The document provides a comprehensive guide on regression testing, emphasizing its role in ensuring software stability and quality amidst frequent updates in development. It outlines the importance of conducting regression tests to identify defects, mitigate risks, and maintain application functionalities after code changes or new integrations. The guide also discusses strategies for executing regression testing effectively, highlighting the differences between regression testing and retesting, as well as the challenges associated with managing regression tests in agile environments.

1. Regression testing - A
Detailed Guide for 2024
In the fast-paced landscape of rapid software development, where upgrades
and modifications are frequent, it is crucial to ensure the stability and quality
of software products. Regression testing plays a vital role here.
Regression testing is a fundamental testing process that consists of repeated
testing of the existing features of any tool, application, or system as it
receives new upgrades. Testers conduct regression tests to ensure that an
application's live and new functionalities remain working and undamaged.
Under this testing approach, the quality analyst checks existing features'
functional and non-functional aspects to ensure no new bugs or errors in the
application.

2. Running regression tests is more than just re-running previous test cases; it
ensures that new functionality is compatible with the existing ones without
breaking the system now or in the future.
What is regression testing? Why
do we need it?
Regression testing is a type of software testing conducted to confirm that a
recent change or upgrade in the application has not adversely affected the
existing functionalities. A tester initiates a regression test soon after the
developer incorporates a new functionality into the application or finishes
fixing a current error. Often, when one code module is changed or upgraded,
another module is likely to be affected due to dependencies existing between
these two.
Why is regression testing crucial?
A regression testing approach is required to evaluate the overall working of
the application after it has undergone a change for various reasons, including:
- Identifying regression defects: Regression tests help detect any unintended
defects or issues that may have been introduced during software
development or modifications. These tests help examine the functionality of
the upgrade. Regression tests ensure that the change does not interfere with
the existing features of the software and identifies any errors or bugs in the
application's existing functionalities. It also helps determine bugs in the newly
pushed code.

3. - Ensuring stability: This form of testing verifies that the existing functionality
of the software remains intact after changes are made. It helps detect any
unexpected behavior or issues that could impact user experience, ensuring
the stability of the software.
- Mitigating risks: Through comprehensive regression testing, potential risks
associated with changes can be identified and mitigated. It helps prevent
unexpected issues, system failures, or performance degradation that could
impact business operations or user satisfaction.
Example of regression tests
Let's consider a web-based e-commerce application. Suppose the
development team adds a new feature that allows users to apply discount
codes during checkout. To perform regression testing, the following steps
could be taken:

4. ● Comparison and analysis: The regression test results are compared
against the baseline test results to identify any deviations or
discrepancies. Any failures or unexpected behavior are thoroughly
investigated and reported as defects to the development team for
resolution.
● Regression test selection: Test cases related to the impacted areas,
such as the checkout process and order calculation, are selected for
these tests. These test cases focus on validating that the existing
functionality remains intact after the code changes.
● Baseline testing: Initially, a set of test cases is executed on the
existing version of the application to establish a baseline of expected
behavior. This includes testing various functionalities like product
browsing, adding products to the cart, and completing the purchase
without applying any discount codes.
● Code changes: The development team adds a new feature to the
application that introduces the ability to apply discount codes during
checkout.
● Test execution: The selected regression test cases are executed on
the modified application to ensure that the new feature works as
expected without causing any issues in previously functioning areas.
● Re-test and confirmation: Once the identified issues are fixed, the
impacted test cases are re-executed to confirm that the fixes are
effective and that the previously working functionality has been
restored.

5. When to use regression testing
Regression testing is crucial at various stages of the SDLC to ensure the
stability and functionality of the application. Here are key scenarios when you
should perform regression testing:
1. After Code Changes
When developers add new code or modify existing code, regression testing is
essential to verify that these changes haven't adversely affected the
application's existing functionality. This includes bug fixes, feature
enhancements, or code refactoring.
2. After Integration
When integrating new modules or components into the application, regression
testing ensures that the integration does not introduce new bugs or issues. It
helps verify that the integrated components work seamlessly with the existing
system.
3. During Major Releases
Before rolling out major releases or updates, testers must conduct extensive
regression testing to ensure the new version does not disrupt existing
features and functionalities. This is particularly important for applications with
a large user base or critical functionalities.
4. Post Maintenance Activities

