The document discusses opportunities for the G20 summit in Saudi Arabia in 2020 under the theme of "Realizing Opportunities of the 21st Century for All". It outlines three main priorities for the G20 Presidency agenda: protecting the planet, empowering people, and shaping new frontiers through innovation. It also describes the Y20 youth summit that will take place in Saudi Arabia to develop policies benefiting young people worldwide. Specific projects proposed for the G20 include turning Saudi Arabia into the new center for circular economy, improving global governance, and funding energy efficiency initiatives such as through a "Green Deal" model inspired by European examples.

1. Realizing Opportunities of the 21st Century For All
Y20 Youth Summit | Riyad, Saudi Arabia
NOAH : Make or Break !
Think, Stimulate, Bridge Mega Projects
New Opportunities in Augmented Humanity #NOAH
A report coordinated by :
Kevin LOGNONE
Policy advisor
Researcher
Key topics : innovation, creativity,
intellectual capital
In line with the Kingdom's ambitious vision 2030, the 2020 G20 Presidency will focus
discussions, forums, working groups and meetings under the theme of:
Realizing Opportunities of the 21st Century for All. Indeed, the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia is the perfect location to connect East and West.
G20 Presidency Agenda will focus on three main priorities :
• Safeguarding the planet : foster collective efforts to protect our commons
• Empowering People : create conditions in which all people, especially women and
youth, can live, work, and thrive.
• Shaping New frontiers : adopt long-term and bold strategies to utilize and share
benefits of innovation.
Y20 Engagement Group, part of the wider G20, will host delegates in Saudi Arabia
over the course of 2020 to discuss and develop policies for the benefit of young
people around the world. These policies, or “communiques”, will take their place
alongside others from different G20 engagement groups to be presented to the G20
Heads of State for their consideration, approval, and activation.
The Y20 engagement group is one of eight official engagement groups under the
umbrella of the G20: Business 20 (B20), Civil 20 (C20), Labor 20 (L20), Science 20
(S20), Think 20 (T20), Women 20 (W20) Urban 20 (U20), and Youth 20 (Y20). Each
engagement group independently represents their stakeholders – youth, in our case
– and is headed by a chair from the nation hosting the G20 in that year.
This year’s Y20 Summit will take place in the Kingdom from 10 to 18 October, 2020,
through three focus areas: Future Fit, Youth Empowerment and Global Citizens.
In a changing world, great opportunities lie ahead to think, stimulate and bridge
together mega projects across the Kingdom. We look forward all the Kingdom’s
potential has to offer to build up a turning momentum : NOAH (New Opportunities
in Augmented Humanity). In line with the Kingdom's ambitious vision 2030, we
illustrate in this report how European initiatives, examples and guide lines can
inspire this movement.

2. 20 best innovation for G20
1/
2/
3/
4/
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1/ Safeguarding the planet : turning Saudi Arabia into the New Silicon Valley of Circular Economy
Opportunities for learning from hydro-diplomacy
Hydro-diplomacy is a tool for states to balance interests related to national sovereignty while strengthening regional cooperation with
countries sharing common resources. It requires political, diplomatic, financial synergies, the efforts of all the countries. Banque Saudi
Fransi can be considered as an example of hydro-diplomacy, as bank descendant (Suez Bank) having funded and invested into the Suez
Canal connecting Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea.
Projects must be win-win. In the Middle East, 80% of renewable water goes to irrigation. We can reduce this rate to 50%, thanks to
technologies like drip. Al-Ahsa Oasis, an Evolving Cultural Landscape can inspire the world. In the Eastern province, the Al-Ahsa Oasis
is a serial property comprising gardens, canals, springs, wells and a drainage lake, as well as historical buildings, urban fabric and
archaeological sites. They represent traces of continued human settlement in the Gulf region from the Neolithic to the present, as can
be seen from remaining historic fortresses, mosques, wells, canals and other water management systems. With its 2.5 million date
palms, it is the largest oasis in the world. Al-Ahsa is also a unique geocultural landscape and an exceptional example of human
interaction with the environment.
Waste is also a big threat: surface irrigation, leakage in networks ... Water will also be affected by climate change. In the Middle East,
with a 2 degree warming, we will lose 30% of our water resources. This has to be taken into account, just like the demographic trend:
30% less water will fuel more and more conflicts. Hydrodiplomacy is a policy of anticipation.
Opportunities for improving global governance
The challenges the world faces—climate change, terrorism, migration, cyber insecurity —ignore borders. Tackling them requires
international cooperation and collective action. However, collaboration is increasingly difficult as countries are turning inward. Today,
the international community fails at producing the needed solutions.
We observe new conflicts on all continents. Peace is not just the suspension of war. Peace is made up of all the solutions that help
reduce international tensions: cooperation to fight climate change and mitigate resource scarcity, institutions to channel power
rivalries and better administer global public goods, regulation to address abuses of power and inequalities, intergenerational bridges
and gender equality to create more peaceful societies. In other words, peace will only be sustainable if effective global governance
underpins it.
Opportunities for funding and assessing
A major investment effort is necessary to achieve the energy efficiency objectives linked to sustainable development and the energy
transition. The principle of energy efficiency - innovate and invest to consume less and spend less - means that such investments are -
in principle - profitable with a more or less long return on investment. Responding to the challenges of the energy transition requires
building a specific financial industry to support the new energy efficiency industries.

