Uncovering social stigma against mental illness in America.
2. I wanted to study the social stigma of mental illness in
America because many people suffer from various forms of
mental illness. Often times people do not receive treatment for
mental health issues because they are not diagnosed.
3.
· Ho, Andy H Y, Fong, Ted C T, Potash, Jordan S, Ho, Vania F
L, Chen, Eric Y H, Ho, Rainbow T H., “Deconstructing Patterns
of Stigma toward People Living with Mental Illness.” Social
Work Research, vol. 42 Issue 4, 2018, p302-312.
· Casados, Ava T.,“Reducing the Stigma of Mental Illness:
Current Approaches and Future Directions.” Clinical
Psychology: Science & Practice, vol. 24, issue 3, 2017, p 306-
323.
· Quinn, Diane M., Williams, Michelle K., Weisz, Bradley M.
“From discrimination to internalized mental illness stigma: The
mediating roles of anticipated discrimination and anticipated
stigma.” Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal. vol. 38 issue 2,
2015, p103-108.
· Peters, Heather J., Schwenk, Haley N., Ahlstrom, Zachary R.,
McIalwain, Lyndzie N. “Microaggressions: The experience of
2. individuals with mental illness.” Counselling Psychology
Quarterly. vol. 30, issue 1, 2017 p86-112. 27.
4. I primary of objective of this research is to identify college
student’s knowledge about mental illness in American culture
and the social stigma surrounding it. Studies have indicated
that lack of knowledge about mental illness has led to an
increase of discrimination in the workplace and everyday life.
Students will be given a quantitative survey to gauge attitudes
about mental illness. The goal is to create effective solutions in
order to build knowledge and lessen stigma against mean illness
today.5. Quantitative and qualitative methods will be used. The
survey will include 15 closed ended questions and 3 open ended
questions. Survey:1. Which of the following mental illness are
you most familiar with? A. Anxiety B. Depression
C. Bipolar disorder D. Schizophrenia 2. How do you
know about the above mental illnesses? A. family member
B. friends C. television D. internet3. Do
you think people are predisposed to mental illness? A. Yes
B. No C. Sometimes4. At what age do think people first to
start experience mental illness? A. 5-8 years old B. 9-11
years old C. 12-15 years old D. 15-18 years old5. Mental
illness can happen to anyone. A. Yes B. No6. Who do you
think is more likely to have mental illness? A. Women B.
Men C. Both are equal D. I don’t know7. People that have
a mental illness or more likely to prefer to be alone. A. Yes
B. No8. Adults are more likely to have mental illness. A.
Yes B. No9. The best way to treat mental illness is with
medication. A. Yes B. No C. Sometimes 10. Do you
think mental illness should be a part of middle school
education? A. Yes B. No 11. Do you think
people with mental illness are seeking attention? A. Yes
B. No C. I don’t know 12. Do you think people
with mental illness experience discrimination in education?
A. Yes B. No C. I don’t know 13. Do you think
people with a mental illness do not want to admit to having one
because they fear discrimination and prejudice?
3. A. Yes B. No C. Sometimes D. I don’t know
14. Do you believe that mental illness is wrongly diagnosed in
America? A. Yes B. No C. I
don’t know 15. What do you think is the most common
mental illness? A. Anxiety B. Depression C.
Bipolar disorder D. Schizophrenia 16. What do
you think are some effective solutions to reduce the stigma of
mental illness? 17. How do you help someone suffering
from a mental illness? 18. What are some of the steps you
might go through when diagnosing a mental illness?
Chapter 19
Group Communication, Teamwork, and Leadership
Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common
vision. The ability to direct individual accomplishments toward
organizational objectives. It is the fuel that allows common
people to attain uncommon results.
Andrew Carnegie
Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed people
can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.
Margaret Mead
Getting Started
As humans, we are social beings. We naturally form
relationships with others. In fact, relationships are often noted
as one of the most important aspects of a person’s life, and they
exist in many forms. Interpersonal communication occurs
between two people, but group communication may involve two
4. or more individuals. Groups are a primary context for
interaction within the business community. Groups may have
heroes, enemies, and sages alongside new members. Groups
overlap and may share common goals, but they may also engage
in conflict. Groups can be supportive or coercive and can exert
powerful influences over individuals.
Within a group, individuals may behave in distinct ways, use
unique or specialized terms, or display symbols that have
meaning to that group. Those same terms or symbols may be
confusing, meaningless, or even unacceptable to another group.
