Relational Database Model is a database model based on tables and for management purposes.

1. Relational Database Model
It’s benefits & limitations
By Jatin Chhabra

2. Relational Database Model
• Relational Database Model is a based on tables and for management
purposes. This model was invented by Edgar F. Codd in 1969. Edgar
at that time was working at IBM. In the relational model of a
database, all data is represented in terms of “tuples” & grouped into
“relations”. A database organized in terms of the relational model is
a relational database.

3. Table 1.1
S.no Hotel City State Rooms Front desk Restaurant Travel Desk Parking Room rate
1 ABC A AA 12 Yes Yes Yes No 1000
2 XYZ S DD 23 Yes Yes Yes Yes 2000
3 AAA D SS 34 Yes Yes Yes Yes 1200
4 CCC F FF 43 Yes Yes Yes Yes 2300
5 BBB G GG 12 Yes No Yes Yes 3000
6 DDD H HH 32 Yes No No Yes 1000
7 FFF J JJ 45 No No No Yes 700
• From S.no to Room rates is Attributes
• From 1 to 7 is Tuple

4. Benefits of Relation base model
Relational Database Model is widely used around the world, as its:
1. Easy to use: In Relational model data is easily presented & visible. So
revision becomes quite easy as the information is stored in simple
tables & rows. Such data id find attractive for the first time user.
2. Flexibility: An operator or a user can easily link & extract the data &
can easily get the desired information easily.
3. Precision: The usage of relational algebra and calculus in the
manipulation of the relations between the tables ensures that there is

5. no ambiguity (doubtfulness or uncertainty), which may
otherwise come while establishing the links in a complicated
network type database.
4. Security: Security control & authorization can be implemented on
various tables, which gives a sense of control to the creator of the
table. If someone requires the protective data then she/he needs to
have the permission from the creator.
5. Data Independence: Data independence is achieved easily with
normalization structure, used in a relational database than in the more
complicated tree or network structure.

6. 6. Data Manipulation Language: The possibility of responding to query
by means of a language based on relational algebra and relational
calculus e.g SQL is easy in the relational database approach. For data
organized in other structure the query language either becomes
complex or extremely limited in its capabilities.

7. Limitations of relational database model
1. Performance: A major constraint in the use of relational database
system is machine performance. If there is an enormous data in the
tables then the performance gets affected in responding to the sql
queries.
2. Physical Storage Consumption: With an interactive system, for
example an operation like join would depend upon the physical storage
also. It is, therefore common in relational databases to tune the
databases and in such a case the physical data layout would be chosen
so as to give good performance in the most frequently run

8. operations. It therefore would naturally result in the fact that the
lays frequently run operations would tend to become even more
shared.
3. Slow extraction of meaning from data: If the data is naturally
organized in a hierarchical manner and stored as such, the hierarchical
approach may give quick meaning for that data.

9. Note : The current slide is free sample created by Jatin Chhabra. Selling the
same will be viewed as a offence.

10. Note : The current slide is free sample created by Jatin Chhabra. Selling the
same will be viewed as a offence.