This is the presentation of a research I did with two colleagues on the residuals of Palm Oil and Rice for the Port of Rotterdam. The research is focused on the availibilty, use and transport to Harbours in Malaysia and Indonesia.

1. Biomass
residuals
in
the
Palm
Oil
and
Rice
Industry:
A
risky
business
or
a
huge
opportunity?
Port
of
Ro(erdam
Ewout
Kalkman,
Sietske
Trompert
&
Rogier
Strijbos
Supervising
professor:
Jan
Verhoeven
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

2. The
Research
QuesJon
What
are
poten+al
export
flows
of
bio-­‐based
residuals
from
Indonesia
and
Malaysia
and
how
can
they
be
collected,
processed,
transported
to
and
stored
in
a
local
port
for
export
to
NW-­‐Europe?
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

3. Residuals
of
two
commodiJes
Rice Palm
oil
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

4. Residuals
of
two
commodiJes
Rice
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

5. Rice
residual:
Husk
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

6. Rice
residual:
Husk
25%
of
Rice
ProducJon
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

7. Rice
residual:
Husk
25%
of
Rice
ProducJon
Total:
15.8
million
tons
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

8. Rice
residual:
Husk
25%
of
Rice
ProducJon
Total:
15.8
million
tons
Not
used
or
burned
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

9. Rice
residual:
Husk
25%
of
Rice
ProducJon
Total:
15.8
million
tons
Not
used
or
burned
Used
for
cooking
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

10. Rice
residual:
Husk
25%
of
Rice
ProducJon
Total:
15.8
million
tons
Not
used
or
burned
Used
for
cooking
Interest
from:
Dutch/
German/Russian
parJes
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

11. Rice
residual:
Husk
25%
of
Rice
ProducJon
Total:
15.8
million
tons
Not
used
or
burned
Used
for
cooking
Interest
from:
Dutch/
German/Russian
parJes
Compressing
technique
in
R&D
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

12. OpJons
for
Rice
Husk
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

13. OpJons
for
Rice
Husk
Op+on
1
DescripJon Central
storage/compression
of
all
the
husk.
Analysis Best
opJon:
•
High
amount
of
husk
available
•
Low
transporta+on
cost
•
Low
investment
in
labour
•
Low
investment
in
machinery
•
High
storage
cost
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

14. OpJons
for
Rice
Husk
Op+on
1 Op+on
2
DescripJon Central
storage/compression
Supply
all
the
Medium
and
large
mills
of
all
the
husk. with
compressing
machinery.
Analysis Best
opJon: Second
best
opJon:
•
High
amount
of
husk
•
Low
amount
of
husk
available
available •
High
transporta+on
cost
•
Low
transporta+on
cost •
High
investment
in
labour
•
Low
investment
in
labour •
High
investment
in
machinery
•
Low
investment
in
•
Low
storage
cost
machinery
•
High
storage
cost
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

15. OpJons
for
Rice
Husk
(2)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

16. OpJons
for
Rice
Husk
(2)
Op+on
3
DescripJon Supply
all
the
medium
and
large
mills
with
compressing
machinery.
Collect
the
husk
from
tradi>onal
mills
at
a
central
storage
place.
Analysis Less
best
opJon:
•
High
amount
of
husk
available
•
High
transporta+on
cost
•
High
investment
in
labour
•
High
investment
in
machinery
•
High
storage
cost
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

17. CondiJons
for
the
advised
opJon
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

18. CondiJons
for
the
advised
opJon
1. Working together with an
organization on collection and
storage of the rice husk.
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

19. CondiJons
for
the
advised
opJon
1. Working together with an
organization on collection and
storage of the rice husk.
2. A central location for storage and
compressing.
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

20. CondiJons
for
the
advised
opJon
1. Working together with an
organization on collection and
storage of the rice husk.
2. A central location for storage and
compressing.
3. The storage facility needs to be
accessible by container trucks.
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

21. CondiJons
for
the
advised
opJon
1. Working together with an
organization on collection and
storage of the rice husk.
2. A central location for storage and
compressing.
3. The storage facility needs to be
accessible by container trucks.
4. Investments in compression
machinery.
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

22. CondiJons
for
the
advised
opJon
1. Working together with an
organization on collection and
storage of the rice husk.
2. A central location for storage and
compressing.
3. The storage facility needs to be
accessible by container trucks.
4. Investments in compression
machinery.
5. Training of local workers to handle
the compressing machinery.
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

23. SWOT-­‐analysis
Rice
Husk
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

24. SWOT-­‐analysis
Rice
Husk
Strengths
•
Largely
available
quan++es
of
rice
husk;
•
High
energy
poten+al;
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

