The document discusses public administration and intergovernmental relations in the Philippines, outlining its definitions, history, and distinctions between public and private administration. It emphasizes the scope of public administration, which includes planning, organizing, directing, and budgeting, and highlights the roles and responsibilities of public officials. Furthermore, it covers the evolution of public administration through various historical periods, emphasizing the importance of public trust and accountability in government service.

1. PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
&
INTERGOVERNMENTAL
RELATIONS

2. RESOURCE SPEAKERS
1. MARY PAULINE J. GABULE
2. MARISOL L. UY
3. JOHARA B. ANDIG
4. COLSID-REY B. TUBIANO

3. PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION

4. Learning Objectives
• Explain the definition of Public Administration in different perspectives
• Revisit the history of Philippine Public Administration
• Determine the comparison between Public and Private Administration
• Explain the definition and importance of Intergovernmental Relations to the
modern society

7. PUBLIC
• Relating to all the people or the whole area of a nation or state
• Organizing concept in delineating the field.
• Presumed beneficiary of the government

8. ADMINISTRATION
• Process or activity of running a business or an organization
• Organizational process concerned with the implementation of objectives and
plans and internal operating efficiency (Leonard D. White)
• The capacity of coordinating many and often conflicting, social energies in a
single organism, so adroitly that they shall operate as a unity. (Brooks Adams)
• Determined action taken in pursuit of a conscious purpose.

9. What is Public Administration?
• “ Government in Action”
• Concerned with institutional framework of the government, its socio-
economic and political milieu & the behavior of the individuals who man the
bureaucratic machine
• Concerns with the formulation of public policies and implementation of
programs

10. Public Administration
Government
• Totality of all institutions through which the state carries out its will
Administration
• Persons in whose hands the reins of the government are placed for the time being
Administrative Services
• Governmental agencies that are necessary to carry on government routine work

11. Public Administration (Dwight Waldo)
• Cooperative group efforts in a public setting
• Covers Executive, Legislative, & Judicial & their interrelationships
• Has an important role in public policy and is part of the political process

12. SCOPE
• Embraces ALL the activities of the government
• No less than the scope of the state activity
• Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting,
Budgeting etc…

13. Management
• Planning, deciding, exercising of control and the supervision on some
functions of the organization
• The function of executive leadership (Ralph Davis & Alan Filley)
• Organ of society specifically charged with making resources productive (Peter
Drucker)

14. Is Public Administration a Science or an Art?
Proficiency in the practical application
of knowledge acquired through study,
experience or observation
Systematic accumulation of facts,
their analysis and interpretation,
and their use to arrive at a
satisfactory conclusion

15. ART
• The art of administration is the direction,
coordination and control of many persons to
achieve some purpose or objective.

16. SCIENCE
• A science of administration would be a body of
formal statements describing invariant
relationships between measurable objects, units or
elements.
• A science of human interaction that is susceptible
to objective investigation and analysis without
reference to value judgment.

17. “
”
The ART and SCIENCE of designing and
carrying out public policy
Presthus

18. Real Core of Public Administration
 Basic service which is performed for the public
 Ensures the security and protection of life and property of
the members of the society
 Maintaining proper law and order

19. ELEMENTS of PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
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20. refers to establishing a
broad sketch of the work
to be completed and the
procedures incorporated
to implement them

21. involves formally
classifying, defining and
synchronizing the various
sub-processes or
subdivisions of the work
to be done.

22. recruiting and selecting
the right candidates for
the job and facilitating
their orientation and
training while
maintaining a favorable
work environment

23. entails decision making
and delegating structured
instructions and orders to
execute them.

24. refers to orchestrating
and interlinking the
various components
of the work

25. involves regularly updating the
superior about the progress or the
work related activities

26. process of creating a plan
to spend your money

28. “there is similarity, if not
identity, in process wherever
observed”
-White

29. Public Administration vs Private Administration
PUBLIC
• Broad Field
• Based on PUBLIC TRUST
PRIVATE
• Limited field
• Not necessarily

30. PUBLIC OFFICE
is
PUBLIC TRUST

31. created for the promotion
of public welfare and not
for the benefit of one or
more individuals
PUBLIC
TRUST?
Public Officials / Employees
• Must AT ALL TIMES be
accountable to the people
• Serve them with Responsibility,
Integrity, Loyalty & Efficiency
• Act with Patriotism & Justice
• Lead modest lives
1987 Philippine Constitution
Article XI Sec I

32. “
”
To be given the opportunity to serve the people is indeed a
priceless gift that a country can give a citizen. For a citizen
who is given this opportunity and who would serve less than
his very best in dedication and performance, indeed has
committed or is committing an act of APOSTACY
Senate President Gil Puyat

33. Public Administration vs Private Administration
PUBLIC
• Broad Field
• Based on PUBLIC TRUST
• For Common Good
• Relatively routine decision making
procedure
PRIVATE
• Limited field
• Not necessarily
• For Profit, honor, or private interest
of one man, family, or class of men
• Unlimited in decision making

34. Public Administration vs Private Administration
PUBLIC
• Maintenance of Internal status quo
• Activations are subject to public
criticism
• Government Corporation is
restricted by requirements of fiscal
accountability
PRIVATE
• Dynamic entrepreneurship
• Not normally subjected
• No such restriction

35. History of Philippine Public
Administration

36. Pre-Colonial Period
• The Philippines did not exist as a single entity but rather lived as self-
governing groups called Barangays, each ruled by a datu who assumed the
position of a territorial chief, administrator of community life, and was the
galvanizing center of various spheres of activities in the community.

