The document provides details about several important historical sites in Hanoi, Vietnam. It describes the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, including its construction and features. It then discusses Ho Chi Minh's residences including House 54, the House on Stilts, and other sites related to him. Finally, it summarizes some notable landmarks in Hanoi such as the Temple of Literature, Hoan Kiem Lake, the Old Quarter streets, and Hoa Lo Prison's history.
This document provides an overview of Thai temple architecture. It discusses the typical elements found in Thai Buddhist temples including the Bot/Ubosot (ordination hall), Viharn (sermon hall), Chedi (stupa), and other structures. It explains characteristics of architectural features such as the prang, which was adapted from the Khmer and became more slender and vertical in emphasis. The document also provides examples of architectural styles from different periods including Sukhothai, Ayutthaya, Lanna, and Rattanakosin.
This document summarizes the main types and architectural features of stupas and temples found in Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. It identifies three main types of stupas: 1) dome stupas, 2) terrace stupas, and 3) tower stupas. It then provides details on the common architectural elements of Buddhist temples (wats) in Thailand, including the main structures like the chedi, viharn, and ubosot as well as decorative features like naga, singha lions, and roof ornaments.
The document provides an overview of Cambodian architecture from the pre-Angkor period through the Angkor period. It discusses the early Funan kingdom and the Chenla kingdoms that preceded Angkor. The highlight was the Angkor period, when the Khmer Empire built massive temple complexes like Angkor Wat, the largest religious monument in the world. Angkor Wat and other temples displayed high quality workmanship and elaborate carvings and decorations. The document includes various images and diagrams of Angkor Wat and other Angkor temples to illustrate Cambodian architectural styles and designs from this peak period of Khmer empire.
Vietnam has a diverse landscape and climate from north to south. Its architecture reflects its political and cultural history, including imperial palaces, temples, pagodas, and communal houses. Distinct styles include wood and bamboo structures with ornate details and symmetrical designs that integrate natural settings. Materials range from wood and bamboo to brick, stone, and tile, reflecting regional availability. Architectural forms demonstrate both Chinese and religious influences on Vietnamese traditions.
This document provides information about architectural styles in Nepal. It begins with geographical context, noting Nepal's location between India and China and its topographical divisions. Key architectural influences discussed include climate, materials, history, religion, and social factors. Examples of architectural features are given for various regions, including the Kathmandu Valley cities of Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur. Specific monument types described include stupas, temples, and palaces. The document concludes with details on the Bamiyan Buddhas in Afghanistan.
The document provides information on the architecture of Vietnam and Laos. It discusses the historical backgrounds and influences on the architecture of both countries. Some key architectural sites mentioned include the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long in Hanoi, the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty, the Complex of Hue Monuments including royal tombs and pagodas, the ancient town of Hoi An with its fusion of styles, and the Cham ruins at My Son Sanctuary. In Laos, the historic town of Luang Prabang and its temples are highlighted.
Tibet sits at a high altitude with a unique ecosystem. It is home to rare wildlife and bordered by India, Nepal, Bhutan and China. The Potala Palace in Lhasa is the most important Buddhist site, built in the 17th century and housing artifacts. Prayer flags are used to sanctify the landscape and bring good fortune. Stupas called Chortens are architectural structures used in Buddhist rituals and symbolizing enlightenment. Bagan in Myanmar is known as the "Land of Pagodas" due to its landscape dominated by Buddhist stupas and temples from the 9th-13th centuries. The structures blend Burmese and Indian architectural styles.
This document provides an overview of Thai temple architecture. It discusses the typical elements found in Thai Buddhist temples including the Bot/Ubosot (ordination hall), Viharn (sermon hall), Chedi (stupa), and other structures. It explains characteristics of architectural features such as the prang, which was adapted from the Khmer and became more slender and vertical in emphasis. The document also provides examples of architectural styles from different periods including Sukhothai, Ayutthaya, Lanna, and Rattanakosin.
This document summarizes the main types and architectural features of stupas and temples found in Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. It identifies three main types of stupas: 1) dome stupas, 2) terrace stupas, and 3) tower stupas. It then provides details on the common architectural elements of Buddhist temples (wats) in Thailand, including the main structures like the chedi, viharn, and ubosot as well as decorative features like naga, singha lions, and roof ornaments.
The document provides an overview of Cambodian architecture from the pre-Angkor period through the Angkor period. It discusses the early Funan kingdom and the Chenla kingdoms that preceded Angkor. The highlight was the Angkor period, when the Khmer Empire built massive temple complexes like Angkor Wat, the largest religious monument in the world. Angkor Wat and other temples displayed high quality workmanship and elaborate carvings and decorations. The document includes various images and diagrams of Angkor Wat and other Angkor temples to illustrate Cambodian architectural styles and designs from this peak period of Khmer empire.
Vietnam has a diverse landscape and climate from north to south. Its architecture reflects its political and cultural history, including imperial palaces, temples, pagodas, and communal houses. Distinct styles include wood and bamboo structures with ornate details and symmetrical designs that integrate natural settings. Materials range from wood and bamboo to brick, stone, and tile, reflecting regional availability. Architectural forms demonstrate both Chinese and religious influences on Vietnamese traditions.
This document provides information about architectural styles in Nepal. It begins with geographical context, noting Nepal's location between India and China and its topographical divisions. Key architectural influences discussed include climate, materials, history, religion, and social factors. Examples of architectural features are given for various regions, including the Kathmandu Valley cities of Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur. Specific monument types described include stupas, temples, and palaces. The document concludes with details on the Bamiyan Buddhas in Afghanistan.
The document provides information on the architecture of Vietnam and Laos. It discusses the historical backgrounds and influences on the architecture of both countries. Some key architectural sites mentioned include the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long in Hanoi, the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty, the Complex of Hue Monuments including royal tombs and pagodas, the ancient town of Hoi An with its fusion of styles, and the Cham ruins at My Son Sanctuary. In Laos, the historic town of Luang Prabang and its temples are highlighted.
Tibet sits at a high altitude with a unique ecosystem. It is home to rare wildlife and bordered by India, Nepal, Bhutan and China. The Potala Palace in Lhasa is the most important Buddhist site, built in the 17th century and housing artifacts. Prayer flags are used to sanctify the landscape and bring good fortune. Stupas called Chortens are architectural structures used in Buddhist rituals and symbolizing enlightenment. Bagan in Myanmar is known as the "Land of Pagodas" due to its landscape dominated by Buddhist stupas and temples from the 9th-13th centuries. The structures blend Burmese and Indian architectural styles.
precolonial architecture of Cambodia, Angkor wat , history of architecture AMMU PRADEEP KUMAR
About the precolonial Cambodian architecture , introduction to khmer architecture ,characteristics of khmer architecture , architectural features and planning of Angkor wat.
HISTORY: South East Asian (Myanmar & Cambodia) 1.0ArchiEducPH
1) Cambodian architecture evolved from wooden structures to more substantial brick and stone buildings incorporating Indian forms and Khmer elements. Examples of early temples still stand in ruined states.
2) In Cambodia, important early architectural developments included the creation of cities, temples, and irrigation systems between 800-900 AD. Major later structures include Angkor Wat and Angkor Thom.
3) Myanmar architecture is primarily religious in nature, with styles evolving over four historical periods. Major structures from the Pagan period include stupas with terraced bases and temples surrounded by corridors. Later architecture incorporated Chinese influences.