6. After performing routine maintenance activities, such as updating libraries,
frameworks, or other dependencies, regression testing helps ensure that
these updates do not negatively impact the application.
5. After Performance Enhancements
When performance optimizations are made to the application, regression
testing verifies that these improvements do not compromise the correctness
and reliability of the application. This includes testing for any unintended side
effects that might degrade user experience.
6. Before and After Deployments
Regression testing ensures that deploying new changes will not introduce new
issues. Post-deployment regression testing helps identify any problems in the
live environment, ensuring quick resolution and minimal impact on users.
7. During Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)
In a CI/CD pipeline, regression testing is an integral part of the process.
Automated regression tests run after every code commit to detect issues
early in the development cycle, ensuring a stable and reliable application at all
times.
By strategically incorporating regression testing in these scenarios, teams can
maintain the quality and reliability of their applications, providing a seamless
and bug-free experience for users.

7. Strategies to perform regression
tests - what to test, how often, and
more
Regression testing strategy depends on several key factors, like how often
developers upgrade the application, how significant the new change is, and
what existing sections it could affect.
Here are some tried and tested proven strategies that you could follow during
regression testing:
● The regression testing approach must cover all the possible test
cases and impacted functionalities.
● When introducing automation testing, outline the test cases and
scenarios to know which should be automated and manually tested.
● Focus on the testing process, technology, and roles when automating
regression testing.
● Measure or change the scale of the upgrade to determine how likely it
would affect the application.
● Perform risk analysis based on the size of your business/project and
its complexity, along with its importance.
How does one manage regression risks and ensure they
don't impact the product release schedule?

8. The risks associated with regression testing of a software can significantly
impact the product release schedule. The following are some tips for
managing regression risks:
● Proactively identify and assess regression risks before starting the
testing process. You can then focus all your efforts on the most
critical areas.
● Use a structured approach for managing regression risks, such as a
risk registry or risk management plan; this will help ensure that all
threats are captured and tracked.
● Use risk mitigation strategies to reduce the impact of identified risks.
For example, if a particular threat could result in data loss, you could
create backups to mitigate the risk.
● Communicate any potential impacts of regression risks to
stakeholders to make informed decisions about the release schedule.
While regression tests are an essential part of the software development
process, they can also be time-consuming and costly. Automating regression
tests can help reduce the cost and time consumed for testing while providing
high coverage. When deciding whether to automate regression testing,
consider the following:
● The type of application under test: Automated regression testing
may not be feasible for all applications. For example, if the
application has a complex user interface, it may be challenging to
automate UI-based tests.

9. ● The frequency of changes: If the application is subject to frequent
changes, automated regression tests can help save time in the long
run.
● The resources available: Automated regression testing requires a
significant upfront investment in time and resources. If the project
budget is limited, automating all regression tests may not be
possible.
● The coverage desired: Automated regression tests can provide high
coverage if well-designed. However, manual testing may be
necessary to supplement automated tests and achieve 100%
coverage.
How do you perform regression
tests on your applications or
software products?
In general, there are three steps for performing these tests:
● Prepare for manual and automated tests: This involves getting the
required tools and resources ready, such as test data, test cases, test
scripts, and more.
● Identify which changes or upgrades on existing modules of the
application will impact its functionalities: You need to specifically
identify which areas of the application will be affected by the changes
or upgrades to focus your testing efforts on those areas.

10. ● Use manual and automated tests accordingly: Once you have
identified the impacted functionalities, you can use both manual and
automation tests to validate that the changes or upgrades have not
adversely affected those functionalities.
Some of the most common regressions that need testing include
functionalities such as login, search, and checkout. To detect these
regressions, you can use different methods such as checking the application's
output against expected results, performing functional tests, and using
automated tools such as HeadSpin.
Difference between automated
regression testing and functional
testing
Functional testing and regression testing are two distinct but complementary
approaches to software quality assurance. While functional testing focuses
on verifying the correctness of individual features, regression testing is
concerned with preserving existing functionality after making changes to the
code. Both approaches are essential for ensuring that software meets
customer expectations and can be deployed safely to production
environments.
A crucial part of any continuous integration or delivery pipeline, automated
regression testing helps ensure that new code changes do not break existing
functionality. By running a suite of automated tests against every build,

