Reaksi senyawa-hidrokarkon
- 2. Reaksi senyawa hidrokarbonReaksi senyawa hidrokarbon
Reaksi oksidasiReaksi oksidasi
Reaksi substitusiReaksi substitusi
Reaksi adisiReaksi adisi
Reaksi eliminasiReaksi eliminasi
Reaksi polimerisasiReaksi polimerisasi
@NdeanEyung
- 3. 1. Reaksi pembakaran / Reaksi oksidasi1. Reaksi pembakaran / Reaksi oksidasi
CHCH33-CH-CH33 ++ 3/23/2 OO22 →→ 22CC + 3H+ 3H22OO
CHCH22=CH=CH22 ++ 22 OO22 →→ 22CC + 2H+ 2H22OO
CH CH≡CH CH≡ ++ 1/21/2 OO22 2→ 2→ CC + H+ H22OO
CHCH33-CH-CH33 ++ 7/27/2 OO22 →→ 2C2COO22 + 3H+ 3H22OO
CHCH22=CH=CH22 ++ 33 OO22 →→ 2C2COO22 + 2H+ 2H22OO
CH CH≡CH CH≡ ++ 5/25/2 OO22 2C→ 2C→ OO22 + H+ H22OO
- 4. 2. Reaksi substitusi pada alkana2. Reaksi substitusi pada alkana
CHCH44 + Cl+ Cl22 CH→ CH→ 33Cl + HClCl + HCl
CHCH33-CH-CH33 +Cl+Cl22 →→ CHCH33-CH-CH22Cl + HClCl + HCl
CHCH33-CH-CH22-CH-CH33 + Cl+ Cl22 CH→ CH→ 33-CH-CH22-CH-CH22Cl + HClCl + HCl
CCnnHH2n+22n+2 + X+ X22 C→ C→ nnHH2n+12n+1X + HXX + HX
- 5. 3. Reaksi adisi pada Alkena dan Alkuna3. Reaksi adisi pada Alkena dan Alkuna
a. Adisi hidrogena. Adisi hidrogen
CH2= CH2 + H2CH2= CH2 + H2 Ni/PtNi/Pt CH3-CH3CH3-CH3
CH2=CH-CH3 + H2CH2=CH-CH3 + H2 Ni/PtNi/Pt CH3-CH2-CH3CH3-CH2-CH3
CH CH + H2≡CH CH + H2≡ Ni/PtNi/Pt CH2=CH2CH2=CH2
CH CH≡CH CH≡ + 2H2+ 2H2 Ni/PtNi/Pt 200200˚˚cc CH3-CH3CH3-CH3
- 6. b. Adisi halogenb. Adisi halogen CH2=CH2 + Br2CH2=CH2 + Br2 CH2BR-CH2Br→ CH2BR-CH2Br→
etena dibromoetanaetena dibromoetana
CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + Cl2 CH3-CHCl-CHCl-CH3→CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + Cl2 CH3-CHCl-CHCl-CH3→
2-butena 2,3-diklorobutana2-butena 2,3-diklorobutana
CHCH≡≡CH + Br2CH + Br2 CHBr=CHBr→ CHBr=CHBr→
etuna dibromoetenaetuna dibromoetena
CHCH≡≡ CH+ 2Br2 CHBr2-CHBr2→CH+ 2Br2 CHBr2-CHBr2→
etuna tetrabromoetanaetuna tetrabromoetana
CHCH≡≡C-CH3 + Br2C-CH3 + Br2 CHBr=CBr-CH3→ CHBr=CBr-CH3→
propuna 1,2-dibromopropenapropuna 1,2-dibromopropena
CHCH≡≡C-CH3 +C-CH3 + 2Br2 CHBr2-CBr2-CH3→2Br2 CHBr2-CBr2-CH3→
propuna 1,2-tetrabromopropanapropuna 1,2-tetrabromopropana
- 7. c. Adisi asam halidac. Adisi asam halida
Alkena simetrisAlkena simetris
CHCH22=CH=CH22 + HCl+ HCl → CH→ CH33-CH-CH22ClCl
etena kloroetanaetena kloroetana
CHCH33-CH=CH-CH-CH=CH-CH33 + HCl+ HCl → CH→ CH33-CH-CH22-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH33
2-butena 2-klorobutana2-butena 2-klorobutana
CH CH + HCl≡CH CH + HCl≡ CH→ CH→ 22=CHCl=CHCl
etuna kloroetenaetuna kloroetena
(vinilklorida)(vinilklorida)
CHCH33-C C-CH≡-C C-CH≡ 33 + HCl+ HCl CH→ CH→ 33-CH=CCl-CH-CH=CCl-CH33
2-butuna 2-kloro-2butena2-butuna 2-kloro-2butena
- 8. Aturan markovnikov untuk alkena tak simetrisAturan markovnikov untuk alkena tak simetris
CHCH33-CH=CH-CH=CH22 + HCl+ HCl CH→ CH→ 33-CH-CH22-CH-CH22ClCl