The document provides an overview of Indonesian architecture. It discusses the diverse influences on Indonesian architecture from various ethnic groups, religions, and foreign colonizers. Traditional Indonesian architecture is characterized by structures built on stilts to withstand tropical weather, with steeply pitched roofs and large overhanging eaves. Significant religious architecture includes Hindu-Buddhist candi from the 8th-10th centuries and mosques with distinct Indonesian interpretations beginning in the 15th century. Traditional vernacular architecture, known as rumah adat, varies significantly between ethnic groups and regions. Palace architecture is based on grand versions of local styles.
This document provides biographies of several contemporary Nepali architects including Gangadhar Bhatta, Shankar Nath Rimal, Bibhuti Man Singh, and Carl Pruscha. It discusses their philosophies and important works. Gangadhar Bhatta is considered the founder of modern architecture in Nepal and designed notable buildings like City Hall. Shankar Nath Rimal introduced modern construction techniques and designed landmarks such as Sahid Gate and Everest Hotel. Carl Pruscha emphasized simplicity and respect for the local environment in his works, including the CEDA building. The document highlights the contributions of these architects in advancing architecture in Nepal.
Louis I Kahn was an American architect known for his monumental and monumental buildings. Some of his most notable works include the National Assembly Building in Bangladesh, the Indian Institute of Management in Ahmedabad, India, and the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas. Kahn's buildings are characterized by their use of simple materials like brick and concrete and their emphasis on natural light and the interplay of solid and void. He strove to create a sense of spirituality and awe through his designs.
Chaplain Charles Bonner received certificates of appreciation from the Yakima Training Center for his volunteer service benefiting soldiers and families. The certificates recognized his efforts in preparing Easter gift bags, making weekly spiritual services available, and participating in the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force Home Visit Program. His work improved the environment for soldiers, civilians, and training units at the base.
This presentation discusses the benefits of owning a home compared to renting. It notes some common mood spoilers of renting such as filthy surroundings, lack of space, and high rent. Shocking facts are presented about internet home searching and rising home values. Benefits of owning one's own home include celebrating events in peace and not paying monthly rent. The presentation promotes a real estate agent who can provide best services around the clock without costing much. Tools used include images, information spreading, transparency, and ads to connect buyers and sellers.
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck, an online presentation tool. It includes two stock photos and text encouraging the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation and sharing it on SlideShare.
The document describes GO Digital's partner services for SEO agencies and marketing companies. It offers benefits such as a dedicated campaign manager, full reporting and visibility, quality control, and competitive pricing. GO Digital provides services including blogger outreach, link building, and citations to help partners strengthen their digital strategy offerings.
El documento describe 18 prácticas realizadas en el Colegio Nacional Nicolas Esguerra. Las prácticas incluyen detectar distancia, control de distancia, detectar líneas oscuras y detectar toque.
El documento presenta un resumen de las prácticas realizadas en el Colegio Nacional Nicolas Esguerra. Se mencionan tres prácticas realizadas, la número 10, 11 y 12, esta última sobre la detección de sonido.
This short document contains photo credits attributed to five different photographers: Melle plante, miez!, medicalmuseion, Michel Filion, and andres.thor. It concludes by encouraging the reader to create their own Haiku Deck presentation on SlideShare.
Unraveling Global Corporate Mining Today: Challenges to Mining CampaignersIPCM2015
The document discusses new challenges facing mining campaigners, including industry strategies and new organizations. It notes growing literature around the "resource curse" and increasing human rights abuses by mining company security. While the industry promotes mining for development, the document argues it can instead create long-term development deficits. It provides examples like the John Ruggie case with Barrick Gold and the 2014 mining disaster in Canada to show that branding and being in a developed country do not change negative realities.
A case of papillary carcinoma thyroid with hematogenous spreadSujith Jose
This case report describes a 65-year-old man with papillary carcinoma of the thyroid that had spread widely to distant sites via the bloodstream. He presented with a neck swelling and swelling on his left cheek. Imaging showed metastases in the lungs, bones, and brain. He underwent a total thyroidectomy to debulk the thyroid tumor. Histopathology confirmed papillary carcinoma. Despite hematogenous metastases being rare for this cancer type, this case illustrates that papillary carcinoma can uncommonly spread to distant soft tissues and bones through the bloodstream. The patient received radioactive iodine therapy and radiation to treat the widespread metastases.
The document provides an agenda for Week 11 that includes:
1) Having project groups pick a topic for comparison by January 18th, 2010.
2) Homework on creating a table from 1900 to present and discussing if they have a learning curve.
3) Preparing for a Middle Ages exam on January 25th, 2010.
Ancient Chinese architecture was based on principles of balance and symmetry. The main structure was supported by an axis, with secondary structures on either side forming an open central space. Buildings reflected Chinese values and religions like Taoism and Buddhism through tranquil, serene designs. Architectural styles evolved over dynasties, from wood structures in early times to large palaces like the Forbidden City under the Ming Dynasty. Chinese architecture had widespread influence across East Asia and was later introduced to Europe.
The document provides information about travel to China and Taiwan. It discusses key places to visit in Beijing and Guangzhou in China such as the Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, Summer Palace, and Great Wall of China. In Taiwan, places mentioned include Sun Moon Lake, Jiufen, and Alishan. Travel documents and customs regulations for both countries are also outlined, including visa requirements, currency import/export limits, and prohibited/restricted items.
Chinese, Civilization, Architecture, Chinese civilization architecture, Chinese architecture, Traditional architecture, Traditional chinese architecture, Architecturechinese architecture characteristics, Chinese architecture style, Chinese architecture roof, Modern chinese architecture, Famous chinese architecture, Chinese architecture ppt, Chinese architecture pdf, Chinese architecture drawing, Culture, Landmark, Cityscape, Ancient, China, History, Ntdtv, Asia, Engineerintangible, Cultural, Heritage;, Unesco, 2003, Convention;, China;, 00223channel 4, All 4, Secrets of china's forbidden city, Forbidden city, Ancient china, Historic china, Earthquake, Earthquake proof, Palace, Ming dynasty, Dynasty, Documentary, Full documentary, Watch documentary, Clip, Trending, Tv shows - topic, Tv shows, All things film u0026 tv, Popular right now, Traditional, ,
During ancient Greece's Golden Age in the 5th century BCE, Athens emerged as the dominant city-state after defeating the Persians. Athens used its wealth and power to fund the arts and culture, leading to advances in architecture, sculpture, and pottery. Greek art and architecture aimed for realistic yet idealized representations of the human form and natural world. This set the standard for Western civilization. The Roman Empire later built upon Greek influences, combining functionalism with elegance. They innovated concrete and architectural forms like arches, vaults, and domes. The Byzantine Empire that emerged adopted Greek artistic motifs but imbued them with Christian symbolism, fusing secular and religious influences in lavish mosaics and
It is the presentation of Acient Chinese, specially made for knowing their history of architecture. it contains breif history about china, their geography, their geological influences, climatic influence, SOCIAL, RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES, and Architectural Character....with examples of PAGoDAS, THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA, AND PAI LOUS..
precolonial architecture of Cambodia, Angkor wat , history of architecture AMMU PRADEEP KUMAR
About the precolonial Cambodian architecture , introduction to khmer architecture ,characteristics of khmer architecture , architectural features and planning of Angkor wat.