3. Green business is good business
By drawing inspiration from the mechanisms abroad, we can finance considerable work in the field of energy efficiency provided
that the energy savings achieved are given a reliable value. There are indeed in many countries energy management companies
that are remunerated on the savings achieved (formerly Sofergies in France). To create the energy efficiency financial industry, it
is necessary to be able to legally secure the savings of energy, and standardize the different types of energy efficiency in order to
securitize them and transform them into financial products.
A guarantee fund (permanent or ephemeral) could be created to promote the emergence of this new market in Saudi Arabia, thanks
to the support of Saudi and European banking groups recognized in the banking landscape.
Regional support systems (outlined in Rhône-Alpes and Ile-de-France regions in Europe) could inspire a provincial approach, as is
the practice in several states in the United States.
By securitizing the claims arising from this legal safeguarding of the expected energy efficiency, the insurer financial markets could
provide the necessary financing (in addition considered as "Socially Responsible Investment"). A viable mechanism for financing
energy savings could be to back up finance companies with Energy Efficiency Service Companies.
Preparing Al-Ahsa the next Silicon Valley of Circular Economy
A Saudi-European financial engineering model could emerge and take the name of "Green deal". It should be noted that Europe
has developed recognized international expertise in the field of the carbon market. Like the California system as part of the Western
Climate Initiative (WCI), becoming one of the pioneers of the largest carbon market in North America and the first to be operated
by states and provinces of different countries.
Revenues from the carbon market are paid into the Green Fund, and are fully reinvested in the implementation of the 2013-2020
Climate Change Action Plan (PACC 2013-2020), whose measures will help reduce emissions GHG emissions, adapt to the impacts
of climate change and accelerate the shift towards a strong, innovative and increasingly low-carbon economy.
The extraordinary integrity of this urban/oasis landscape can still be fully appreciated when observing from an elevated point the
“sea” of palm trees and gardens that extends in every direction almost endlessly. The sheer size of the property permits to ensure
the complete representation of all tangible attributes of the cultural landscape and of the social processes conveying its
Outstanding Universal Value.

4. 2/ Shaping New frontiers : from NEOM to NOAH : New Opportunities in Augmented Humanity
The name "NEOM" is derived from two words. The first three letters from the Ancient Greek prefix neo-meaning "new". The fourth
letter is from the abbreviation of Mostaqbal, an arabic word meaning "future". And the name suggests, it will be the land of the
future where the best ideas, most promising start-ups, established companies, future industries and the best talents are joined to
create solutions for the challenges facing humanity.
At the intersection of Asia, Europe and Africa and along one of the world's busiest economic arteries, NEOM is strategically placed
at the crossroads of the world with an area of 25,500km2. NEOM is just an 8-hour flight from 70% of the global population.
Similar initiatives nurtured in Europe. Sophia Antipolis was chosen to name the first Tech city between Nice and Monaco. It comes
from "Sophia" : wisdom in Greek. And "Antipolis": bucolic creativity outside the city.
The dynamics of economic progress no longer depend only on heavy industry and raw materials, coal and ore. It depends
on substantia grisea, quality education, quality environment. This is a considerable change. For all of us, coal and heavy industry
are associated with the 19th century, with the smoke and fog of Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, Birmingham England, Lorraine
France, Ruhr Germany. This was Western Europe, geologists’s Hercynian domain, with outcrops of carboniferous strata.
Quality of the environment, attractive sites, joy of living are associated in our minds with the shores, this cradle of Western
Civilization with its plains, cities, hills on a human scale, whether in Attica, Latium, Tuscany or Provence. Geologists tell us
this isan effect of Alpine orogeny, an effect also present in California, that other region so attractive to innovators.This development
of modern Society is the first factor that made us choose the French Riviera for building up the International Science Park,
Sophia Antipolis, the City of Wisdom north of Antibes, the former Antipolis across from Nice
What about the future ? This success story inspired many Tech hubs all over Europe : Atalante, Numa in Paris, Meca and Darwin in
Bordeaux, H7 in Lyon, French Tech Ocean, Digital Jersey. Even inspired Creative hubs such IMA in Paris which shares similarities
with Ithra in Khobar.
Turning to new tourism, Interfaith tourism is growing with the Mont-Saint-Michel Bay, second visitor attraction after Eiffel Tower.
A desk of letters is made up of pieces of bronze from around the world. On this desk, four alphabets are engraved: Arabic, Roman,
Greek and Hebrew and also a cosmic clock to refer to the dialogue of civilizations, of which the angel Michael is an interfaith
symbol for the three religions of the Holy Book. And perhaps echoing Abraj Al Bait and its Makkah Royal Clock Tower. Time
measurements used in ancient days : the sun, the moon, and the earth to organize life and activities were also connected to details
of space and planets.
Reinforcing exciting prospect of continuing relations with KSA and enhancing relationships East and West provides tolerance and
how we will build trust which in turn leads to peace and prosperity.