An individual may belong to both groups, adapting his or her
communication patterns to meet group normative expectations.
Groups are increasingly important across social media venues,
and there are many examples of successful business ventures on
the Web that value and promote group interaction.
Groups use words to exchange meaning, establish territory, and
identify who is a stranger versus who is a trusted member. Are
you familiar with the term “troll”? It is often used to identify
someone who is not a member of an online group or community;
does not share the values and beliefs of the group; and posts a
message in an online discussion board to initiate flame wars,
cause disruption, or otherwise challenge the group members.
Members often use words to respond to the challenge that are
not otherwise common in the discussions, and the less than
flattering descriptions of the troll are a rallying point.
Groups have existed throughout human history and continue to
follow familiar patterns across emerging venues as we adapt to
technology, computer-mediated interaction, suburban sprawl,
and modern life. We need groups, and groups need us. Our
relationship with groups warrants attention on this
interdependence as we come to know our communities, our
world, and ourselves.
19.1 What Is a Group?
5. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Define groups and teams.
2. Discuss how primary and secondary groups meet our
interpersonal needs.
3. Discuss how groups tend to limit their own size and create
group norms.
Let’s get into a time machine and travel way, way back to join
early humans in prehistoric times. Their needs are like ours
today: they cannot exist or thrive without air, food, and water—
and a sense of belonging. How did they meet these needs?
Through cooperation and competition. If food scarcity was an
issue, who got more and who got less? This serves as our first
introduction to roles, status and power, and hierarchy within a
group. When food scarcity becomes an issue, who gets to keep
their spoon? In some Latin American cultures, having a job or
earning a living is referred to by the slang term cuchara, which
literally means “spoon” and figuratively implies food, safety,
and security.
Now let’s return to the present and enter a modern office.
Cubicles define territories and corner offices denote status. In
times of economic recession or slumping sales for the company,
there is a greater need for cooperation, and there is competition
for scarce resources. The loss of a “spoon”—or of one’s
cubicle—may now come in the form of a pink slip, but it is no
less devastating.
We form self-identities through our communication with others,
and much of that interaction occurs in a group context. A group
may be defined as three or more individuals who affiliate,
interact, or cooperate in a familial, social, or work
context. Group communication may be defined as the exchange
of information with those who are alike culturally,
linguistically, and/or geographically. Group members may be
known by their symbols, such as patches and insignia on a
military uniform. They may be known by their use of
6. specialized language or jargon; for example, someone in
information technology may use the term “server” in reference
to the Internet, whereas someone in the food service industry
may use “server” to refer to the worker who takes customer
orders in a restaurant. Group members may also be known by
their proximity, as in gated communities. Regardless of how the
group defines itself, and regardless of the extent to which its
borders are porous or permeable, a group recognizes itself as a
group. Humans naturally make groups a part of their context or
environment.
Types of Groups in the Workplace
As a skilled business communicator, learning more about
groups, group dynamics, management, and leadership will serve
you well. Mergers, forced sales, downsizing, and entering new
markets all call upon individuals within a business or
organization to become members of groups. In the second of the
Note 19.1 "Introductory Exercises" for this chapter, you were
asked to list the professional (i.e., work-related) groups you
interact with in order of frequency. What did your list include?
Perhaps you noted your immediate coworkers, your supervisor
and other leaders in your work situation, members of other
departments with whom you communicate, and the colleagues
who are also your personal friends during off-work times.
Groups may be defined by function. They can also be defined,
from a developmental viewpoint, by the relationships within
them. Groups can also be discussed in terms of their
relationship to the individual and the degree to which they meet
interpersonal needs.
Some groups may be assembled at work to solve problems, and
once the challenge has been resolved, they dissolve into
previous or yet to be determined groups. Functional groups like
this may be immediately familiar to you. You take a class in
sociology from a professor of sociology, who is a member of the
discipline of sociology. To be a member of a discipline is to be
a disciple, and adhere to a common framework to for viewing
7. the world. Disciplines involve a common set of theories that
explain the world around us, terms to explain those theories,
and have grown to reflect the advance of human knowledge.
Compared to your sociology instructor, your physics instructor
may see the world from a completely different perspective.
Still, both may be members of divisions or schools, dedicated to
teaching or research, and come together under the large group
heading we know as the university.