% <<<<<% <<<<<
→→ CHCH33-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH33
% >>>>>% >>>>>
CHCH33-CH= CH-CH-CH= CH-CH22 -CH-CH33 + HCl+ HCl → CH→ CH33-CH-CH22-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH22-CH-CH33
% <<<<<% <<<<<
→→ CHCH33-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH22-CH-CH22-CH-CH33
% >>>>>% >>>>>
- 9. d. Adisi air pada alkena dan alkunad. Adisi air pada alkena dan alkuna
CHCH22=CH=CH22 ++ 2SO4H2SO4H22OO HH 300˚C 70 Atm300˚C 70 Atm CHCH33-CH-CH22OHOH
etena etanoletena etanol
CH CH + H≡CH CH + H≡ 22OO H2SO4 60˚CH2SO4 60˚C CHCH33-CHO-CHO
etuna etanaletuna etanal
- 10. 4. Reaksi eliminasi alkana4. Reaksi eliminasi alkana
CH3-CH3 panas CH2=CH2 + H2CH3-CH3 panas CH2=CH2 + H2
C3H8 panas CH2=CH2 + CH4C3H8 panas CH2=CH2 + CH4
- 11. 5. Reaksi polimerisasi alkena dan alkuna5. Reaksi polimerisasi alkena dan alkuna
CH2=CH2 + CH2=CH2 + CH2=CH2 +……CH2=CH2 + CH2=CH2 + CH2=CH2 +…… -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-→ -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-→
etena polietenaetena polietena
CH2=CHCl + CH2=CHCl + CH2=CHCl +……CH2=CHCl + CH2=CHCl + CH2=CHCl +…… -CH2-CHCl-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CHCl-→ -CH2-CHCl-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CHCl-→
kloroetena ( vinilklorida) polivinilkloridakloroetena ( vinilklorida) polivinilklorida
- 12. Substitusi halogen pada alkanaSubstitusi halogen pada alkana
CHCH33-CH-CH22-CH-CH33 + Cl+ Cl22 CH→ CH→ 33-CH-CH22-CH-CH22Cl + HClCl + HCl
propana kloropropanapropana kloropropana
Adisi halogen & hidrogen pada alkena dan alkunaAdisi halogen & hidrogen pada alkena dan alkuna
CHCH3-3-CHCH22=CH=CH2-2-CHCH33 + Cl+ Cl22 →→ CHCH33CHCH22Cl-CHCl-CH22Cl-CH3Cl-CH3
etena 2,3-diklorobutanaetena 2,3-diklorobutana
CHCH33-C C-CH≡-C C-CH≡ 33 + H+ H22 CH→ CH→ 33-CH=CH-CH-CH=CH-CH33
2-butuna 2-butena2-butuna 2-butena
CHCH33-C C-CH≡-C C-CH≡ 33 + 2 H+ 2 H22 CH→ CH→ 33-CH-CH22-CH-CH22-CH-CH33
2-butuna butana2-butuna butana
- 13. Adisi asam halida pada alkenaAdisi asam halida pada alkena
CHCH33-CH-CH22-CH=CH-CH-CH=CH-CH22-CH-CH33 + HCl+ HCl CH→ CH→ 33-CH-CH22-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH22-CH-CH22-CH-CH33
3-heksena 3-kloroheksana3-heksena 3-kloroheksana
==
CHCH33-CH-CH22-CH-CH22-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH22-CH-CH33
3-kloroheksana3-kloroheksana
CHCH33-CH=CH-CH-CH=CH-CH22-CH-CH33 + HCl+ HCl CH→ CH→ 33-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH22-CH-CH22-CH-CH33
2-pentena 2-kloropentena2-pentena 2-kloropentena
CHCH22=CH-CH=CH-CH22-CH-CH33 + HCl+ HCl CH→ CH→ 33-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH22-CH-CH33
1-butena 2-klorobutena1-butena 2-klorobutena