HISTORY: South East Asian (Myanmar & Cambodia) 1.0ArchiEducPH
1) Cambodian architecture evolved from wooden structures to more substantial brick and stone buildings incorporating Indian forms and Khmer elements. Examples of early temples still stand in ruined states.
2) In Cambodia, important early architectural developments included the creation of cities, temples, and irrigation systems between 800-900 AD. Major later structures include Angkor Wat and Angkor Thom.
3) Myanmar architecture is primarily religious in nature, with styles evolving over four historical periods. Major structures from the Pagan period include stupas with terraced bases and temples surrounded by corridors. Later architecture incorporated Chinese influences.
The document provides an overview of Indonesian architecture. It discusses the diverse influences on Indonesian architecture from various ethnic groups, religions, and foreign colonizers. Traditional Indonesian architecture is characterized by structures built on stilts to withstand tropical weather, with steeply pitched roofs and large overhanging eaves. Significant religious architecture includes Hindu-Buddhist candi from the 8th-10th centuries and mosques with distinct Indonesian interpretations beginning in the 15th century. Traditional vernacular architecture, known as rumah adat, varies significantly between ethnic groups and regions. Palace architecture is based on grand versions of local styles.
This document provides biographies of several contemporary Nepali architects including Gangadhar Bhatta, Shankar Nath Rimal, Bibhuti Man Singh, and Carl Pruscha. It discusses their philosophies and important works. Gangadhar Bhatta is considered the founder of modern architecture in Nepal and designed notable buildings like City Hall. Shankar Nath Rimal introduced modern construction techniques and designed landmarks such as Sahid Gate and Everest Hotel. Carl Pruscha emphasized simplicity and respect for the local environment in his works, including the CEDA building. The document highlights the contributions of these architects in advancing architecture in Nepal.
Louis I Kahn was an American architect known for his monumental and monumental buildings. Some of his most notable works include the National Assembly Building in Bangladesh, the Indian Institute of Management in Ahmedabad, India, and the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas. Kahn's buildings are characterized by their use of simple materials like brick and concrete and their emphasis on natural light and the interplay of solid and void. He strove to create a sense of spirituality and awe through his designs.
Chaplain Charles Bonner received certificates of appreciation from the Yakima Training Center for his volunteer service benefiting soldiers and families. The certificates recognized his efforts in preparing Easter gift bags, making weekly spiritual services available, and participating in the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force Home Visit Program. His work improved the environment for soldiers, civilians, and training units at the base.
This presentation discusses the benefits of owning a home compared to renting. It notes some common mood spoilers of renting such as filthy surroundings, lack of space, and high rent. Shocking facts are presented about internet home searching and rising home values. Benefits of owning one's own home include celebrating events in peace and not paying monthly rent. The presentation promotes a real estate agent who can provide best services around the clock without costing much. Tools used include images, information spreading, transparency, and ads to connect buyers and sellers.
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck, an online presentation tool. It includes two stock photos and text encouraging the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation and sharing it on SlideShare.
The document describes GO Digital's partner services for SEO agencies and marketing companies. It offers benefits such as a dedicated campaign manager, full reporting and visibility, quality control, and competitive pricing. GO Digital provides services including blogger outreach, link building, and citations to help partners strengthen their digital strategy offerings.
El documento describe 18 prácticas realizadas en el Colegio Nacional Nicolas Esguerra. Las prácticas incluyen detectar distancia, control de distancia, detectar líneas oscuras y detectar toque.
El documento presenta un resumen de las prácticas realizadas en el Colegio Nacional Nicolas Esguerra. Se mencionan tres prácticas realizadas, la número 10, 11 y 12, esta última sobre la detección de sonido.
This short document contains photo credits attributed to five different photographers: Melle plante, miez!, medicalmuseion, Michel Filion, and andres.thor. It concludes by encouraging the reader to create their own Haiku Deck presentation on SlideShare.
Unraveling Global Corporate Mining Today: Challenges to Mining CampaignersIPCM2015
The document discusses new challenges facing mining campaigners, including industry strategies and new organizations. It notes growing literature around the "resource curse" and increasing human rights abuses by mining company security. While the industry promotes mining for development, the document argues it can instead create long-term development deficits. It provides examples like the John Ruggie case with Barrick Gold and the 2014 mining disaster in Canada to show that branding and being in a developed country do not change negative realities.
A case of papillary carcinoma thyroid with hematogenous spreadSujith Jose
This case report describes a 65-year-old man with papillary carcinoma of the thyroid that had spread widely to distant sites via the bloodstream. He presented with a neck swelling and swelling on his left cheek. Imaging showed metastases in the lungs, bones, and brain. He underwent a total thyroidectomy to debulk the thyroid tumor. Histopathology confirmed papillary carcinoma. Despite hematogenous metastases being rare for this cancer type, this case illustrates that papillary carcinoma can uncommonly spread to distant soft tissues and bones through the bloodstream. The patient received radioactive iodine therapy and radiation to treat the widespread metastases.
The document provides an agenda for Week 11 that includes:
1) Having project groups pick a topic for comparison by January 18th, 2010.
2) Homework on creating a table from 1900 to present and discussing if they have a learning curve.
3) Preparing for a Middle Ages exam on January 25th, 2010.
Ancient Chinese architecture was based on principles of balance and symmetry. The main structure was supported by an axis, with secondary structures on either side forming an open central space. Buildings reflected Chinese values and religions like Taoism and Buddhism through tranquil, serene designs. Architectural styles evolved over dynasties, from wood structures in early times to large palaces like the Forbidden City under the Ming Dynasty. Chinese architecture had widespread influence across East Asia and was later introduced to Europe.
The document provides information about travel to China and Taiwan. It discusses key places to visit in Beijing and Guangzhou in China such as the Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, Summer Palace, and Great Wall of China. In Taiwan, places mentioned include Sun Moon Lake, Jiufen, and Alishan. Travel documents and customs regulations for both countries are also outlined, including visa requirements, currency import/export limits, and prohibited/restricted items.
Chinese, Civilization, Architecture, Chinese civilization architecture, Chinese architecture, Traditional architecture, Traditional chinese architecture, Architecturechinese architecture characteristics, Chinese architecture style, Chinese architecture roof, Modern chinese architecture, Famous chinese architecture, Chinese architecture ppt, Chinese architecture pdf, Chinese architecture drawing, Culture, Landmark, Cityscape, Ancient, China, History, Ntdtv, Asia, Engineerintangible, Cultural, Heritage;, Unesco, 2003, Convention;, China;, 00223channel 4, All 4, Secrets of china's forbidden city, Forbidden city, Ancient china, Historic china, Earthquake, Earthquake proof, Palace, Ming dynasty, Dynasty, Documentary, Full documentary, Watch documentary, Clip, Trending, Tv shows - topic, Tv shows, All things film u0026 tv, Popular right now, Traditional, ,
During ancient Greece's Golden Age in the 5th century BCE, Athens emerged as the dominant city-state after defeating the Persians. Athens used its wealth and power to fund the arts and culture, leading to advances in architecture, sculpture, and pottery. Greek art and architecture aimed for realistic yet idealized representations of the human form and natural world. This set the standard for Western civilization. The Roman Empire later built upon Greek influences, combining functionalism with elegance. They innovated concrete and architectural forms like arches, vaults, and domes. The Byzantine Empire that emerged adopted Greek artistic motifs but imbued them with Christian symbolism, fusing secular and religious influences in lavish mosaics and
It is the presentation of Acient Chinese, specially made for knowing their history of architecture. it contains breif history about china, their geography, their geological influences, climatic influence, SOCIAL, RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES, and Architectural Character....with examples of PAGoDAS, THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA, AND PAI LOUS..