In business, we may have marketing experts who are members
of the marketing department, who perceive their tasks
differently from a member of the sales staff or someone in
accounting. You may work in the mailroom, and the mailroom
staff is a group in itself, both distinct from and interconnected
with the larger organization.
Relationships are part of any group, and can be described in
terms of status, power, control, as well as role, function, or
viewpoint. Within a family, for example, the ties that bind you
together may be common experiences, collaborative efforts, and
even pain and suffering. The birth process may forge a
relationship between mother and daughter, but it also may not.
An adoption may transform a family. Relationships are formed
through communication interaction across time, and often share
a common history, values, and beliefs about the world around
us.
In business, an idea may bring professionals together and they
may even refer to the new product or service as their “baby,”
speaking in reverent tones about a project they have taken from
the drawing board and “birthed” into the real world. As in
family communication, work groups or teams may have
challenges, rivalries, and even “birthing pains” as a product is
developed, adjusted, adapted, and transformed. Struggles are a
part of relationships, both in families and business, and form a
common history of shared challenged overcome through effort
and hard work.
8. Through conversations and a shared sense that you and your
coworkers belong together, you meet many of your basic human
needs, such as the need to feel included, the need for affection,
and the need for control.[1] In a work context, “affection” may
sound odd, but we all experience affection at work in the form
of friendly comments like “good morning,” “have a nice
weekend,” and “good job!” Our professional lives also fulfill
more than just our basic needs (i.e., air, food, and water, as well
as safety). While your work group may be gathered together
with common goals, such as to deliver the mail in a timely
fashion to the corresponding departments and individuals, your
daily interactions may well go beyond this functional
perspective.
In the same way, your family may provide a place for you at the
table and meet your basic needs, but they also may not meet
other needs. If you grow to understand yourself and your place
in a way that challenges group norms, you will be able to
choose which parts of your life to share and to withhold in
different groups, and to choose where to seek acceptance,
affection, and control.
Primary and Secondary Groups
There are fundamentally two types of groups that can be
observed in many contexts, from church to school, family to
work. These two types are primary and secondary groups. The
hierarchy denotes the degree to which the group(s) meet your
interpersonal needs. Primary groups meet most, if not all, of
one’s needs. Groups that meet some, but not all, needs are
calledsecondary groups. Secondary groups often include work
groups, where the goal is to complete a task or solve a problem.
If you are a member of the sales department, your purpose is to
sell.
In terms of problem solving, work groups can accomplish more
9. than individuals can. People, each of whom have specialized
skills, talents, experience, or education come together in new
combinations with new challenges, find new perspectives to
create unique approaches that they themselves would not have
formulated alone.
Secondary groups may meet your need for professional
acceptance and celebrate your success, but they may not meet
your need for understanding and sharing on a personal level.
Family members may understand you in ways that your
coworkers cannot, and vice versa.
If Two’s Company and Three’s a Crowd, What Is a Group?
This old cliché refers to the human tendency to form pairs.
Pairing is the most basic form of relationship formation; it
applies to childhood best friends, college roommates, romantic
couples, business partners, and many other dyads (two-person
relationships). A group, by definition, includes at least three
people. We can categorize groups in terms of their size and
complexity.
When we discuss demographic groups as part of a market study,
we may focus on large numbers of individuals that share
common characteristics. If you are the producer of an
ecologically innovative car such as the Smart ForTwo, and
know your customers have an average of four members in their
family, you may discuss developing a new model with
additional seats. While the target audience is a group, car
customers don’t relate to each other as a unified whole. Even if
they form car clubs and have regional gatherings, a newsletter,
and competitions at their local racetracks each year, they still
subdivide the overall community of car owners into smaller
groups.
The larger the group grows, the more likely it is to subdivide.
Analysis of these smaller, or microgroups, is increasingly a
10. point of study as the Internet allows individuals to join people
of similar mind or habit to share virtually anything across time
and distance. A microgroup is a small, independent group that
has a link, affiliation, or association with a larger group. With
each additional group member the number of possible
interactions increases.[2],[3]
Small groups normally contain between three and eight people.
One person may involve intrapersonal communication, while
two may constitute interpersonal communication, and both may
be present within a group communication context. You may
think to yourself before making a speech or writing your next
post, and you may turn to your neighbor or coworker and have a
side conversation, but a group relationship normally involves
three to eight people, and the potential for distraction is great.