37. Spanish Colonial Period
• Began the tradition of Centralization
• Jurisdictional boundaries between the state and religion were never clearly defined
• Introduced the system of public revenue and public expenditure
• Public offices were regarded as a grant or favor
• Practice of filling up positions by appointment or purchase

38. American Colonial Period
• All high officials of the central government with exception of the Filipino delegates elected
to the Philippine assembly was appointed by the Pres. of the US with the consent of the
American Senate
• Establishment of the Philippine Civil Service system under the Schurman Commission
• Filipinization of the civil service became a basic administrative policy
• Put primary focus on the creation and operation of an efficient and non-political civil service

39. Commonwealth Period
• The civil service had been completely Filipinized
• It adopted a government “ republican in form, Filipino in personnel, and
autonomy in domestic affairs.

40. Japanese Occupation
• Organized a new government in the Philippines known as the Second
Philippine Republic, which was headed by President Jose P. Laurel
• It attempted to secure Filipino cooperation by setting up a facade of a
Filipino civil administration but this government ended up being very
unpopular

41. Service to the
People is not
limited to those in
the government
service.
But are given greater
opportunity to do so

43. RELATIONSHIPS

44. INTERGOVERNMENTAL
RELATIONS

45. The processes and
institutions through which
governments within a
political system interact.

46. Important interactions
between governmental units
of all types and levels.
Interacting network of
institutions at national,
provincial and local levels..

47. An evolving system of
institutional co-operation
that seeks to address the
relations of equality and
interdependence as defined
by the Constitution

48. GOVERNMENT
•The system by which a state or community is governed
•Refers to the particular executive in control of a state at a
given time
•Refers to the larger system by which any state is organized
•The means by which state policy is enforced, as well as the
mechanism for determining the policy of the state

50. Federal System
1. Formal constitutional change, redefining the roles and responsibilities of the
federal and provincial governments
2. Nonstatutory federal-provincial agreement that set out obligations and
commitments in specific policy areas, such as the environment
3. Statutory and binding obligations and commitments, such as
intergovernmental fiscal transfers
4. Informal agreements among political leaders to undertake a certain course of
action

51. Unitary System
ADMINISTRATIVE COORDINATION
and
FISCAL MEASURES

52. Unitary System
ADMINISTRATIVE COORDINATION
and
FISCAL MEASURES

53. What is the relationship of local
governments to the national
government?

54. NATIONAL CONTROL of LOCAL
GOVERNMENT ACTIVITIES

55. Dysfunctional Patterns of National Control
• OVERCONTROL
• UNDERCONTROL
• PERVERSE REGULATION

56. Overcontrol
The subnational governments are merely
administrative arms of the central government

57. Undercontrol
Each tier of subnational government is almost
sovereign and competes with other levels of
government

58. Perverse Regulation
Local governments have some degree of political
autonomy, but perverse incentives characterize the
relationship with the central government

59. Modes of Coordination
VERTICAL
HORIZONTAL
SECTORAL
FORMAL & INFORMAL

60. VERTICAL
• seeks to assure top-down policy coherence
• facilitated by national norms for program goals, and uniform
guidelines of financing institutions
• Local government associations and councils of mayors are often the
main interlocutors with the national and provincial governments on
issues affecting local governments

61. HORIZONTAL
• takes place among agencies operating at the same level of
government, or between local government and the corresponding
civil society

62. SECTORAL
• each policy sector tends to have its own IGR networks and
personnel
• scope, frequency and intensity of interaction can vary between
policy sectors, as can the level of cooperation or conflict

63. FORMAL OR INFORMAL
• Informal IGR are inevitably more difficult to observe but often
as important as formal mechanisms, if not moreso
• There may be unspoken rules, conventions or principles that
are important to the conduct and effectiveness

65. References
• To Serve and To Preserve: Improving Public Administration in a Competitive World
• Understanding Intergovernmental Relations: Key Features and Trends by John Phillimore
• Growth and Development of Public Administration in the Philippines by Pinky Manio
• Is There a Public Administration by Raul P. De Guzman
• Public Administration : The Business of Government by Jose P. Leveriza
• Elements of Public Administration by Smita Khatri Dr. Shiwani Bansal
• https://www.mbaskool.com/business-concepts/marketing-and-strategy-terms/2443-posdcorb.html