This document summarizes key information from Chapter 1, which covers prehistoric and early civilizations from the Paleolithic era through Ancient Egypt. It provides an overview of the time periods, cultures, themes, forms of art, and important works discussed in the chapter. Learning objectives are outlined that focus on recognizing characteristics of art from these periods and cultures, as well as understanding key vocabulary. The bulk of the document then analyzes and describes important artworks from each culture, highlighting what they reveal about the people and their beliefs. Students are directed to review this information, take a quiz on Chapter 1, and respond to a discussion question relating ancient artists' religious beliefs to their artwork.
An examination of africas contributions to the early christian movement part 1Rasta101
This document provides an overview of Africa's contributions to early Christianity. It discusses key figures and institutions that shaped early Christian thought and development, many of which originated in Africa. Specifically:
- Many early Church Fathers who influenced both Eastern and Western Christianity, such as Origen, Athanasius, Cyprian, Tertullian, and Augustine, were from North Africa and led important academic communities there.
- Alexandria, Egypt was a major center of early Christian learning and home to influential institutions like the Library of Alexandria, the Musaeum, and the Didascalium catechetical school, which provided models for later European universities.
- Other North African cities like Hippo,
The document discusses proposals for urban renewal projects in Koon Tong, Hong Kong. It describes the history and existing problems of the area, including pollution, lack of facilities, and traffic congestion. Two specific renewal projects are outlined, focusing on developing commercial areas, recreational spaces, and improving community facilities. Some concerns about the proposals include disrupting traffic, limiting public access to spaces, loss of local culture, and existing residents not being able to return. The document also discusses how industrial buildings have been repurposed for storage, art, and music in other areas.
This document provides information about a 1.5 day tour schedule to Tay Thien in northern Vietnam. The itinerary includes visiting numerous temples, pagodas and other sites around Tay Thien, with transportation provided. Highlights include Truc Lam Zen Monastery, Thien An Pagoda, Tay Thien Mother Temple and cable car rides offering views of the scenic mountainous area. The schedule demonstrates the rich cultural and spiritual heritage of Tay Thien through a packed program of historical, religious and natural attractions.
The document provides an overview of Greek architecture from the Archaic to Hellenistic periods. It describes the key characteristics of Greek temples including their materials, proportions, orders, and typical layouts. The three main architectural orders - Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian - are defined based on their columns, capitals, and friezes. Public buildings like theaters, stoas, gymnasiums, and agoras are also summarized. Overall, the document outlines the main features and developments of Greek architecture over different historical periods.
Trang An, Hoa Lu, and Bai Dinh are three famous destinations in Ninh Binh province known for their scenic landscapes, historical temples and pagodas. The document provides an itinerary and overview of the attractions in each location over 3 days of travel. Key stops include Trang An landscape, Hoa Lu Ancient Capital sites like Dinh Tien Hoang and Le Dai Hanh Temples, and the massive Bai Dinh Pagoda known for its arhat statues and bell tower. Accommodations and local cuisine are also highlighted.
Overview of Western Art and Non Western Art Part 1kraruu
This document provides an overview of Western art history and some non-Western art traditions. It discusses the major periods and styles from prehistoric art through medieval art in Europe and the Near East. Key points covered include Stone Age cave paintings, Ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian art and architecture, Greek temples and sculpture following set proportions, Roman adaptations of Greek styles along with innovative uses of concrete, Byzantine mosaics and architectural fusion styles, and Gothic cathedrals employing pointed arches, vaults, and stained glass designs.
Louis Isadore Kahn was an American architect known for his monumental and monolithic modern designs. A turning point in his career came in 1950-51 when he visited ancient ruins in Greece and Egypt, inspiring him to combine classical forms and durable materials with modern techniques. He established a style influenced by solid forms, light/shadow contrasts, and a distinction between "served" and "servant" spaces. Two of his most admired works were the Yale University Art Gallery, known for its triangular staircase and use of concrete, brick and glass, and the Bangladesh National Assembly Building, a massive legislative complex featuring a central chamber lit by a parabolic shell roof.
Louis Kahn designed the Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban (National Assembly Building) in Dhaka, Bangladesh between 1961-1982. Some key points:
- It is one of the largest legislative complexes in the world, housing all parliamentary activities.
- Kahn designed the entire 200-acre complex, including lawns, lake and residences, in a modern style that represented Bangladeshi heritage.
- He used concrete, brick, and geometric shapes inspired by traditional Bengali patterns to create a monumental yet culturally significant building.
- Natural light was a key design element, filtering into spaces like the 354-member Parliament Chamber through a parabolic shell roof.
- The complex is composed of
Greek architecture developed over three periods - Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic. The Classical period represented the peak, with temples reaching their zenith of proportion and beauty through balanced columns and symmetrical designs. Three column styles - Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian - each with distinct features like capitals and friezes, were used. Temples and public buildings like theaters showed skillful use of geometry, optics, and decoration to achieve harmonious and visually perfect structures that embodied Greek ideals of reason, balance, and human-centered design.
Located in a small area, Hoi An enchanting travellers with many attractions, the beautiful architecture, the peaceful and gentle lives of local.
In this article I introduce you 9 attractions in Hoi An where you will not regret after visiting such as: Japan Bridge, Assembly Halls,...
How to spend one perfect day tour in Hanoi?Nadova Tours
This document provides suggestions for how to spend a perfect day in Hanoi, Vietnam. In the morning, one could visit the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum and attend the flag raising ceremony, as well as see the One Pillar Pagoda and Tran Quoc Pagoda. The afternoon suggests touring Hoan Kiem Lake, the Old Quarter, and The Temple of Literature. In the evening, one could watch a water puppet show and experience the nightlife on Ta Hien Street.
Greek architecture originated in Greece and spread during the Roman Empire. There were three main periods: Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic. The Classical period was the peak, with temples reaching their zenith. Temples were the essential buildings and followed orders like Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, each with distinguishing column and capital styles. Proportion and harmony were highly valued. Architecture expanded with Greek colonization and Alexander's conquests. Theaters, stoas, and agoras were other common public buildings that demonstrated the Greeks' emphasis on beauty, symmetry, and civic life.
This document provides an overview of early Chinese and Korean art before 1279 CE. It discusses important Neolithic cultures like Yangshao and Liangzhu and their painted pottery and jade carvings. The Bronze Age saw the rise of the Shang dynasty, known for ritual bronzes made through piece-mold casting. Subsequent Zhou dynasty artifacts included bells. Under the Qin, Emperor Shihuangdi's terra cotta army was constructed, while the Han dynasty saw prosperity and the opening of the Silk Road, as well as artifacts like the painted banner from Changsha tomb.
Ibiza, situated in the Balearic Islands, stands out as a destination that encompasses everything: stunning landscapes, hidden gems to explore, a vibrant social scene, rich cultural life, and exceptional gastronomy. Opting for ‘Ibiza Rent A Boat’ to experience an unforgettable vacation on the White Island is certainly worthwhile, prompting a deeper exploration of the unique and fascinating aspects of Ibiza.
What Challenges Await Beginners in SnowshoeingSnowshoe Tahoe
Discover the exhilarating world of snowshoeing through our presentation, highlighting the challenges faced by beginners. From physical exertion to technical finesse and braving harsh winter conditions, each step in the snow brings new obstacles and unforgettable adventures. Embrace the challenge and conquer the winter wonderland with confidence!