In Table 19.1 "Possible Interaction in Groups", you can quickly
see how the number of possible interactions grows according to
how many people are in the group. At some point, we all find
the possible and actual interactions overwhelming and subdivide
into smaller groups. For example, you may have hundreds of
friends on MySpace or Facebook, but how many of them do you
regularly communicate with? You may be tempted to provide a
number greater than eight, but if you exclude the “all to one”
messages, such as a general tweet to everyone (but no one
person in particular), you’ll find the group norms will appear.
Table 19.1 Possible Interaction in Groups
Number of Group Members
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Number of Possible Interactions
2
11. 9
28
75
186
441
1,056
Group norms are customs, standards, and behavioral
expectations that emerge as a group forms. If you post an
update every day on your Facebook page and your friends stop
by to post on your wall and comment, not posting for a week
will violate a group norm. They will wonder if you are sick or
in the hospital where you have no access to a computer to keep
them updated. If, however, you only post once a week, the
group will come to naturally expect your customary post. Norms
involve expectations that are self and group imposed and that
often arise as groups form and develop.
If there are more than eight members, it becomes a challenge to
have equal participation, where everyone has a chance to speak,
listen, and respond. Some will dominate, others will recede, and
smaller groups will form. Finding a natural balance within a
group can also be a challenge. Small groups need to have
enough members to generate a rich and stimulating exchange of
ideas, information, and interaction, but not so many people that
what each brings cannot be shared.[4]
[1] Schutz, W. (1966). The interpersonal underworld. Palo Alto,
CA: Science and Behavior Books.
[2] Harris, T., & Sherblom, J. (1999). Small group and team
communication. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
[3] McLean, S. (2003). The basics of speech communication.
Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
[4] Galanes, G., Adams, K., & Brilhart, J.
(2000). Communication in groups: Applications and skills (4th
ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
12. 19.2 Group Life Cycles and Member Roles
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Identify the typical stages in the life cycle of a group.
2. Describe different types of group members and group member
roles.
Groups are dynamic systems in constant change. Groups grow
together and eventually come apart. People join groups and
others leave. This dynamic changes and transforms the very
nature of the group. Group socialization involves how the group
members interact with one another and form relationships. Just
as you were once born and changed your family, they changed
you. You came to know a language and culture, a value system,
and set of beliefs that influence you to this day. You came to be
socialized, to experience the process of learning to associate,
communicate, or interact within a group. A group you belong to
this year—perhaps a soccer team or the cast of a play—may not
be part of your life next year. And those who are in leadership
positions may ascend or descend the leadership hierarchy as the
needs of the group, and other circumstances, change over time.
Group Life Cycle Patterns
Your life cycle is characterized with several steps, and while it
doesn’t follow a prescribed path, there are universal stages we
can all recognize. You were born. You didn’t choose your birth,
your parents, your language, or your culture, but you came to
know them through communication. You came to know
yourself, learned skills, discovered talents, and met other
people. You learned, worked, lived, and loved, and as you aged,
minor injuries took longer to heal. You competed in ever-
increasing age groups in your favorite sport, and while your
time for each performance may have increased as you aged,
your experience allowed you to excel in other ways. Where you
were once a novice, you have now learned something to share.
You lived to see some of your friends pass before you, and the
moment will arrive when you too must confront death.
13. In the same way, groups experience similar steps and stages and
take on many of the characteristics we associate with
life.[1] They grow, overcome illness and dysfunction, and
transform across time. No group, just as no individual, lives
forever.
Your first day on the job may be comparable to the first day you
went to school. At home, you may have learned some of the
basics, like how to write with a pencil, but knowledge of that
skill and its application are two different things. In school,
people spoke and acted in different ways than at home.
Gradually, you came to understand the meaning of recess, the
importance of raising your hand to get the teacher’s attention,
and how to follow other school rules. At work, you may have
had academic training for your profession, but the knowledge
you learned in school only serves as your foundation—much as
your socialization at home served to guide you at school. On the
job they use jargon terms, have schedules that may include
coffee breaks (recess), have a supervisor (teacher), and have
rules, explicit and understood. On the first day, everything was
new, even if many of the elements were familiar.
In order to better understand group development and its life
cycle, many researchers have described the universal stages and
phases of groups. While there are modern interpretations of
these stages, most draw from the model proposed by Bruce
Tuckman.[2] This model, shown in Table 19.2 "Tuckman’s
Linear Model of Group Development"[3], specifies the usual
order of the phases of group development, and allows us to
predict several stages we can anticipate as we join a new group.
