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{THE ART OF UNIT
TESTING}
READING NOTES BY BENJAMIN FAN
AGENDA
• Breaking dependencies
• Why use stubs
• How to use stubs
BREAKING DEPENDENCIES
• Dependency:
• Services/components that you can‘t fully control in the SUT include loggers,
file access, network interaction, and DB access.
TYPES OF DEPENDENCIES
TYPES OF DEPENDENCIES
INCOMING DEPENDENCY
WHY USE STUBS
• Breaks the incoming dependency.
WHY USE STUBS
• What if you want to test without the internet?
• What if you want to test without a GitHub API token?
HOW TO USE STUBS
• There are three ways to adopt stubs in your unit tests. Some of these require
more refactoring of your production code.
THREE APPROACHES TO STUBBING
SAMPLE CODE
• What if you want to test the expiry scenario?
PARAMETER INJECTION
FUNCTION AS PARAMETER
INJECTION VIA PARTIAL APPLICATION
MODULAR INJECTION
• This is the sample code used here
• This code will verify whether today is a weekend
MODULAR INJECTION
MODULAR INJECTION
OO CONSTRUCTOR INJECTION
OO INJECTION OBJECT
OO INJECTION OBJECT
OO EXTRACT INTERFACE
OO EXTRACT INTERFACE
TAKE AWAY
Two types to break the dependencies:mocks and stubs
Mocks break outgoing dependencies
Stubs break incoming dependencies
Avoid using modular injection
Object as parameter (aka duck typing) like Golang style
Common interface as parameter - same as object as parameter

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Reading Notes of The Art Of Unit Test Ch3