How To Change Your Name On American Airlines Aadvantage.pptxedqour001namechange
American Airlines permits passengers to change/correct names on their AAdvantage account. Also, you can request a name change both online via a web portal and offline over the phone. For further information on how to change your name on American Airlines Advantage, get in touch with the airline’s customer service. Also, you can reach out to a consolidation desk at +1-866-738-0741 for quick assistance.
Golden Gate Bridge: Magnificent Architecture in San Francisco | CIO Women Mag...CIOWomenMagazine
The famous suspension bridge connects the city of San Francisco to Marin County in California. Golden Gate Bridge carries both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1 across the strait and is about one mile wide. In this article, we will explore the history and significance that have shaped the iconic monument it is known as today.
Beyond the mountains, a tour in Nepal reveals a vibrant tapestry of cultural heritage. The Kathmandu Valley, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, boasts an array of ancient temples, stupas, and palaces. Durbar Squares in Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Patan are treasure troves of medieval art and architecture.
Prepare for cold weather rafting with proper gear: layering for warmth, insulated headgear, gloves, waterproof footwear, and essential accessories like sunglasses and sunscreen. Prioritize safety with a life jacket and maintain gear for optimal performance. Stay warm, dry, and ready for adventure on the rapids!
What Outdoor Adventures Await Young Adults in Montreal's Surrounding NatureSpade & Palacio Tours
Experience Montreal's vibrant culture and thrilling outdoor adventures. From hiking scenic trails at Mont-Saint-Bruno to kayaking the Saint Lawrence River, there's something for every adventurous young adult. Explore street art, camp under the stars, and immerse yourself in nature's beauty just beyond the city's bustling streets.
The Ultimate Travel Guide to Hawaii Island Hopping in 2024adventuressabifn
island hopping in Hawaii. This magical place offers a number of experiences, as each island has its own charm. Do you love adventure? Then, hike through volcanoes or kayak along an amazing coastline. If you want relaxation, then Hawaii is perfect because it has the most amazing beaches. In this blog, I will help you make an itinerary for your Hawaii Island Hopping. Every island offers something special. The Big Island offers some of the most perfect volcanoes as well as stargazing. Maui will pamper you with beaches and luxury. Kauai has some of the most lush rainforests with dramatic cliffs, and Oahu can offer a taste of city life and historical significance.
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Un viaje a Buenos Aires y sus alrededoresJudy Hochberg
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1. write a paragraph about your trip to dubai and what are the facts responsible for the heavy rainfall in dubai that caused havec ?
2. mention any five major tourist attaction of dubai
Mathematics: a student a visit her family her father converted Rs. 1,15,000 inr currency for dubai airport theexpedite in the trip is given below
1. Curreny name of India and dubai
2. Conversions amount
3. Total Converted amount
4. cost of food
5. cost of sightseeing
6. cost of shoping
7. cost of saving
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3. • located in the centre of Ba Dinh Square
• wish to be cremated and to have his ashes scattered in the hills of north,
central, and southern Vietnam. => "more hygienic than burial and would
also save land for agricultural purposes.“ mausoleum: for citizens to show
respect
• Construction work : September 2, 1973
• Opening: August 29, 1975
Every person: at least one Hanoian volunteer working day to build the
mausoleum
• 1 week before it started: rainy- stopped raining- sky supported
4. • 1st time : built a mausoleum ourselves with cement ( support from Soviet
but not enough time)
Inspired by Lenin's Mausoleum in Moscow , distinct Vietnamese architectural
elements (sloping roof)
Structure: strong, prevent earthquake
21.6 metres high
41.2 metres wide
• Best materials from all the country: marble, granite in Thanh Hoa, Sand in
Hoa Binh
• Lines of visitors: pay respect at the mausoleum every day.
• Rules regarding dress and behaviour: strictly enforced by staff and guards
5. • Grass: mats for citizens to gather (168 squares)
• 79 Cycas Revoluta Plants
Banner: Long live the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam
• President HCM live forever in our career
• Most well known Lodestar: Nothing is more important than independence
• Bamboo ranges: defense for the mausoleum, national trees- represent the
spirit: fertility, power; past: weapon to protect our country from French
7. • Built by French
• Completed in 1906
• (1954) Uncle Ho: refused to live in the grand
structure for symbolic reasons
• Now: hosts government meetings (not open to
the public)
• Welcome delegates from all over the world,
• Public: Not allowed to visit
• Now president: x live here, just work (learn
from HCM)
8. • Yellow: color of royalty in feudalism- as high as
king- show the power, outstanding in the
garden in the whole complex
• HCM wanted to build a school for children (
welcome children from all countries)
• The complex : 400 rooms- now destroyed
9. •
• Houses for officials in past
• 3 cars used when he was alive
• Cars: gifts
• 1st car: Soviet Union
• 2nd car: long distance, bumpy road, gift from
Vietnamese people in France
• 3rd car: Birthday gift from Soviet Union- around
city
11. • (1954- 1958,) HCM lived in No. 54 – with electrical workers (after he came
back from Viet Bac)
• Structure: Simple
• Kitchen, Bedroom
• Dining room: + invite guests to use meals with him
• + radio: when he felt lonely=> human’s voice; news from soldiers,
Vietnamese students from abroad
• + clock: It seems to be still working – keep the moment
• He cleaned up himself – no need others’ help=> X consider President-
ordinary person
12. • meal: simple- fish, vegetables, dua muoi ca
• Working room: pictures: Karl Marx, Lenin
- his best teachers- communism- path to follow
• doll: Japan
• wine container: Portugal
13. • Fish pond: garden- pond-cage
• Hard work- feed the fish
• How to call fish: clap hands (fish habit)
• Harvest fish around his birthday – deliver staff
14. • Peacock: gift from Hanoi zoo
• When Uncle Ho went abroad, he tried to bring animals to send to Hanoi
zoo- for children to play
• Mango Road/ path built by Viet Nam
Mango Road: exercise discuss problems with followers
Lots of trees here planted by HCM , his followers
All mangoes sent from the South-
Fruits sent to soldiers in the past
Now :to staff
• Working place: mind: flexible- fresh
Hold a conference with soldiers
16. • Buddha root trees: 40 years
• 1958- 1969
• 2 levels
+1st floor: meeting with soldiers- iron helmet
+ 2nd floor: 2 rooms: curtain- summer, winter
• too weak to climb upstairs, downstairs
• Last days: Small house: convenient (this house has no bathroom and
kitchen => he would come back to House No.54 => saving, simple, flexible
18. • Dien Huu= long-lasting happiness
• 1049: Ly Thai Tong
• Legend: Lý Thái Tông was childless and dreamt that he met the Female
Buddha, who handed him a baby son while seated on a lotus flower =>
had a son=> erecting a pillar in the middle of a lotus pond, similar to the
one he saw in the dream.
