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a research paper.pptx
This document provides information on scientific research papers and their structure and purpose. It discusses key parts of a research paper including the introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections. It emphasizes that the goal of a scientific paper is to advance knowledge in a field by presenting a research study and its findings in a clear, objective manner so that other experts can analyze and build upon the work. Overall, the document serves as a guide for writing and reading scientific research papers effectively.
4.10.19_a research paper.pptx
This document provides information on scientific research papers and how to read them effectively. It discusses that research papers are an important part of the scientific community and involve building upon existing knowledge in a field. It also outlines the key sections of a research paper such as the introduction, methods, results and discussion. The document emphasizes that to critically read a research paper, one should understand the problem being studied and evaluated, understand the proposed methodology, and evaluate the assumptions, findings and conclusions presented. It stresses reading research papers actively and constructively in order to gain insights and identify areas for further study.
a research paper.pptx
This document provides information on scientific research papers and their structure and purpose. It discusses that research papers present an interpretation or evaluation of an argument based on what is known about a subject. When writing a research paper, authors build upon existing knowledge and survey relevant fields to find the best information. Research can be published in many areas, including science, arts, humanities, religion, and management. For scientific publications specifically, the work must be public, objective, predictive, reproducible, systematic, and cumulative. Key parts of a research paper include the introduction, methods, analysis, results, discussion, and conclusions. The document provides guidance on how to effectively read and evaluate a scientific research paper.
Introduction to Thesis
This document provides an overview of the requirements and process for writing a Master's thesis. It discusses defining research, identifying a problem, selecting a research problem, conducting a literature review, and issues to consider when reading papers. The key points are:
- A thesis requires 12 credits and a published 11 page manuscript. It must follow the Graduate School's guidelines.
- Research involves systematically studying a field to establish facts or principles.
- Problems can come from work, literature, discussions, or courses and must be interesting, urgent, useful, within one's abilities, unique, and feasible.
- Literature reviews examine if a research question was already answered and help identify gaps. Useful websites include Google Scholar and PubMed
How to write and publish good quality research paper
This document provides information on how to write and publish a good quality research article. It discusses what constitutes a research paper, including that it presents original work and analysis. The document outlines the structure of a research paper, including sections like the introduction, methods, results, and discussion. It also discusses the writing process, from choosing a topic to drafting and revising. Advanced searching tools and referencing tools are mentioned to help researchers locate and cite information.
How to select your publications & who is who in research?: Impact & H factors
How to select your publications & who is who in research?: Impact & H factorsDiego López-de-Ipiña González-de-Artaza
This document discusses key aspects of the scientific research process and publishing findings, including:
1) The typical phases of the scientific method such as developing a research question, conducting background research, forming a hypothesis, designing and conducting experiments, analyzing results, and publishing findings.
2) Guidelines for publishing research including selecting appropriate publication venues based on their prestige, impact factor, and indexing in databases. Conferences, journals, books, and dissertation are discussed as common publication types.
3) Metrics for measuring research impact including the number of citations, journal impact factor, and h-index which provides an indicator of productivity and citation impact. Resources for identifying publications and metrics like Web of Science, DBLP, and GoogleUniversity of Guelph, Learning Commons Library (httpwww.lib.uog.docx
University of Guelph, Learning Commons Library (http://www.lib.uoguelph.ca/get-assistance/writing/specific-types-papers/using-scientific-journal-article-write-critical-review)
Using a Scientific Journal Article to Write a Critical Review
Writing a critical review of a journal article can help to improve your research skills. By assessing the work of others, you develop skills as a critical reader and become familiar with the types of evaluation criteria that will be applied to research in your field and thus your own research.
You are expected to read the article carefully, analyse it, and evaluate the quality and originality of the research, as well as its relevance and presentation. Its strengths and weaknesses are assessed, followed by its overall value. Do not be confused by the term critique: it does not mean that you only look at the negative aspects of what the researcher has done. You should address both the positive and negative aspects.
If your lecturer has given you specific advice on how to write a critical review, follow that advice. If not, the following steps may help you. These steps are based on a detailed description of how to analyse and evaluate a research article provided by Wood (2003) in her lab guide.