Table 19.2 Tuckman’s Linear Model of Group Development
Stages
Activities
Forming
14. Members come together, learn about each other, and determine
the purpose of the group.
Storming
Members engage in more direct communication and get to know
each other. Conflicts between group members will often arise
during this stage.
Norming
Members establish spoken or unspoken rules about how they
communicate and work. Status, rank, and roles in the group are
established.
Performing
Members fulfill their purpose and reach their goal.
Adjourning
Members leave the group.
Tuckman begins with the forming stage as the initiation of
group formation. This stage is also called the orientation stage
because individual group members come to know each other.
Group members who are new to each other and can’t predict
each other’s behavior can be expected to experience the stress
of uncertainty. Uncertainty theory states that we choose to know
more about others with whom we have interactions in order to
reduce or resolve the anxiety associated with the
unknown.[4],[5],[6] The more we know about others and
become accustomed to how they communicate, the better we can
predict how they will interact with us in future contexts. If you
learn that Monday mornings are never a good time for your
supervisor, you quickly learn to schedule meetings later in the
week. Individuals are initially tentative and display caution as
they begin to learn about the group and its members.
If you don’t know someone very well, it is easy to offend. Each
group member brings to the group a set of experiences,
combined with education and a self-concept. You won’t be able
to read this information on a nametag, but instead you will only
15. come to know it through time and interaction. Since the
possibility of overlapping and competing viewpoints and
perspectives exists, the group will experience a storming stage,
a time of struggles as the members themselves sort out their
differences. There may be more than one way to solve the
problem or task at hand, and some group members may prefer
one strategy over another. Some members of the group may be
more senior to the organization than you, and members may
treat them differently. Some group members may be as new as
you are and just as uncertain about everyone’s talents, skills,
roles, and self-perceptions. The wise business communicator
will anticipate the storming stage and help facilitate
opportunities for the members to resolve uncertainty before the
work commences. There may be challenges for leadership, and
conflicting viewpoints. The sociology professor sees the world
differently than the physics professor. The sales agent sees
things differently than someone from accounting. A manager
who understands and anticipates this normal challenge in the
group’s life cycle can help the group become more productive.
A clear definition of the purpose and mission of the group can
help the members focus their energies. Interaction prior to the
first meeting can help reduce uncertainty. Coffee and calories
can help bring a group together. Providing the group with what
they need and opportunities to know each other prior to their
task can increase efficiency.
Groups that make a successful transition from the storming
stage will next experience the norming stage, where the group
establishes norms, or informal rules, for behavior and
interaction. Who speaks first? Who takes notes? Who is
creative, who is visual, and who is detail-oriented? Sometimes
our job titles and functions speak for themselves, but human
beings are complex. We are not simply a list of job functions,
and in the dynamic marketplace of today’s business
environment you will often find that people have talents and
16. skills well beyond their “official” role or task. Drawing on
these strengths can make the group more effective.
The norming stage is marked by less division and more
collaboration. The level of anxiety associated with interaction is
generally reduced, making for a more positive work climate that
promotes listening. When people feel less threatened and their
needs are met, they are more likely to focus their complete
attention on the purpose of the group. If they are still concerned
with who does what, and whether they will speak in error, the
interaction framework will stay in the storming stage. Tensions
are reduced when the normative expectations are known, and the
degree to which a manager can describe these at the outset can
reduce the amount of time the group remains in uncertainty.
Group members generally express more satisfaction with clear
expectations and are more inclined to participate.
Ultimately, the purpose of a work group is performance, and the
preceding stages lead us to the performing stage, in which the
group accomplishes its mandate, fulfills its purpose, and
reaches its goals. To facilitate performance, group members
can’t skip the initiation of getting to know each other or the
sorting out of roles and norms, but they can try to focus on
performance with clear expectations from the moment the group
is formed. Productivity is often how we measure success in
business and industry, and the group has to produce. Outcome
assessments may have been built into the system from the
beginning to serve as a benchmark for success. Wise managers
know how to celebrate success, as it brings more success, social
cohesion, group participation, and a sense of job satisfaction.
Incremental gains toward a benchmark may also be cause for
celebration and support, and failure to reach a goal should be
regarded as an opportunity for clarification.
It is generally wiser to focus on the performance of the group
rather than individual contributions. Managers and group
17. members will want to offer assistance to underperformers as
well as congratulate members for their contributions. If the goal
is to create a community where competition pushes each
member to perform, individual highlights may serve your needs,
but if you want a group to solve a problem or address a
challenge as a group, you have to promote group cohesion.