• Pond: square-earth
• Yin and yang
• 1945: bomb
• Rebult: 2000 - restoration
• 2012: most unique architecture
• Symbolize longetivity, happiness, show respect, gratitude
• Today: couples pray to have children
20. • from above: a white lotus flower
• Designed by a Russian architect
• Trong Dong: mark different stages ( a gift from Thanh Hoa)
• 3 floors
• a collection of artifacts, miniatures and various gifts gathered nationally
and internationally(description written in English and Franc)
22. • Temple of Confucius
• hosts the Imperial Academy – first national University (the final courtyard
– 1076 – the first national university)
• built in 1070 (Ly Thanh Tong)
• Khue Van Cac featured on the back of the 100,000 VND
23. • Pillars: ha ma – mark the scared land
• 1st gate: 3 doors: tam quan
• 5 court yards: +5 elements: wood, fire, earth, metal, and water
+ 5 relationships of confucianism:
Husband and wife
Parent and child
Elder sibling and younger sibling
Elder friend and younger friend
Ruler and subject
+ scared number in spiritual life
27. • Khue Van Cac (originally x belong to the temple) symbol of Ha Noi -2010
• 1805
• Brightest star of 28 stars: Star of Education and Literature=> light for
students
• Most important part of the temple
• Past: For crown prince to study
28. • Material: wood
• Ponds: tiger eyes- strong: watch, protect
+ Circle, round shape: Sky- mirror on the lake
+ Square shape: Earth
=>Harmony, yin and yang
Roof tiles: 3 levels:
+ Middle: present
+Top: past
+Bottom: future
30. • Well of Heavenly Clarity – gieng thien quang
• +clear your mind: fix appearance before seeing the Confucianist, mirror to
reflect -deserve to come in
• + Sun shines through the mirror to the well
• + center of the whole complex
1484 ( Le Thanh Tong ); 116 steles of carved blue stone turtles with elaborate
motifs => honour talent and encourage study
• + Turtle: *live long- resilient
*wisdom
* among 4, only tutles: real ones- others: imaginary
=>When it comes to studing, do real things
* Back of the turtle: - sky
Abdomen: earth
31. • 82 stone stelae remained ( 1307 graduates of 82 triennial royal exams)
• 1442 -1779: eighty-one exams (the Le Dynasty) , one ( the Mac Dynasty)
• destroy places belonging to previous dynasties)
• Built in different dynasties: different view s of art
• Each stelae: + The King
+examinations: how many examiners, difficulty of exam
+how many students
+ Successful doctors: name, their families
*Now: students touch the head of turtles
Photographs for graduation
2 flag poles:
Lef: Festival flag
Right: national flag
34. Dragon on sculptures: one in four Holy Beasts
• linked with history: Thang Long - ascending dragon
• centre of the fourth courtyard : the "House of Ceremonies" ("Bai Duong"):
Front altar
Van the su bieu a model teacher for all generations
• Crain -turtle
Dry land, wet area
35. • Dai Thanh sanctuary“: Confucius and his four closest disciples are
worshipped.
• A small museum: ink wells, pens, books and personal artefacts belonging
to some of the students that studied at the temple.
37. ( 1076) King Ly Nhan Tong
• Thai hoc- the first national university
• 2 levels:
+ ground floor: a statue of Chu Van An (a rector of the academy) ,
exhibits of the temple and the academy with a display on Confucian
education in Vietnam.
+ upper floor: three monarchs who contributed most to the
foundation of the temple and the academy
Lý Thánh Tông: founded the temple in 1070
Lý Nhân Tông : founded the Imperial Academy
Lê Thánh Tông : ordered the erection of the turtle stone stelae of
doctor laureates in 1484
either side : square buildings- a drum and a bronze bell
38. Some questions to ponder over…
• Why Vietnamese people idolize Ho Chi Minh so much?
• 1 party – election ( politics)
• Vietnamese language
40. • Hoan Kiem Lake (meaning "Lake of the Returned Sword" or "Lake of the
Restored Sword", also known as Hồ Gươm - Sword Lake)
• The lake has had several names including Luc Thuy, Ta Vong, Huu Vong and
Thuy Quan
• in the historical center of Hanoi
• one of the major scenic spots in the city
• A popular site for the public
• The Sword Lake : a great example of combination of 3 religions Buddhism-
Taoism-Confucianism
41. • Legend: King Le Thai To was boating on the lake when the Golden Turtle
God surfaced and asked for the magic sword: Heaven’s Will. He concluded
that the sacred turtle came to reclaim the sword that its master, the
Dragon King had given to help him defeat the Chinese Ming dynasty
invaders. He renamed the lake to commemorate this event
• The Turtle Tower standing on a small island near the centre of lake is
linked to the legend.
42. • The first gate: (Confucianism)
+ two large red Chinese characters : Happiness on the right, Prosperity on
the left
+ Pen Tower : a ten-meter high stone structure
tip: a writing brush, standing on a “mountain” in the shape of a peach,
known as the Writing Pad (Dai Nghien).
on the tower : “Writing on the clear blue sky”
=> respect to education and literature
+ a small altar on the mountain where one can pray to receive permission to
enter the temple.
43. • The second gate:
surrounded by Taoist symbols.
+left: the tiger.
+right is the Vietnamese dragon
=> symbols of stability for a large construction, following the feng shui theory.
44. • The third gate: (Taoism)
a pool: an ink stone or inkpot. Nguyen Van Sieu placed this stone so that on
the 5th of May (lunar calendar) the shadow of the Pen Tower falls on the
ink stone.
Ink carried by 3 frogs/ toads – represent teachers
( con coc kien ong troi)
45. • The temple: reached by the red-painted wooden bridge - The Huc).
• The Huc Bridge : Morning Sunlight Bridge – where the sun light is
absorbed
• Built in 1865 by Nguyen Van Sieu
• Red : represent energy, happiness, luck
46. • The fourth gate:
Dac Nguyet Lau (or “Moon Light tower”)
+ two walls : Bang Rong and Bang Ho (dragon and tiger slate), where the
names of those who passed the national test were inscribed.
+ 2 sentences: Buddhism - Taoism
47. • Temple of the Jade Moutain (Ngoc Son Temple)
• The temple was erected in the 19th century. It honors :
+ the military leader Tran Hung Dao – defeated three major
Mongolian invasions in the 13th century
+ Van Xuong: a great scholar
+ Nguyen Van Sieu: a Confucian master and famous writer in
charge of repairs made to the temple in 1864.
49. • Located between the Lake of the Restored Sword, the Long Bien Bridge, a
former city rampart, and a citadel wall
• appeared when King Ly Thai To selected Thang Long as the country’s
capital in 1010=> the streets have a over 1,000-year old history.
• Names: “Old Quarter” or “36 Old Streets” (as consisting of 36 member
streets
• In the past, as artisans moved to the capital city to do business, they
gathered together in this area to share the resources. => many of the
streets were named after the crafts sold at that individual street
50. • the front room: stores
• the inside room: manufacturing, dining and living of each family.
51. • Hang Gai Street:silk
• Hang Quat: colored funeral and festival flags and religious objects and
clothing.
• Hang Ma: shiny paper products, such as gift wrappings, wedding
decorations, miniature paper objects to burn for the dead.