11. developers can quickly identify and fix any regressions before reaching
production.
While enterprises focus on different aspects of regression testing, it is
essential for them to consider the growing agile landscape and how this
landscape can impact the testing practices. Quicker ROI and time-to-market,
constant app upgrades, and better use of user feedback have all been major
benefits ushered by agile, but it is often a challenge to balance agile sprints
with iterative practices like regression testing. The following section offers a
clearer view of regression testing in the agile scenario.
The Importance of Regression
Testing

12. In the dynamic world of software development, regression testing stands as a
cornerstone of quality assurance, ensuring that once operational software
continues to perform well after it has been altered or interfaced with new
software. Below, we explore why regression testing is indispensable:
Ensuring Software Stability
Regression testing is vital for verifying that the existing functionalities of an
application continue to operate as expected after any modifications. This
could include code changes, updates, or enhancements. The goal is to ensure
that the new changes do not introduce any unintended disruptions to the
functioning of the software.
Detecting Bugs Early
One of the key benefits of regression testing is its ability to identify defects
early in the development cycle. This saves time and significantly reduces the
cost associated with fixing bugs later in the development process. By catching
regressions early, teams can avoid the complexities of digging into deeper
layers of code to resolve issues that could have been avoided.
Facilitating Continuous Improvement
As software evolves, regression testing ensures that each new release
maintains or improves the quality of the user experience. It supports
continuous improvement by enabling teams to continuously assess changes'
impact, ensuring the software remains robust and reliable.

13. Supporting Integration
In today's tech environment, applications rarely operate in isolation. They
often interact with other systems and software. Regression testing verifies
that updates or new features work harmoniously within the existing system
and with external interfaces without causing disruptions.
Aiding Scalability
As applications grow and more features are added, regression testing
becomes crucial to ensure enhancements do not compromise the system's
scalability. It helps confirm that the system can handle increased loads and
scale without issues.
The Difference Between
Regression Testing and Retesting
The terms "regression testing" and "retesting" are often heard in software
testing, but they refer to very different processes. Understanding these
differences is crucial for effective test planning and execution.
Retesting, also known as confirmation testing, is the process of testing
specific defects that have been recently fixed. This type of testing is focused
and narrow in scope. It is conducted to ensure that the specific issue fixed in a
software application no longer exists in the patched version. Retesting is
carried out based on defect fixes and is usually planned in the test cases. The
main goal is to verify the effectiveness of the specific fix and confirm that the
exact issue has been resolved.

14. On the other hand, regression testing is a broader concept. After retesting or
any software change, it is performed to confirm that recent program or code
changes have not adversely affected existing functionalities. Regression
testing is comprehensive; it involves testing the entire application or
significant parts to ensure that modifications have not broken or degraded any
existing functionality. This type of testing is crucial whenever there are
continuous changes and enhancements in an application to maintain system
integrity over time.
Key Differences:
● Purpose: Retesting is done to check whether a specific bug fix works
as intended, while regression testing ensures that the recent changes
have not created new problems in unchanged areas of the software.
● Scope: Retesting has a narrow scope focused only on the particular
areas where the fixes were applied, whereas regression testing has a
wide scope that covers potentially affected areas of the application
beyond the specific fixes.
● Basis: Retesting is based on defect fixes, typically done after
receiving a defect fix from a developer. Regression testing is based
on the areas that might be affected by recent changes,
encompassing a larger part of the application.
● Execution: Retesting is carried out before regression testing and only
on the new builds where defects were fixed, while regression testing
can be done multiple times throughout the software lifecycle to verify
the application's performance and functionality continually.

15. Understanding the distinct roles and applications of retesting and regression
testing allows quality assurance teams to allocate their resources better and
plan their testing phases, ultimately leading to more robust and reliable
software delivery.
Challenges in Regression Testing
Regression testing, an essential part of maintaining and enhancing software
quality, faces numerous challenges that complicate development.
Understanding these challenges can help teams prepare better strategies and
tools to manage them effectively.
Time Constraints
As software projects evolve, the number of test cases needed to cover all
features and functionalities grows. Running these comprehensive test suites
can become time-consuming, especially in continuous integration
environments requiring quick turnarounds. Balancing thorough testing with
the demand for rapid development cycles remains a critical challenge.
Resource Allocation
Regression testing often requires significant computational resources to
execute many test cases. In addition, human resources are needed to analyze
test results, update test cases, and manage the testing process. Efficiently
allocating these resources without overspending or overworking team
members is a key issue many organizations face.