Members need to feel a sense of belonging, and praise (or the
lack thereof) can be a sword with two edges: one stimulates and
motivates while the other demoralizes and divides.
Groups should be designed to produce and perform in ways and
at levels that individuals cannot, or else you should consider
compartmentalizing the tasks. The performing stage is where
the productivity occurs, and it is necessary to make sure the
group has what it needs to perform. Missing pieces, parts, or
information can stall the group, and reset the cycle to storming
all over again. Loss of performance is inefficiency, which
carries a cost. Managers will be measured by the group’s
productivity and performance. Make sure the performing stage
is one that is productive and healthy for its members.
Imagine that you are the manager of a group that has produced
an award-winning design for an ecologically innovative four-
seat car. Their success is your success. Their celebrations are
yours even if the success is not focused on you. A manager
manages the process while group members perform. If you were
a member of the group that helped design the belt line, you
made a fundamental contribution to the style of the car.
Individual consumers may never consider the line from the front
fender, across the doors, to the rear taillight as they make a
purchase decision, but they will recognize beauty. You will
know that you could not have achieved that fundamental part of
car design without help from the engineers in the group, and if
the number-crunching accountants had not seen the efficiency of
the production process that produced it, it may never have
survived the transition from prototype to production. The group
came together and accomplished its goals with amazing results.
18. Now, as typically happens, all groups will eventually have to
move on to new assignments. In the adjourning stage, members
leave the group. The group may cease to exist or it may be
transformed with new members and a new set of goals. Your
contributions in the past may have caught the attention of the
management, and you may be assigned to redesign the flagship
vehicle, the halo car of your marque or brand. It’s quite a
professional honor, and it’s yours because of your successful
work in a group. Others will be reassigned to tasks that require
their talents and skills, and you may or may not collaborate with
them in the future.
You may miss the interactions with the members, even the more
cantankerous ones, and will experience both relief and a sense
of loss. Like life, the group process is normal, and mixed
emotions are to be expected. A wise manager anticipates this
stage and facilitates the separation with skill and ease. We often
close this process with a ritual marking its passing, though the
ritual may be as formal as an award or as informal as a “thank
you” or a verbal acknowledgement of a job well done over
coffee and calories.
On a more sober note, it is important not to forget that groups
can reach the adjourning stage without having achieved success.
Some businesses go bankrupt, some departments are closed, and
some individuals lose their positions after a group fails to
perform. Adjournment can come suddenly and unexpectedly, or
gradually and piece by piece. Either way, a skilled business
communicator will be prepared and recognize it as part of the
classic group life cycle.
Life Cycle of Member Roles
Just as groups go through a life cycle when they form and
eventually adjourn, so the group members fulfill different roles
during this life cycle. These roles, proposed by Richard
Moreland and John Levine,[7] are summarized in Table 19.3
19. "Life Cycle of Member Roles".[8]
Table 19.3 Life Cycle of Member Roles
1. Potential Member
Curiosity and interest
2. New Member
Joined the group but still an outsider, and unknown
3. Full Member
Knows the “rules” and is looked to for leadership
4. Divergent Member
Focuses on differences
5. Marginal member
No longer involved
6. Ex-Member
No longer considered a member
Suppose you are about to graduate from school and you are in
the midst of an employment search. You’ve gathered extensive
information on a couple of local businesses and are aware that
they will be participating in the university job fair. You’ve
explored their Web sites, talked to people currently employed at
each company, and learned what you can from the public
information available. At this …
EVERYONE CAN HELP PROTECT NATIVE CULTURE.
Source: News from Native California. Winter 2019/2020, Vol.
33 Issue 2, p6-10. 4p. 3 Color Photographs.
Document Type: Article
Subject Terms:
*NATIVE American Heritage Day
*NATIVE Americans
*CULTURAL property
Geographic Terms:
CALIFORNIA
NAICS/Industry Codes:
20. 712120 Historical Sites
People:
BROWN, Edmund G. (Edmund Gerald), 1905-1996
Abstract:
The article informs that the California Native American
Heritage Commission (NAHC) by Governor Edmund G. Brown
Jr. in 1976 to preserve ancient places of special significance to
Native Americans and ensure that legal obligations to Native
Americans are met in the state. According to NAHC Executive
Secretary Christina Snider, Protecting tribal cultural resources
of California is always the top priority of the NAHC through
creating a new, reliable, and consistent revenue stream.