This guide is divided into two parts. The first part, "Researching the Critique," outlines the steps involved in selecting and evaluating a research article. The second part, "Writing your Critique," discusses two possible ways to structure your critique paper.
A. Researching the Critique
The questions listed under many of the subheadings in this section may provide you with a good place to begin understanding what you are looking for and what form your critique might take.
1. Select a Topic
If your lecturer does not assign a topic or a particular article for you to review, and you must choose a topic yourself, try using a review article from your field. Review articles summarize and evaluate current studies (research articles) on a particular topic. Select a review article on a topic that interests you and that is written clearly so you can understand it.
2. Select a Research Article
Use the review article to select a research article. This can be very useful in writing your critique. The review article will provide background information for your analysis, as well as establishing that the research paper you are critiquing is significant: if the paper was not so highly regarded, it would not have been selected to be reviewed.
When choosing a research article, examine the Materials & Methods section closely and make sure you have a good grasp of the techniques and methods used. If you don't, you may have difficulty evaluating them.
3. Analyse the Text
Read the article(s) carefully. As you read the article(s) use the following questions to help you understand how and why the research was carried out.
· What is the author's central purpose? Look at INTRODUCTION.
· What methods were used to accomplish this purpose (systematic recor ...
Research Writing - 2018.07.18
The document provides information about research writing. It discusses that everyone can be considered a researcher through everyday activities like using social media or traveling. Research is defined as a careful, diligent search to establish new facts or reach conclusions. The constituents of research are outlined as defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and validating conclusions. The document emphasizes that research writing is important and discusses choosing the right research topic and venue for publication. It provides tips for writing different sections of a research paper and following the common three-phase model of initial workshop or conference papers leading to a journal publication.
Recommended
a research paper.pptx
This document provides information on scientific research papers and their structure and purpose. It discusses key parts of a research paper including the introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections. It emphasizes that the goal of a scientific paper is to advance knowledge in a field by presenting a research study and its findings in a clear, objective manner so that other experts can analyze and build upon the work. Overall, the document serves as a guide for writing and reading scientific research papers effectively.
4.10.19_a research paper.pptx
This document provides information on scientific research papers and how to read them effectively. It discusses that research papers are an important part of the scientific community and involve building upon existing knowledge in a field. It also outlines the key sections of a research paper such as the introduction, methods, results and discussion. The document emphasizes that to critically read a research paper, one should understand the problem being studied and evaluated, understand the proposed methodology, and evaluate the assumptions, findings and conclusions presented. It stresses reading research papers actively and constructively in order to gain insights and identify areas for further study.
a research paper.pptx
This document provides information on scientific research papers and their structure and purpose. It discusses that research papers present an interpretation or evaluation of an argument based on what is known about a subject. When writing a research paper, authors build upon existing knowledge and survey relevant fields to find the best information. Research can be published in many areas, including science, arts, humanities, religion, and management. For scientific publications specifically, the work must be public, objective, predictive, reproducible, systematic, and cumulative. Key parts of a research paper include the introduction, methods, analysis, results, discussion, and conclusions. The document provides guidance on how to effectively read and evaluate a scientific research paper.
Introduction to Thesis
This document provides an overview of the requirements and process for writing a Master's thesis. It discusses defining research, identifying a problem, selecting a research problem, conducting a literature review, and issues to consider when reading papers. The key points are:
- A thesis requires 12 credits and a published 11 page manuscript. It must follow the Graduate School's guidelines.
- Research involves systematically studying a field to establish facts or principles.
- Problems can come from work, literature, discussions, or courses and must be interesting, urgent, useful, within one's abilities, unique, and feasible.
- Literature reviews examine if a research question was already answered and help identify gaps. Useful websites include Google Scholar and PubMed
How to write and publish good quality research paper
This document provides information on how to write and publish a good quality research article. It discusses what constitutes a research paper, including that it presents original work and analysis. The document outlines the structure of a research paper, including sections like the introduction, methods, results, and discussion. It also discusses the writing process, from choosing a topic to drafting and revising. Advanced searching tools and referencing tools are mentioned to help researchers locate and cite information.