16. Test Maintenance
As software is updated or expanded, regression test cases must be reviewed
and updated to cover new features and changes. This ongoing maintenance
can be burdensome as it requires constant attention to ensure that tests
remain relevant and effective. Neglecting test maintenance can lead to
outdated tests that no longer reflect software health accurately.
Prioritization of Test Cases
Test cases vary in importance, and frequently running less critical tests can
waste valuable time and resources. Determining which test cases are crucial
and should be run in every regression cycle versus those that can be run less
frequently is a challenge. To solve it, you need a deep understanding of the
app and its most critical components.
Flaky Tests
Flaky tests, or tests that exhibit inconsistent results, pose a significant
challenge in regression testing. They can lead to teams ignoring important
test failures or wasting time investigating false positives. Managing,
identifying, and fixing flaky tests require a structured approach and can be
resource-intensive.
Keeping Up with Technological Changes
Regression testing strategies and tools must evolve as new technologies and
development practices are adopted. Staying current with these changes

17. without disrupting existing workflows is an ongoing challenge for testing
teams.
Creating an Effective Regression
Test Plan
A regression test plan is a pivotal document that outlines the strategy,
objectives, and scope of the regression testing process. It comprises various
essential components to ensure an efficient and effective testing procedure.
Key Goals for the Regression Test Plan
● Comprehensive Testing: Encompass all software aspects within the
testing framework.
● Automation of Tests: Automate tests to enhance efficiency and
reliability.
● Test Maintenance: Plan for test maintenance to ensure tests remain
up-to-date.
Assumptions and Dependencies
● Stable Application Version: Assume the application version is stable
with no major architectural overhauls.
● Real-world Simulation: Assume the test environment accurately
replicates a real-world setup.
● Availability of Test Cases and Data: Assume the availability and
accuracy of test cases and test data.

18. Ensure all these assumptions and dependencies are documented for effective
collaboration among teams.
Essential Components of the Regression Test Plan
1. Test Cases: Define comprehensive test cases based on scenarios and
requirements, covering all system functionalities.
2. Test Environment: Identify necessary hardware and software
configurations, including the app version, OS, and database.
3. Test Data: Develop consistent and diverse test data for various testing
scenarios.
4. Test Execution: Define the test execution schedule, resources required,
and regression test timeline.
5. Defect Management: Establish a process for reporting, tracking, and
managing defects, incorporating severity and priority levels.
6. Risk Analysis: Identify risks associated with regression testing and
devise a mitigation plan to manage them.
7. Test Sign-off: Define criteria for successful test sign-off, including
required metrics and results.
8. Documentation: Prepare comprehensive documentation covering test
cases, test data, results, and defect reports.
The regression test plan ensures a robust testing infrastructure and facilitates
efficient testing processes by encompassing these key elements.
Regression testing in Agile

19. In the agile context, testing is required to develop with every sprint, and testers
need to ensure that the new changes don’t impact the existing functionality of
the application. There are numerous and frequent build cycles in agile
contexts, along with continuous changes being added to the app, which
makes regression testing more critical in the agile landscape. To achieve
success in an agile landscape, the testing team must build the regression
suite from the onset of the product development and continue developing
these alongside development sprints.
The key reason for considering regression tests
showcase in agile development
In any agile framework, very often, the team focuses on functionality that is
planned for the sprint. But when the team pertains to a particular product
space, they aren’t expected to consider the risks their changes might lead to in
the entire system. This is where regression testing showcases the areas that
have been affected by the recent alterations across the codebase. Regression
testing in agile seamlessly helps ensure the continuity of business functions
with any rapid changes in the software and enables the team to focus on
developing new features in the sprint along with overall functionality.
Creating test plans for regression testing in Agile
There are multiple ways that regression tests have been embraced into agile,
which primarily depend on the type of product and the kind of testing it
requires. The two common ways of constructing test plans for regression
testing in Agile are:

20. 1. Sprint-level regression testing - This type of test emphasizes on
executing the test cases that have emerged only after the last release.
2. End-to-end regression testing - This type of test focuses on covering
tests on all core functionalities present in the product.
Based on the level of development and product stability, a suitable approach
for test plan creation can be deployed.
How can you perform regression testing in an agile
scenario?
Agile teams move very fast, and regression suites can thereby become very
complex if not executed with the right strategy. In large projects, it is wiser for
teams to prioritize regression tests. However, in many cases, teams are
compelled to prioritize based on ‘tribal knowledge’ of the product areas, which
are more prone to error and are anecdotal evidence from production faults
and ineffective metrics like defect density.
To perform regression tests in agile, it is essential for teams to consider
certain critical aspects like:
1. Making it a practice to differentiate sprint-level regression tests from
regular regression test cycles.
2. Focusing on choosing advanced automated testing tools that help
generate detailed reports and visualizations like graphs on test
execution cycles. These reports, in most scenarios, assist in evaluating
the total ROI.

21. 3. Updating regression test scripts on a regular basis to accommodate
the frequent changes.
4. Leveraging the continuous changes to the requirements and features
driven by agile systems along with changes in test codes for the
regression tests.
Categorizing the test cases on the basis of high, medium, and low priorities.
End-to-end testing flows effectively at the high-priority test suite, the field level
validations at a moderate level, and the UI and content-related tests at a low
level. Categorization of test cases enables new testers to quickly grasp the
testing approach and offer robust support in accelerating the test execution
process. Prioritizing test cases also allows teams to make the process
simpler and easier to execute, thereby streamlining the testing process and
outcomes.
Creating regression tests strategy for agile teams
Repeated tests for continually expanding and altering codebases are often
time-consuming and prone to errors. As agile development primarily focuses
on speed, the sprint cycles are short, and developers often eliminate specific
features in each. To avoid any emerging issues, regression testing needs to be
effectively strategized and aligned with agile principles and processes.
Following are some of the techniques for testing regressions seamlessly in
the agile process:
● Embracing automation - In order to speed up regression tests for
Agile sprints, automation is almost non-negotiable. Teams must

22. begin with automated regression test scripts and then proceed with
making alterations with every new feature. Automated regression
tests are best suited after the product has been developed to a
significant extent. Also, these regression tests should be coupled with
certain manual verifications to identify false positives or negatives.
● Focusing on severely vulnerable areas of the software - As
developers are well aware of their software, they should narrow down
the specific areas/features/functionalities/elements of the product
that have high probabilities of getting impacted by the changes in
every sprint. Also, user-facing functionalities and integral backend
issues should be verified with regular regression tests. A collaborative
approach for testing app regressions can be fruitful in helping
developers combine the benefits of both testing approaches.
● Incorporating automation only in specific limits - However much the
test infrastructure is modernized, aiming for complete or 100%
automation is not a viable option. Certain tasks like writing test
scripts and verifying results by human testers need to be executed for
improved testing outcomes. Deploying the right percentage of
automation will result in a lesser number of false positives/negatives,
which is suitable for identifying regressions in agile. However, with
the rising focus on assuring high product quality, implementing the
right techniques and proportion of automation in regression testing in
an agile environment has enabled teams to guarantee a more stable
and reliable product at the end of every sprint each time.

23. Different methods of setting up a
regression testing framework
When the testing team opts for automated regression testing, they
simultaneously must define the test automation framework for the purpose.
By defining the test automation framework, testers can give a definite
structure to the test cases when they are automated. Here is how a defined
architecture plays a vital role in automated testing:
● A designated QA professional, along with their preferred choice of
automation testing tool
● A suitable and relevant structure includes test cases and test suites.
● A basic testing script to run the regression tests, which is also
scalable and accommodating to the new test cases
● Before developing a test automation framework, QA professionals
complete integration tasks to ensure that they can focus solely on
running the script for regression testing.
Best practices for regression
testing - tips on improving your
process
● Make detailed test case scenarios for regressing the testing
approach.