Full Text Word Count: 1504
ISSN: 1040-5437
Accession Number: 140818969
EVERYONE CAN HELP PROTECT NATIVE CULTURE
Contents
1. WHO IS THE NAHC?
2. WHAT IS A SPECIALTY PLATE?
3. DESIGN AND HISTORY
4. WHERE DOES THE MONEY GO?
5. HOW CAN YOU GET A PLATE?
6. WHY BUY THE PLATE NOW?
7. WHAT'S NEXT?
8. JOIN THE HERITAGE CIRCLE
9. COMMIT TO PROTECT NATIVE CULTURE NOW
Full Text
Listen
Section: FEATURES
Courtesy of the California Native American Heritage
Commission
NATIVE AMERICAN LICENSE PLATE
Now Available for Pre-Order
Cultural resources are basically everything from the ground to
the sky.
21. It's all the plants, rocks, water. They're what allow us to survive
in this world.
All Californians live on Indian land…. It's here because people
took care of it before you. So now that's part of your history,
and you should care just as much.
It takes an active effort to protect these [resources]. We have to
look at the whole picture because everything affects everything
else.
Join us in protecting Native culture and help support the Native
American Heritage Commission because they support all of the
tribes in California.
THESE WORDS FROM Kathy Bancroft, the tribal historic
preservation officer for the Lone Pine Paiute-Shoshone
Reservation, highlight the importance of protecting Native
culture. They are also the words that underscore an uplifting
video from the California Native American Heritage
Commission to launch the new Protect Native Culture specialty
license plate, now available at www.protectnativeculture.com.
Whether you are like Bancroft, whose ancestors lived in
Payahuunaü (the Owens Valley) since time immemorial, or you
are a new California resident, all of us live on Native land. We
all have a duty to honor and protect Native cultural resources.
With that focus, Governor Edmund G. Brown Jr. created the
California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) in
1976.
The Protect Native Culture plate, designed by Sacramento-born
filmmaker Curtis Corona. Photos courtesy of the California
Native American Heritage Commission.
WHO IS THE NAHC?
The NAHC is dedicated to preserving ancient places of special
significance to Native Americans and known ancient burial
places of Native Americans in California. They are also charged
with ensuring that California's legal obligations to Native
Americans are met. More recently, the NAHC was also given
the authority to implement CalNAGPRA, by which Native
American cultural resources are to be properly cataloged and
22. returned to their tribe of origin. These resources might be
known to exist in public facilities, like museums, or they may
be discovered inadvertently, like during a construction project.
In all these cases, the NAHC is responsible for fulfilling the
legal obligations and overseeing the proper treatment and
handling of Native American human remains and burial items.
This work requires a good deal of integrity, resolve, and legal
acumen to ensure that California honors its commitments. It
also requires a good deal of money. In recent years, the NAHC
has been fortunate to have adequate funding for its work, but
that has not always been the case.
"Protecting California's tribal cultural resources is always the
top priority of the NAHC. Creating a new, reliable, and
consistent revenue stream ensures that our work will be funded
for generations to come," says NAHC Executive Secretary
Christina Snider. "The Protect Native Culture specialty license
plate program will allow the NAHC to expand our programming
in furtherance of our mission."
WHAT IS A SPECIALTY PLATE?
The California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) offers
many specialty plate options, each affiliated with specific
nonprofit organizations and programs. After the minimum order
quantity (7,500 pre-orders) is met and the initial program fees
are paid to DMV, all proceeds from the plate purchases and
renewals go directly to NAHC to help its efforts to protect
Native culture.
DESIGN AND HISTORY
Each specialty license plate is visually distinct, yet also needs
to meet California DMV and Highway Patrol requirements. The
NAHC knew it wanted the Protect Native Culture plate's design
to be something that would celebrate the diversity of
California's Native Americans and appeal to the general driving
public. In preparing for the launch of the program, the NAHC
prepared a survey of tribal leaders and California Indian
Country to weigh in on the design of the plate and the allocation
of funds generated by the program. The survey results were
23. incorporated in the design, the tagline, and the distribution of
the program proceeds.
The Protect Native Culture plate, designed by Sacramento- born
filmmaker Curtis Corona, includes several unique, distinct
features:
THE BASKET. With their baskets featured in museums around
the world, California Native American tribes are known for
their intricate basketweaving artistry. The image of the basket
featured on the Protect Native Culture plate is a rattlesnake
basket from the Tule River Tribe, who graciously licensed the
image in perpetuity as a gift to the NAHC.