• Lan Ong Street : herbal medicinal products: leaves, roots, barks, and
powders
• To Tich: Mixed fruits
• Hang Luoc: Comb
• Hang Duong : candies and dry apricot
• Tam Thuong lane on Hang Bong Street: fried/roasted sour pork hash,
53. • Historically, one of the biggest, highest- security prisons in Indochina
• Western Style, adaptation to Vietnam’s climate
54. History
- Constructed by French colonists (1986) on the land of Phu Khanh village
- 19th century: Phu Khanh village: the only destination in the Thang long
citadel: earthen home appliances – kettles, teapots, portable stoves=> Phu
Khanh village known as Hoa Lo village- the village of portable stoves
- French colonist moved all villagers, old pagodas, communal houses in Phu
Khanh village to other places
55. Built a prison (1896)
1896: lost forever an ancient village
- confined, persecuted both the body and the mind of thousands of
revolutionary patriotic soldiers
- Severe punishment, led maltreated lives
- sense of purpose- turned the prison into a school => propagate the
revolutionary argument
- - many soldiers: escaped, returned to the organization, contributed
to the liberation of the motherland
- 10/1954 – the North: liberated- Hoa Lo prison – temporarily
managed, used by Vietnamese Government to keep law breakers
- 5/08/1964 – 29/03/1973:
- 1993: changed the main aim of the prison – the south-east side of
the prison => a revolutionary relic of Hanoi
56. • Walls: 4 meters high, 0.5 meter thick
• Walls made of permanent stones
• Buildings not made of cement but brick
• Windows material from France
Top of the wall put lots of broken glass, put electricity around - no one
could escape from
• 15 minutes go out of the cells every day
• Have a shower once a week , around the well
• Naked to have a shower whether it is in summer/ winter
57. • 11/1933: survivors of 2010 deportees to Son la were taken back to Hanoi
before being exiled to Con Dao
8 months: persecuted, locked up in the wild forest, areas with toxic waters
• Cay Dao To Hieu in Son La prison planted by a prisoner – still exists today
58. • Main room: keep prisoners – hard to open
• Original 500 prisoners
Real 2000
• This room : 25-30 prisoners
• Bound by ironwood
• Extreme conditions
• Share the toilet
• Make poems
• Scatter books from the front, from communists cultural learning, learn
politics, culture, languages- reinforce faith
• Special ink from jailors made from traditional medicine - red/ blue
• Appear when soaked with rice liquid
59. Cachot cells
• highest punishment lack of light- hygiene =. exhausted
• Place for people who broke the rules or fighted for hunger:
Hell of earth - dirty rooms get light from tiny holes
Couldn’t sleep- the bed : sloping – blood: flew up to head
Shackled with an outer lock
60. Almond trees
• Young leaves, ripen fruits: healthy food for prisoners
• Bark to cure cholera
• Small branches : pen holders/ chopsticks
• Hide materials in the root of trees – skillful
• Discuss measures on fighting against the enemy
61. Underground sewer
• Underground sewer in death cells yard
• 24/12/1951 (night): 16 Hoa Lo death-sentence political prisoners: escaped
• 5/ 15 succeeded, rejoined the resistance base
62. Underground sewer
• Underground sewer (in camp J yard)
• 11-16/03/1945: >100 Hoa Lo political prisoners escaped => reached
different locations , took part in general insurrection (08/1945), became
the Party, Government leaders
63. • Different types of torture
Torture: beat prisoners until they faint – pour water => awake
• International friends support Vietnam
From Soviet Union: Material, treasure
France: voice, political support
64. Women prisoners
• Even pregnant women – gave birth here
• Suffered hard conditions
• Hair fall- use hair to make brooms – clean floors
String to hang clothes
65. Kinds of torture
• Guillotine:
• Used by the French colonialist to behead revolutionary patriotic soldiers
imprisoned in Hoa Lo prison
in market, public place =>threaten
• Ha Thanh’s poinsoning case
Poison 200 French soldiers
3 of the leaders beheaded
66. • Put prisoners in tank => beat
• Gasoline
• Boxing gloves
• Jute bag => torture political prisoners
• Jailors : cruelest
• Portraits of political female prisoners confined in Hoa Lo Prison by
the French colonist
• Electric wire – electrical engine in head- heart
• Break bottles – beat women’s sex organs=> stop next generations
• Walking stick pull the neck
* Hope for the future, optimistic
• Embroidered pillow, make poems…
67. Death Row Cells
• Completely isolated from other cells of Hoa Lo Prison – prevent
death row inmates from communicating with the outside
• Gloomy + cold
• Prisoners: shackled all day long, not even freed to use toilet
• Cell door: opened just twice each day: meals, water
• Truong Chinh, Tran Dang Ninh
69. • Pictures + objects in two exhibition halls : details of US pilots’ lives when they were
temporarily imprisoned at Hoa Lo Prison
• 05/08/1964 – 15/01/1973: The US carried out sabotage warfare: air + naval forces
against the North of Vietnam
• Thousands of planes: shot down
• Hundreds of US pilots : arrested by the North army + people, some : imprisoned at
Hoa Lo Prison
• The Vietnamese government created the best living conditions they could for the
US pilots(despite difficulties in the national economy during the war)
• 26/10/1967 : Ha Noi army took John MacCain out of Truc Bach lake => humanity
• 03/1973: all the arrested US pilots: released
70. The second floor
• Memorial to Patriots and Revolutionary Fighters
• Empty – unknown patriots
72. • 1987-1995: construction
• 12/11/1997: open to public
• Exhibition building designed by the architect Ha Duc Linh – a
member of Tay ethnic group in the shape of Dong Son drum
• Interior architecture designed by the French architect
• Tribal art, artifacts, everyday objects gathered from across the
nation: > 15,000 artifacts, 42,000 photos
• Rank 4th of the 25 most attractive museums in Asia - 2014
• Indoor & outdoor section
• Aim: document, present, exhibit cultural heritage of 54 ethnic
groups
• Preserve cultural heritage, promote socio-cultural diversity, present
cultures, civilization of culture, countries from across South East
Asia
73. Events for the public on holiday, special occasions
• Traditional games
• Water puppet show
• Calligraphy
• …
76. • Multi-ethnic country
• 54 different ethnic groups
• Kinh - the largest ethnic group in Vietnam : 86%
• Tay - the largest minority in Vietnam 1.9%
• Undistributed : Kinh – deltas, near rivers
Minority people: Mountainous areas central highland
• All: water rice agriculture
77. Ethnicities: 54
• Thai people – Hoa people
• Hoa speak Vietnamese – adapt originally from Chinese The Hoa ( or
Chinese)
823,000 people, more than half living in Ho Chi Minh City, others living in
other citites, in rural areas
The Urban Hoa practice industrial trade + services
Inside the house: hang parallel inscriptions in lacquered wood, scrolls, red
paper banners inscribed with characters for Happiness, Longevity, Talent,
Wealth
78. • Viet group – King peple
Differences:
+language
+costumes, haircut , design lifestyles
+Clothing- the way they dress
+Typical features of their faces
In mountainous areas, faces are rounder than in thedelta, central highland
• Location of different languages:
Kho me (Cambodia)
Hmong – Dao (China)
Tang – Mien (Myanmar)
Han (China)
• Main language – Viet language among Vietnam
79. Ritual pole of the Co
• The ritual pole: centre of the thanksgiving festival.
