The document discusses use case modeling and diagrams. It defines a use case as a sequence of actions a system performs that yields an observable result for an actor. Use case diagrams depict the interactions between actors and the services (use cases) provided by the system. They help identify the classes needed for the system and provide a starting point for requirements, analysis, design, testing, and documentation. The example models the use cases for a bank that offers savings, checking, fixed deposit accounts and ATM services.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses the basic concepts of OOAD and how UML uses diagrams to model software systems. UML diagrams can be used in all phases of the software development life cycle, including requirements analysis, design, implementation, and testing. The document also gives an overview of the different parts of UML, such as views, diagrams, relationships, and model elements.
The document discusses use case modeling and diagrams. It defines a use case as a sequence of actions a system performs that yields an observable result for an actor. Use case diagrams depict the interactions between actors and the services (use cases) provided by the system. They help identify the classes needed for the system and provide a starting point for requirements, analysis, design, testing, and documentation. The example models the use cases for a bank that offers savings, checking, fixed deposit accounts and ATM services.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses the basic concepts of OOAD and how UML uses diagrams to model software systems. UML diagrams can be used in all phases of the software development life cycle, including requirements analysis, design, implementation, and testing. The document also gives an overview of the different parts of UML, such as views, diagrams, relationships, and model elements.
This document discusses various techniques for code optimization at the compiler level. It begins by defining code optimization and explaining that it aims to make a program more efficient by reducing resources like time and memory usage. Several common optimization techniques are then described, including common subexpression elimination, dead code elimination, and loop optimization. Common subexpression elimination removes redundant computations. Dead code elimination removes code that does not affect program output. Loop optimization techniques like removing loop invariants and induction variables can improve loop performance. The document provides examples to illustrate how each technique works.
The document discusses UML metamodels and meta-modeling. It explains that a metamodel defines the structure of models using class diagrams and that models conform to their metamodels. It provides examples of the UML metamodel and how it defines the structure that all UML models must follow. It also discusses the MOF meta-metamodel and how it defines the language for defining metamodels.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard language for visualizing and documenting software systems. It provides elements like classes, relations, and diagrams to model both the static structure and dynamic behavior of a system. Static design with UML includes class diagrams, which show classes and their relationships, and object diagrams, which show objects at a point in time. Dynamic design uses sequence diagrams to show object interactions over time and collaboration diagrams to show message flows. UML aids both detailed design discussions and lighter design processes as a documentation tool.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). It discusses why the OO approach was developed, including to address issues with communication and managing complexity. It then defines key OO concepts like objects, classes, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and the use of UML. It also briefly outlines the object modeling technique (OMT) methodology and some popular OO development processes.
This document provides guidelines for the management of severe sepsis and septic shock updated from 2008. A consensus committee of 68 international experts from 30 organizations used the GRADE system to make recommendations based on the quality of evidence. Key recommendations include early quantitative resuscitation, blood cultures before antibiotics, prompt broad-spectrum antibiotics, infection source control, initial fluid resuscitation with crystalloids, vasopressor use, glucose control, sedation protocols, venous thromboprophylaxis, stress ulcer prophylaxis, and addressing goals of care. Specific pediatric recommendations address respiratory support, fluid resuscitation, and inotrope/vasodilator use.
The document provides an overview of Unified Modeling Language (UML) including its history, basic building blocks, and types of diagrams. It describes that UML was created in the 1990s to standardize modeling languages and combines concepts from object-oriented analysis and design. The basic building blocks of UML are things (model elements), relationships, and diagrams used to visualize models. There are several types of diagrams for structural and behavioral modeling.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and domain modeling. It discusses the key steps in OOAD, including domain modeling to understand the problem domain, and creating use case and class diagrams. It then uses an example of modeling an online bookstore to illustrate domain modeling. The document describes modeling the bookstore's requirements, classes, relationships, and key use cases. It provides explanations of UML notation for class and use case diagrams.
This document discusses various techniques for code optimization at the compiler level. It begins by defining code optimization and explaining that it aims to make a program more efficient by reducing resources like time and memory usage. Several common optimization techniques are then described, including common subexpression elimination, dead code elimination, and loop optimization. Common subexpression elimination removes redundant computations. Dead code elimination removes code that does not affect program output. Loop optimization techniques like removing loop invariants and induction variables can improve loop performance. The document provides examples to illustrate how each technique works.
This document discusses various techniques for code optimization at the compiler level. It begins by defining code optimization and explaining that it aims to make a program more efficient by reducing resources like time and memory usage. Several common optimization techniques are then described, including common subexpression elimination, dead code elimination, and loop optimization. Common subexpression elimination removes redundant computations. Dead code elimination removes code that does not affect program output. Loop optimization techniques like removing loop invariants and induction variables can improve loop performance. The document provides examples to illustrate how each technique works.
The document discusses UML metamodels and meta-modeling. It explains that a metamodel defines the structure of models using class diagrams and that models conform to their metamodels. It provides examples of the UML metamodel and how it defines the structure that all UML models must follow. It also discusses the MOF meta-metamodel and how it defines the language for defining metamodels.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard language for visualizing and documenting software systems. It provides elements like classes, relations, and diagrams to model both the static structure and dynamic behavior of a system. Static design with UML includes class diagrams, which show classes and their relationships, and object diagrams, which show objects at a point in time. Dynamic design uses sequence diagrams to show object interactions over time and collaboration diagrams to show message flows. UML aids both detailed design discussions and lighter design processes as a documentation tool.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). It discusses why the OO approach was developed, including to address issues with communication and managing complexity. It then defines key OO concepts like objects, classes, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and the use of UML. It also briefly outlines the object modeling technique (OMT) methodology and some popular OO development processes.
This document provides guidelines for the management of severe sepsis and septic shock updated from 2008. A consensus committee of 68 international experts from 30 organizations used the GRADE system to make recommendations based on the quality of evidence. Key recommendations include early quantitative resuscitation, blood cultures before antibiotics, prompt broad-spectrum antibiotics, infection source control, initial fluid resuscitation with crystalloids, vasopressor use, glucose control, sedation protocols, venous thromboprophylaxis, stress ulcer prophylaxis, and addressing goals of care. Specific pediatric recommendations address respiratory support, fluid resuscitation, and inotrope/vasodilator use.
The document provides an overview of Unified Modeling Language (UML) including its history, basic building blocks, and types of diagrams. It describes that UML was created in the 1990s to standardize modeling languages and combines concepts from object-oriented analysis and design. The basic building blocks of UML are things (model elements), relationships, and diagrams used to visualize models. There are several types of diagrams for structural and behavioral modeling.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and domain modeling. It discusses the key steps in OOAD, including domain modeling to understand the problem domain, and creating use case and class diagrams. It then uses an example of modeling an online bookstore to illustrate domain modeling. The document describes modeling the bookstore's requirements, classes, relationships, and key use cases. It provides explanations of UML notation for class and use case diagrams.
This document discusses various techniques for code optimization at the compiler level. It begins by defining code optimization and explaining that it aims to make a program more efficient by reducing resources like time and memory usage. Several common optimization techniques are then described, including common subexpression elimination, dead code elimination, and loop optimization. Common subexpression elimination removes redundant computations. Dead code elimination removes code that does not affect program output. Loop optimization techniques like removing loop invariants and induction variables can improve loop performance. The document provides examples to illustrate how each technique works.