25. SWOT-­‐analysis
Rice
Husk
Strengths Weaknesses
•
Largely
available
quan++es
of
rice
husk;
•
Availability
of
rice
husk
on
scaMered
•
High
energy
poten+al;
places;
•
Many
smaller
RMU
which
are
uneasy
to
access;
•
High
investments
in
labour
and
machinery;
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

26. SWOT-­‐analysis
Rice
Husk
Strengths Weaknesses
•
Largely
available
quan++es
of
rice
husk;
•
Availability
of
rice
husk
on
scaMered
•
High
energy
poten+al;
places;
•
Many
smaller
RMU
which
are
uneasy
to
access;
•
High
investments
in
labour
and
machinery;
Opportuni+es
•Government
will
support
this
development;
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

27. SWOT-­‐analysis
Rice
Husk
Strengths Weaknesses
•
Largely
available
quan++es
of
rice
husk;
•
Availability
of
rice
husk
on
scaMered
•
High
energy
poten+al;
places;
•
Many
smaller
RMU
which
are
uneasy
to
access;
•
High
investments
in
labour
and
machinery;
Opportuni+es Threats
•Government
will
support
this
•
Lack
in
infrastructure;
development;
•
Traffic
jams;
•
Corrup+on;
•
Decentraliza+on;
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

28. Advise
for
Rice
Husk
Impor+ng
Rice
Husk
from
Indonesia:
A
risky
business
or
a
huge
opportunity?
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

29. Advise
for
Rice
Husk
Impor+ng
Rice
Husk
from
Indonesia:
A
risky
business
or
a
huge
opportunity?
Risky
Business
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

30. Residuals
of
two
commodiJes
Rice Palm
oil
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

31. Residuals
of
two
commodiJes
Palm
oil
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

32. Palm
oil
residuals
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

33. Palm
oil
residuals
Empty
Fruit
Bunch
(EFB)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

34. Palm
oil
residuals
Empty
Fruit
Bunch
(EFB) Palm
Kernel
Shell
(PKS)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

35. Palm
oil
residuals
Empty
Fruit
Bunch
(EFB) Palm
Kernel
Shell
(PKS) Mesocarp
Fibre
(MF)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

36. Palm
oil
residuals
Empty
Fruit
Bunch
(EFB) Palm
Kernel
Shell
(PKS) Mesocarp
Fibre
(MF)
Palm
oil
mill
effluent
(POME)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

37. Palm
oil
residuals
Empty
Fruit
Bunch
(EFB) Palm
Kernel
Shell
(PKS) Mesocarp
Fibre
(MF)
Palm
oil
mill
effluent
Palm
Kernel
Cake
(PKC)
(POME)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

38. Palm
oil
residuals
Residuals
50
%
Empty
Fruit
Bunch
(EFB) Palm
Kernel
Shell
(PKS) Mesocarp
Fibre
(MF)
of
FFB
Palm
oil
mill
effluent
Palm
Kernel
Cake
(PKC)
(POME)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

39. Palm
oil
residuals
Residuals
50
%
Energy
potenJal
Empty
Fruit
Bunch
(EFB) Palm
Kernel
Shell
(PKS) Mesocarp
Fibre
(MF)
of
FFB 20.000
kj
per
kg
Palm
oil
mill
effluent
Palm
Kernel
Cake
(PKC)
(POME)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

40. Availability
(per
year)
Palm
oil
residuals Malaysia Indonesia
EFB 17.3
million 17.1
million
PKS 5.5
million 5.5
million
POME 55
million
m3 54.5
million
m3
MF 11
million 10.9
million
PKC 2.2
million No
figures
available
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

41. Local
use
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

42. Local
use
Empty
Fruit
Bunch
(EFB) Palm
Kernel
Shell
(PKS) Mesocarp
Fibre
(MF)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

43. Local
use
Empty
Fruit
Bunch
(EFB) Palm
Kernel
Shell
(PKS) Mesocarp
Fibre
(MF)
FerJlizer
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

44. Local
use
Empty
Fruit
Bunch
(EFB) Palm
Kernel
Shell
(PKS) Mesocarp
Fibre
(MF)
FerJlizer
and
Illegally
dumping
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

45. Local
use
Empty
Fruit
Bunch
(EFB) Palm
Kernel
Shell
(PKS) Mesocarp
Fibre
(MF)
FerJlizer
and
Illegally
dumping Energy
for
boilers
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

46. Local
use
(2)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

47. Local
use
(2)
Palm
oil
mill
effluent
Palm
Kernel
Cake
(PKC)
(POME)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