24. ● Keep the test case file updated with new scenarios and perform
regression tests based on that file.
● Create a standard procedure for regressing testing regularly.
● Identify the functionalities or application areas at high risk due to
recent upgrades or changes.
● Link these tests with functional as well as non-functional testing.
● Run regression tests after every successful compiling of the new
code.
● Design the regression tests approach based on the risk factors
surrounding the business model for the application.
● Perform desired regression tests action and compare it with the
expected/previous response for correctness.
● Integrate automated regression testing into your continuous
integration or delivery pipeline; this will help ensure that new code
changes do not break existing functionality and that any regressions
are quickly identified and fixed.
● Establish a process for the regression tests and ensure that everyone
involved in the project is aware of it; this will help ensure that you and
your team take the necessary steps to test all changes adequately.
● Identify the changes or upgrades done on existing modules of the
application that will impact its functionalities; this will help you focus
your testing efforts during regression testing on those areas.
● Use manual and automated tests to validate that the changes or
upgrades have not adversely affected functionalities; this will help

25. you catch any regressions that the changes or upgrades may have
introduced.
Types of tests that you can use in
a regression framework
There are several types of tests you can conduct using a regression testing
framework:
● Re-run previous test cases and compare the results with the earlier
outputs to check the application's integrity after code modification
● Conduct regression testing of a software by running only a part of the
test suite, which might be affected due to the code change
● Take an approach for testing regressions where you execute test
cases priority-wise; you run higher priority cases before lower priority
test cases (You can prioritize test cases based on checking the
upgraded/subsequent version of the application or the current
version.)
● The above two techniques can be combined for hybrid test selection,
assessing regressions for a part of the test suite based on its priority.
Common mistakes when running
regressions tests

26. Developers can make common mistakes that they can prevent with extra care.
Here are a few errors that you can avoid making:
● Avoiding conducting regression testing after code release/change or
bug fix is a mistake.
● Not defining a framework for testing regressions or not sticking to
one will execute arbitrary test cases and suites on any automation
tool that would cost time, money, and bug identification.
● Not defining a goal and making it invisible to everyone involved in the
project.
● Re-running the same test cases is time-consuming and costly; yet,
regression tests is necessary to ensure the application does not
break when upgrading it to a newer version.
● Not opting for automation testing over the manual approach.
These are the most common mistakes any professional can make while
conducting regression testing. To avoid these, HeadSpin offers an intelligent
regression testing approach that includes an automated solution to all your
regression issues.
Tools to perform your software
regression testing
These are some of the most famous regression testing tools available today.
Each has its strengths and weaknesses, so choosing the right tool for your
specific needs is essential.

27. ● HeadSpin Regression Platform is a regression testing tool that uses
intelligent test automation to test web and mobile applications.
HeadSpin designed the platform to help developers quickly identify
and fix any regressions before reaching production. HeadSpin
Regression Platform integrates with various development tools and
supports many browsers and operating systems, making it a versatile
option for regression testing.
● Selenium WebDriver is a popular open-source tool for web
application regression testing. Testers can use it to automate tests
against both web and mobile applications. It supports various
browsers and operating systems, making it a versatile option for
regression tests.
● JUnit is a popular open-source unit testing framework for Java
development. Testers can also use it for regression testing by
creating test cases that exercise the functionality of an application.
JUnit is easy to use and integrates various development tools,
making it a good option for regression tests.
● TestNG is another popular open-source testing framework, similar to
JUnit. It also supports regression testing and has good integration
with various development tools.
● Cucumber is a popular tool for behavior-driven development (BDD).
Testers can use it for regression testing by creating test scenarios
that exercise the functionality of an application. Cucumber's readable
syntax makes it easy to build regression tests that both developers
and non-technical stakeholders understand.

28. ● Appium is a tool for mobile application regression testing. Testers
can use it to automate tests against native, web, and hybrid mobile
applications. Appium supports a wide variety of mobile platforms,
making it a versatile tool for regression testing.
● Watir is a tool for regression testing of web applications. Testers can
use it to automate tests against web applications using the Ruby
programming language. Watir integrates with various development
tools, making it a good option for regression testing.
● Sahi Pro is a regression testing tool for web applications. Testers can
use it to automate tests against web applications using the Sahi
script language. Sahi Pro integrates with various development tools
and supports a wide range of browsers and operating systems,
making it a good option for this testing approach.
HeadSpin's data science driven approach toward delivering aggregation and
regression testing insights helps professionals monitor, analyze, and
determine the changes in the application. HeadSpin offers build-over-build
regression and location-to-location comparison with its AI-powered regression
intelligence across new app builds, OS releases, feature additions, locations,
and more.
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