• A pole for the ritual buffalo to be tied to
• A universal tree - connects the sprit world with human beings
• Originally about 13 meter high
• Divide into 3 parts:
• + Top: birds – friends of Co people – protect trees from ghosts
Ancestors of Co people
80. The Viet
• The Viet / King people: 86%
• Live throughout the country
• concentrated primarily in the deltas, midlands, coastal regions
• Village: basic residential unit, the place of economic, cultural life
Every village : communal house (dinh) honoring the village’s tutelary
spirit (thanh hoang);
a Buddhist pagoda
other temples worshipping legendary heroes in history, culture
81. Conical hat making in Chuong
• Well-known for conical hat
• Chuong market opens : 4th, 10th every lunar month under a large
banyan tree at the entrance of the village
• Raw materials for making conical hats: brought in mountainous
regions
• made from leaves
• Useful in rainy, hot weather, hold water to drink
• A special gift for tourists – traditional symbol, especially for
traditional women
82. Religion of the Four Worlds
• The four worlds: Sky, Earth, Water, Forests
• Popular in northern Vietnam
• The spiritual possession ceremony : The spirit possesses the body
the male/ female performers - practitioner
• The living can connect with the dead people
• Past- mostly men (make-up) women- dirty
Nowadays – both men and women
• Superstitious actions
Ritual ceremony aim=> connect with the dead – middle one
Ask for help, prosperity
83. Traditional games in the countryside
• Animal masks
• Lion’s head
• Tops
• Performance in middle autumn – fruits, toys
• Paper Doctor=> respect education
Put on the tray – achieve success
84. • Instruments:
Wood from trees
Snake skin
Drum made from cow’s skin, frog’s skin
1 – string instrument monocorde
85. • Serving dish – big flat chopsticks
• Knife made of animals
• Ritual specialists’ belongings
86. • The Muong
Funerals of the Muong : each member wears different colours
The hearth
Tools in the kitchen
Gong set
• Weaving: women weave beautiful clothes=> enough standard
• Hunting=> men
• Before getting married, the woman make her own dress (3 months)
87. Betel
• the custom of chewing betel dated back to the reign of the Hung
Kings.
• “Legend of Betel and Areca” about a wife’s faithfulness to her
husband and the love between two siblings => a symbol of love,
brotherhood, family, and happiness.
Betel and areca : Vietnamese folklore, folk verses, folk songs, and
folk festivals
an indispensable part of Vietnamese people’s daily life
used to start a conversation and help people become closer and
more open with each other
offerings in important traditional ceremonies, such as offering
rituals, engagements, weddings, funerals, and burials.
88. Works
• Dong Ho woodblock pictures
Printing blocks for colours
Paint bowls + brushes
The Children and the carp
Material from nature
• Lacquer work:
Most ancient lacquer objects: 4th century BC
The craft flourished : 17th - 19th
Lacquer: the resin obtained by cutting into the lacquer tree
Lacquer resin sets in many layers with different qualities, usages
It is then prepared for coloration and applied to objects
=> Protect objects from insects, for decoration
• Wood carving and engraving
A traditional handicraft particularly elaborated among the Viet
Use a variety of metal chisels and scrapers
89. • Ceramics
Potters use clay extracted from the delta regions
Pottery wares are especially for daily lives
There is also an assortment of religious , fine art objects
Put in stove, burn for
Put in sunlight – faint then paint
Glaze: men
2 ways: raw , polish
• Bronze work: practiced for thousands of years before our are
1st millennium: Dong Son culture was the cradler of the bronze art –
spread throughout Southeast Asia – the best-known bronze drums
Flourished in the Ly dynasty with the expansion of Buddhism
90. Altars to ancestors
• Each family: an altar for the ancestors located in the most beautiful,
solemn place in the central room of the house
• Top level” ancestral tablets
Lineage records
Portraits
Photos, statues of deceased grandparents, parents
• Middle level: offerings
The lowest level: lamps, incense bowls
• Death destroys only the physical body
The souls can connect with the the lives of the living
Each individual invokes his ancestors at the altar => demonstrate his
veneration, express his wishe
incense (odd number)
fruit tray, paper burned for them in another world
=> Strengthen family ties
91. • Water puppet: thread, sticks
During show- music
Story of Ha Noi city, countryside
Traditional story
Make puppets: wood
=> unique performance, symbolize daily activities
• measurement unit
92. Fish traps
• Bamboo
• Fish – put in muddy stream, leave it overnight, tomorrow – fish inside –
bring home
=>Hardships of workers
Artistic – a bunch of handicrafts of flowers
Way of living
95. Upper Level
• 2 Thai groups: white Thai and black Thai
• Difference:
+ the black Thai: a black blouse with a high collar and a black skirt
the white Thai: a white blouse with a heart-shaped collar and a black skirt”.
+ accents: The black Thai have a stronger accent
the white Thai speak faster and more melodiously.
+perceptions of numbers:
The white Thai prefer even numbers which they believe represent fullness
and prosperity.
The black Thai prefer odd numbers, which they believe symbolize growth and
reproduction
the worshipping rituals: The black Thai :nomadic people - frequently change
their farmland =>unstable life=> they worship and pray more.
The white Thai are engaged in wet rice cultivation with higher productivity =>
worship less, with less yin and yang displayed in their homes”.
98. 1.Cham House
2. Khmer Boat
3.Water puppet Pavilion
4.Viet House
5.Boats
6.Bahnar Communal House
7.Ede House
8.Giarai Tomb
9. Cotu Tomb
10. Nung Forage
11. Tay House
12.Yao House
13.Hmong House
14.Hani House
15.Pottery Workshop
99. • 10 Houses modeling after the traditional architecture of ethnic minorities
• Built by artisans from the villages where the houses are traditionally
designed, built
101. Hmong House
• Built in 1984
• In Mu cang chai district, Yen Bai Province
• By a family – all members of the Flower Hmong People
• After his father’s death in 1997, the eldest son inherited the house
• Museum bought
• Invited 7 of the local Flower Hmong villagers to reconstruct
• Took 6 days
• Made entirely of puma wood, a characteristic tree of the region’s forest
• Roof: 600 large shingles
• Some shingles can be moved to make light for women to weave inside the
house
• A forge + a stable built within the house compound
102. House Interior:
• Follow a patriarchal tradition
• Worship 3 generations of ancestors
• Most important rituals of their ancestor worship take place during Hmong New
Year – December
Place of worship marked with a paper – stuck on the back wall facing the door
At the base of the wall: a bamboo tube for incense sticks
• Column : separate room from the central hearth
Column – house spirit resides=> avoid hanging/ nailing clothes on the column
• New Year Festival: stick pieces of red, white paper on column, purify it with water/
alcohol
• In upstairs loft: corn, rice, household commodities: stored
Some families (Thao, Lu, Giang), daughter-in-laws can’t go upstairs (punished by house
spirit)
Central hearth=> daily meals ( kitchen spirit resides here – a taboo to spit in the
cooking fire/ hit the tripod)
104. Bahnar communal house
• 19 meters
• Built in 2003 by 42 villagers in Kontum town
• Symbol of skill, strength of the villagers (the power of men)
• Height:
• + Avoid dangerous animals
+wealth
+power of men – no communal house in the village – cannot get married
+ find directions at such a high position
+close to the ancestors
106. Giarai tomb
• The large wooden figures encircling the tomb
are intended to accompany the dead into the
afterlife
• Sexually explicit carvings
Carvings of pregnant women
Symbols of fertility
108. Ede longhouse
• Structure: modeled on a longhouse in Buon
Ma Thuot city
• Over 42 meters long
• The families of daughters and granddaughters
of an extended matrilineal family
• 2 ladders in front for men, guests ( touch
breasts => show respect)
• 1 ladder at the back: for family members
110. Viet House
• The house is from a family in Thanh Hoa Province
• Main hall: ancestor worship – linked to a space for teaching + learning
• The central hall, annex, the kitchen formed a U-shape surrounding a front
yard
• The carved wooden beams of the central hall: nearly one hundred years
old.