5. 3/Empowering People : Re-mapping of diasporic circularities in the Middle East and rest of the world
The World can explore the contributions of visitors from foreign shores. And how those components can stimulate Saudi Vision
2030.
The Blue Economy is founded upon research, assessment anddata sharing, and that the assessment and valuation of the blue
capital will require diverse and strong scientific and technical capacities.
Our planet needs the further development of an integrated ecosystem approach to the maintenance of balanced, healthy and
productive marine ecosystems, including the valuation of blue capital and potential applications of “blue carbon” trading.
Towards Blue economy
In 2014, Blue Economy Abu Dhabi Declaration discussed how to utilise and implement the Blue Economy as a tool to enable
the transition of development models for island and coastal states towards sustainable development. Enabling mechanisms for
the Blue Economy include technology transfer, capacity building, targeted streamlined financing mechanisms, including debt for
nature and/or adaptation swaps, and modes of science-based implementation.
Different people and cultures have travelled across Saudi Arabia’s seas and landscapes for centuries. We can still find out who they
were and where did they came from. To answer to this quest of knowledge. Saudi Arabia shares an incredible history of Blue
Economy with Europe and rest of the world. Few people know Saint-Malo city, Brittany. This corsair harbour of the Emerald coast
was the most ancien European one trading the first black gold : Arabic Coffee with Jeddah and Moka, long time before London and
Amsterdam.
In Nantes city, Jules Verne, a French writer imagined the concept of Black Indies, a parallel between the mythical wealth of the
Indies, eastern or western, and the new wealth of the industrialized regions of Europe, founded on coal, during the industrial
revolution. He also opposed this new industrial Scotland to the old Scotland of Celtic legends.
In 2050, the world will need to feed 10 billion people and find 60% new sources of food, energy and mineral resources to meet the
needs of developed and catching-up economies. Terrestrial resources are already overexploited: more will be expected of the
oceans. The oceans also harbour formidable energy potential and offer other riches and opportunities, including in maritime
shipping and boating and leisure.
Turning Tabuk Peninsula into the biggest maritime testing ground of the world
The sea has become a new driver of growth: it simultaneously represents a vast reservoir of resources and a space for new
production and industrial activities whose development on land is constrained.
Many countries and multinationals aim to exploit the oceans and seas. If this is conducted indiscriminately, there is a risk that
a sizeable proportion of marine resources will disappear rapidly and definitively. Understanding marine environments is therefore
of strategic importance for developing new activities.
The OECD forecasts that added value from maritime activities will double worldwide between now and 2030, with more marked
growth in certain sectors. The opportunities this affords should not conceal the fact that the oceans and seas face numerous threats,
which demand fresh approaches and solutions for sustainable development.
Narwhal : detect the next sea unicorn
Some medieval Europeans believed narwhal tusks to be the horns from the legendary unicorn. As these horns were considered to
have magic powers, such as neutralising poison and curing melancholia, Vikings and other northern traders were able to sell them
for many times their weight in gold.
During the 16th century, Queen Elizabeth I received a carved and be jewelled narwhal tusk worth 10,000 pounds sterling— the
16th century equivalent cost of a castle (approximately £1.5–2.5 million in 2007, using the retail price index)–from Sir Humphrey
Gilbert, who proposed the tusk was from a "sea-unicorne". The tusks were staples of the cabinet of curiosities. European knowledge
of the tusk's origin developed gradually during the Age of Exploration, as explorers and naturalists began to visit Arctic regions
themselves.