THE COLOR SCHEME. The background of the plate is a light
earth tone that offsets the bold, brown color of the alphanumeric
characters of the plate—you can either order a sequential
numbered plate or a custom vanity plate with six characters of
your choosing. This color scheme is unique to the Protect
Native Culture plate.
THE TAGLINE . While each plate will have its own distinct
character set, all of them will highlight the core mission of the
NAHC: Protect Native Culture.
WHERE DOES THE MONEY GO?
Following the initial program fees paid to the DMV, the plate
revenues will fund the following:
• Implementation of the California Native American Graves
Protection and Repatriation Act (CalNAGPRA) to return the
remains of Native American ancestors to their tribes of origin.
• Legal clinics and internship programs to train students on laws
protecting California Native American cultural resources.
• Training programs for California Native American tribes and
government agencies on laws protecting California Native
American cultural resources.
• An NAHC legal defense fund to enforce state laws protecting
Native American cultural resources when the California
Department of Justice cannot represent the NAHC due to a
conflict of interest.
• Land conservancy purchases to protect Native American
24. cultural resources.
HOW CAN YOU GET A PLATE?
Pre-Orders
Now Open
WWW.PROTECTNATIVECULTURE.COM
NAHC AT (916) 373-3710
FILL OUT THE AD TO THE RIGHT!
All major credit cards and personal checks are accepted.
You can buy plates for your own California-registered
automobile, truck, motorcycle, or hitch, or businesses can buy
them for a fleet of vehicles. You can even buy the plates as a
gift for someone, as long as they own a California-registered
vehicle.
WHY BUY THE PLATE NOW?
Since the Protect Native Culture plate is new, the NAHC needs
to meet certain requirements before the DMV will begin
production. That's right. You won't find the Protect Native
Culture plate on the DMV website and you won't be able to buy
one at a DMV office just yet.
The DMV wants to see that there is a committed community
who will consistently support the plate program. NAHC needs
to obtain a minimum of 7,500 pre-orders by November 2020 in
order for the plate to go in to production.
That may seem like a lot of plates, but in the first month since
the program launched in Sacramento at California Native
American Day, NAHC has already received over 750 pre-
orders—well on the way to reaching the goal.
WHAT'S NEXT?
"Meeting the minimum order of 7,500 for plates to go into
official production is key," says Samantha Cypret, special
assistant to the general counsel at the NAHC. "We are just
kicking off our marketing and outreach efforts to make sure
everyone knows the plate is live!"
Those efforts include that viral video, which is available to
view on the Protect Native Culture website. Acclaimed
writer/director/poet Tazbah Rose Chavez (Bishop Paiute Tribe)
25. directed and conceived the video, which features members of
California's more than 160 Native American Tribes. In addition
to the program launch, the NAHC is planning to attend and
distribute information to people at upcoming tribal gatherings
and events throughout California.
JOIN THE HERITAGE CIRCLE
The first one thousand purchasers of the Protect Native Culture
plate will join the Heritage Circle. Heritage Circle members
receive recognition on the Protect Native Culture website and
will receive free gifts including a license plate frame and a
limited-edition air freshener in the shape of California that
features the Tule River Tribe basket design—best of all, it
smells like sage.
COMMIT TO PROTECT NATIVE CULTURE NOW
"We really need the help of everyone across California to make
sure their tribal members, family, friends, and coworkers are
aware of the plate," said Cypret. "We ask that tribal members
share our website on social media with the hashtag
#ProtectNativeCulture to help drive awareness. Call us if you
know of a Native business in California who may wish to buy
the plate for their fleet. Plus, you don't have to be Native to buy
a plate. Protecting Native culture is a priority for all
Californians."
The Protect Native Culture plate can help preserve and protect
cultural resources for years to come. That is a legacy that we
should all be proud to contribute to and commit to secure for
future generations.
For more information about the plate and the work of the
California Native American Heritage Commission, please
visit www.protectnativeculture.com.
The Protect Native Culture plate, designed by Sacramento-born
filmmaker Curtis Corona. Photos courtesy of the California
Native American Heritage Commission.
Copyright of News from Native California is the property of
26. News From Native California and its content may not be copied
or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the
copyright holder's express written permission. However, users
may print, download, or email articles for individual use.
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