48. Local
use
(2)
Palm
oil
mill
effluent
Palm
Kernel
Cake
(PKC)
(POME)
Not
used
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

49. Local
use
(2)
Palm
oil
mill
effluent
Palm
Kernel
Cake
(PKC)
(POME)
Not
used
Animal
feed
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

50. SubsJtutes
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

51. SubsJtutes
Empty
Fruit
Bunch
(EFB) Palm
Kernel
Shell
(PKS) Mesocarp
Fibre
(MF)
Palm
oil
mill
effluent
Palm
Kernel
Cake
(PKC)
(POME)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

52. SubsJtutes
Cost
efficient
ferJlizer
Empty
Fruit
Bunch
(EFB) Palm
Kernel
Shell
(PKS) Mesocarp
Fibre
(MF)
Palm
oil
mill
effluent
Palm
Kernel
Cake
(PKC)
(POME)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

53. SubsJtutes
Cost
efficient
POME
ferJlizer
Empty
Fruit
Bunch
(EFB) Palm
Kernel
Shell
(PKS) Mesocarp
Fibre
(MF)
Palm
oil
mill
effluent
Palm
Kernel
Cake
(PKC)
(POME)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

54. SubsJtutes
Cost
efficient
POME
ferJlizer
Empty
Fruit
Bunch
(EFB) Palm
Kernel
Shell
(PKS) Mesocarp
Fibre
(MF)
Not
used
so
no
subsJtute
Palm
oil
mill
effluent
Palm
Kernel
Cake
(PKC)
(POME)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

55. SubsJtutes
Cost
efficient
POME
ferJlizer
Empty
Fruit
Bunch
(EFB) Palm
Kernel
Shell
(PKS) Mesocarp
Fibre
(MF)
Not
used
so
Animal
feed
no
subsJtute product
Palm
oil
mill
effluent
Palm
Kernel
Cake
(PKC)
(POME)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

56. Compressing
techniques
Empty
Fruit
Bunch
(EFB)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

57. Compressing
techniques
Empty
Fruit
Bunch
(EFB)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

58. Compressing
techniques
Briqueies
Empty
Fruit
Bunch
(EFB)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

59. Compressing
techniques
Briqueies
Empty
Fruit
Bunch
(EFB)
ComposJng
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

60. Compressing
techniques
Briqueies
Empty
Fruit
Bunch
(EFB)
ComposJng
Burning
into
Potash
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

61. Compressing
techniques
(2)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

62. Compressing
techniques
(2)
Palm
Kernel
Shell
(PKS) Mesocarp
Fibre
(MF)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

63. Compressing
techniques
(2)
No
techniques
Palm
Kernel
Shell
(PKS) Mesocarp
Fibre
(MF)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

64. Compressing
techniques
(3)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

65. Compressing
techniques
(3)
Palm
oil
mill
effluent
(POME)
Palm
Kernel
Cake
(PKC)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

66. Compressing
techniques
(3)
Liquefying
methane
gas
Palm
oil
mill
effluent
(POME)
Palm
Kernel
Cake
(PKC)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

67. Compressing
techniques
(3)
Liquefying
methane
gas
Palm
oil
mill
effluent
(POME)
PalleJzing
Palm
Kernel
Cake
(PKC)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

68. So
much
residuals,
what
now?
Empty
Fruit
Bunch
(EFB) Palm
Kernel
Shell
(PKS) Mesocarp
Fibre
(FM)
Palm
oil
mill
effluent
Palm
Kernel
Cake
(PKC)
(POME)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

69. OpJons
for
Palm
Oil
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

70. OpJons
for
Palm
Oil
Op+on
1
DescripJon Supply
planta>ons
with
fer>lizer
and
supply
mills
with
compressing
techniques.
Transport
the
EFB
to
the
ports.
Analysis Best
opJon:
•
Good
energy
poten+al
•
Rela+ve
low
investments
in
comparison
to
the
other
op+ons
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

71. OpJons
for
Palm
Oil
Op+on
1 Op+on
2
DescripJon Supply
planta>ons
with
Supply
mills
with
an
energy
source
and
fer>lizer
and
supply
mills
compression
techniques.
Invest
in
a
with
compressing
biogas
plant.
Transport
the
PKS
and
MF
techniques.
Transport
the
to
the
ports.
EFB
to
the
ports.
Analysis Best
opJon: Less
best
opJon:
•
Good
energy
poten+al •
High
energy
poten+al
•
Rela+ve
low
investments
in
•
Highest
investment
costs
comparison
to
the
other
op+ons
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