How to select your publications & who is who in research?: Impact & H factors
How to select your publications & who is who in research?: Impact & H factorsDiego López-de-Ipiña González-de-Artaza
This document discusses key aspects of the scientific research process and publishing findings, including:
1) The typical phases of the scientific method such as developing a research question, conducting background research, forming a hypothesis, designing and conducting experiments, analyzing results, and publishing findings.
2) Guidelines for publishing research including selecting appropriate publication venues based on their prestige, impact factor, and indexing in databases. Conferences, journals, books, and dissertation are discussed as common publication types.
3) Metrics for measuring research impact including the number of citations, journal impact factor, and h-index which provides an indicator of productivity and citation impact. Resources for identifying publications and metrics like Web of Science, DBLP, and GoogleUniversity of Guelph, Learning Commons Library (httpwww.lib.uog.docx
University of Guelph, Learning Commons Library (http://www.lib.uoguelph.ca/get-assistance/writing/specific-types-papers/using-scientific-journal-article-write-critical-review)
Using a Scientific Journal Article to Write a Critical Review
Writing a critical review of a journal article can help to improve your research skills. By assessing the work of others, you develop skills as a critical reader and become familiar with the types of evaluation criteria that will be applied to research in your field and thus your own research.
You are expected to read the article carefully, analyse it, and evaluate the quality and originality of the research, as well as its relevance and presentation. Its strengths and weaknesses are assessed, followed by its overall value. Do not be confused by the term critique: it does not mean that you only look at the negative aspects of what the researcher has done. You should address both the positive and negative aspects.
If your lecturer has given you specific advice on how to write a critical review, follow that advice. If not, the following steps may help you. These steps are based on a detailed description of how to analyse and evaluate a research article provided by Wood (2003) in her lab guide.
This guide is divided into two parts. The first part, "Researching the Critique," outlines the steps involved in selecting and evaluating a research article. The second part, "Writing your Critique," discusses two possible ways to structure your critique paper.
A. Researching the Critique
The questions listed under many of the subheadings in this section may provide you with a good place to begin understanding what you are looking for and what form your critique might take.
1. Select a Topic
If your lecturer does not assign a topic or a particular article for you to review, and you must choose a topic yourself, try using a review article from your field. Review articles summarize and evaluate current studies (research articles) on a particular topic. Select a review article on a topic that interests you and that is written clearly so you can understand it.
2. Select a Research Article
Use the review article to select a research article. This can be very useful in writing your critique. The review article will provide background information for your analysis, as well as establishing that the research paper you are critiquing is significant: if the paper was not so highly regarded, it would not have been selected to be reviewed.
When choosing a research article, examine the Materials & Methods section closely and make sure you have a good grasp of the techniques and methods used. If you don't, you may have difficulty evaluating them.
3. Analyse the Text
Read the article(s) carefully. As you read the article(s) use the following questions to help you understand how and why the research was carried out.
· What is the author's central purpose? Look at INTRODUCTION.
· What methods were used to accomplish this purpose (systematic recor ...
Research Writing - 2018.07.18
The document provides information about research writing. It discusses that everyone can be considered a researcher through everyday activities like using social media or traveling. Research is defined as a careful, diligent search to establish new facts or reach conclusions. The constituents of research are outlined as defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and validating conclusions. The document emphasizes that research writing is important and discusses choosing the right research topic and venue for publication. It provides tips for writing different sections of a research paper and following the common three-phase model of initial workshop or conference papers leading to a journal publication.
Reviewing a journal article - Professor Jenny Rowley
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This document provides guidance for research students on peer reviewing for academic journals. It discusses the purpose and process of peer review, how to prepare for and conduct reviews, and key aspects to consider when writing a review. The peer review process involves submitting articles to journals to be evaluated by independent experts. Reviewers provide feedback to authors to improve their work and inform the editor's publication decision. The document reviews what peer review entails, its benefits for students, factors to consider before accepting a review invitation, typical review stages and formats, elements to address in a review, and how to evaluate example reviews. The overall aim is to encourage and support students' involvement in peer reviewing.WriteTEL: Session2
This document provides an overview of a workshop on planning academic papers. It discusses developing an outline for a paper, including typical sections like introduction, background, methodology, results, discussion and conclusions. Last sessions covered types of publications and what makes a good paper. This session will focus on paper structure and developing an outline, with tips like choosing a paper type, finding an example paper, and starting with a generic structure to customize. The goal is for participants to understand common paper elements and be able to start developing their own outline by the end of the workshop.