72. OpJons
for
Palm
Oil
(2)
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

73. OpJons
for
Palm
Oil
(2)
Op+on
3
DescripJon Invest
in
a
biogas
plant.
Liquefy
the
methane
gas
from
the
POME
and
transport
it
to
the
ports.
Analysis Less
best
opJon:
•
Highest
energy
poten+al
•
Large
investment
costs
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

74. OpJons
for
Palm
Oil
(2)
Op+on
3 Op+on
4
DescripJon Invest
in
a
biogas
plant.
Buy
the
PKC
for
market
price.
Invest
in
Liquefy
the
methane
gas
palle>zing
techniques
and
transport
from
the
POME
and
the
compressed
PKS
to
the
ports.
transport
it
to
the
ports.
Analysis Less
best
opJon: Second
best
opJon:
•
Highest
energy
poten+al •
Low
energy
poten+al
•
Large
investment
costs •
Low
investment
costs
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

75. CondiJons
for
the
advised
opJon
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

76. CondiJons
for
the
advised
opJon
1. Convince smallholders and
plantations about the selling of
EFB instead of dumping it.
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

77. CondiJons
for
the
advised
opJon
1. Convince smallholders and
plantations about the selling of
EFB instead of dumping it.
2. Supply mills with a new fertilizer
instead of EFB.
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

78. CondiJons
for
the
advised
opJon
1. Convince smallholders and
plantations about the selling of
EFB instead of dumping it.
2. Supply mills with a new fertilizer
instead of EFB.
3. Supply the mills with a
compressing technique, to
compress EFB in to briquettes.
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

79. CondiJons
for
the
advised
opJon
1. Convince smallholders and
plantations about the selling of
EFB instead of dumping it.
2. Supply mills with a new fertilizer
instead of EFB.
3. Supply the mills with a
compressing technique, to
compress EFB in to briquettes.
4. Assure that the mills are
accessible by large container
trucks.
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

80. OpportuniJes
and
Threats
Indonesia
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

81. OpportuniJes
and
Threats
Indonesia
Opportuni++es
•
Large
areas
of
undeveloped
oil
palm
planta+ons
available;
•
Low
land
costs;
•
Increasing
of
produc+on
by
smallholders
by
using
fer+lizer
and
new
gene+c
stock;
•
Zero-­‐waste
policy.
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

82. OpportuniJes
and
Threats
Indonesia
Opportuni++es Threats
•
Large
areas
of
undeveloped
oil
palm
•
Extremely
limited
infrastructure
planta+ons
available; •
Extremely
limited
processing
capabili+es
•
Low
land
costs; •
Investment
climate
(corrup+on
etc.)
•
Increasing
of
produc+on
by
smallholders
•
Decentralized
government
by
using
fer+lizer
and
new
gene+c
stock; •
Less
focus
on
sustainability;
•
Zero-­‐waste
policy. •
Selling
of
residuals
increases
price.
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

83. Advise
for
Palm
Oil
in
Indonesia
Impor+ng
palm
oil
residuals
from
Indonesia:
A
risky
business
or
a
huge
opportunity?
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

84. Advise
for
Palm
Oil
in
Indonesia
Impor+ng
palm
oil
residuals
from
Indonesia:
A
risky
business
or
a
huge
opportunity?
Risky
Business
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

85. OpportuniJes
and
Threats
Malaysia
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

86. OpportuniJes
and
Threats
Malaysia
Opportuni++es
•
Infrastructure;
•
Expected
produc+on
growth
palm
oil;
•
Research
in
re-­‐use
of
biomass
residuals;
•
Economically
and
poli+cally
stable;
•
Sustainability
issues
/
green
technology
is
s+mulated
by
the
government.
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

87. OpportuniJes
and
Threats
Malaysia
Opportuni++es Threats
•
Infrastructure; •
Short
term
focus
(Red
Tape);
•
Expected
produc+on
growth
palm
oil;
•
Other
par+es
interested
in
PKS
and
PKC.
•
Research
in
re-­‐use
of
biomass
residuals;
•
Selling
of
residuals
increases
price.
•
Economically
and
poli+cally
stable;
•
Sustainability
issues
/
green
technology
is
s+mulated
by
the
government.
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

88. Advise
for
Palm
Oil
in
Malaysia
Impor+ng
Palm
Oil
residuals
from
Malaysia:
A
risky
business
or
a
huge
opportunity?
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

89. Advise
for
Palm
Oil
in
Malaysia
Impor+ng
Palm
Oil
residuals
from
Malaysia:
A
risky
business
or
a
huge
opportunity?
Huge
opportunity
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project

90. QuesJons
The
Amsterdam
Research
Project