How to write great research papers
This document provides an outline for a seminar on writing research papers. The seminar aims to identify the essential components for planning and executing research writing assignments. By the end of the seminar, attendees will be able to identify the steps in the research paper writing process, access resources to help at various stages of writing, and use time management strategies to successfully complete a research paper. The outline then covers various aspects of the writing process such as selecting a topic, choosing a journal, developing the paper structure, issues of authorship, and key elements like the title, abstract, and keywords.
How to write a research paper?
These slides are related to our last event at the Sapienza University of Rome for the graduate students. Please follow our website: https://www.facebook.com/psa.sapienza
3. lecture 3 literature review & analytical framework development
This document provides guidance on conducting a literature review. It outlines the purpose of a literature review as demonstrating knowledge of current research and identifying gaps to justify new research. An effective literature review adopts a critical perspective, evaluates sources, and develops a clear argument through synthesis rather than just reporting on individual studies. It should draw from a wide range of academic literature and other sources, while avoiding plagiarism. The document provides tips for structuring, writing and referencing a literature review to meet assessment criteria.
Introduction for scintfic writing
This document provides an overview of scientific writing and research proposals. It discusses types of scientific publications such as journal articles, books, and conference posters. It emphasizes using clear, precise language and proper structure for scientific papers, including titles, introductions, methods, results, and references sections. The document also outlines the key elements of a good research proposal, such as stating the problem, reviewing previous literature, describing the methodology, presenting a timeline and budget, and listing references. Researchers are advised to write proposals that are coherent, informative, and clearly structured to convince readers of the significance and merit of the proposed research.
How toreadsciarticle
This document provides guidance on how to effectively read and understand a scientific article. It recommends skimming the article first to identify its structure, purpose, and key points. When reading, generate questions and draw inferences from prior knowledge. Take notes on important details like the hypothesis, methodology, results, and how the article relates to other works. Actively engaging with the text in this way facilitates better comprehension and recall of the scientific content.
Literature review belayet
This presentation has been made for those who intends to write their thesis or dissertation in the level of masters and Ph.D. I have done this only for the sake of Allah!
1Week 5Critiquing Research Articles to Prepare an Annotated B.docx
1
Week 5:Critiquing Research Articles to Prepare an Annotated Bibliography
As mentioned, one component of becoming an independent scholar is learning how to provide an evaluative critique of the work of other scholars. A critique of scholarly work requires your ability to use high level critical thinking skills. In addition, you must be able to write constructively and communicate your ideas well with clear and focused writing.
The purpose of this assignment is two-fold. First, you are to demonstrate your ability to clearly and precisely summarize and critically evaluate specific information from peer-reviewed resources. Secondly, you are to demonstrate your ability to clearly present that evaluative information in writing that meets academic and professional expectations. These skills will be invaluable as you go on to develop your literature review and in your journey to become an independent scholar.
The result of this activity is produce annotated bibliographies based on the two peer-reviewed journal articles related to your chosen topic (you are welcome to include more articles for practice and feedback). Use the sections and questions below to help you critique each article. You do not need to answer every single question as some questions might not apply. The questions are listed as a means to help you generate ideas as you work on critiquing each article. You might also consider using this template in the future when critically analyzing articles.
Please REMOVE the instructions and questions listed below for your paper and submit an annotated bibliography for each article.
Link to peer reviewed article one:
http://intqhc.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/6/341
1) APA reference for article #1
2)Introductionand core study elements
· Give an overview of the purpose of the study and the problem or issue discussed.
· Consider whether the problem is clearly described. Did the author(s) document and support the existence of the problem with scholarly sources and data? Were the sources credible and relevant (as defined by the readings you’ve done for this course)?
· What were the research questions?
· What were the key findings and conclusions of the study?
3) Evaluate literature reviewed
· Examine the literature reviewed by the author(s). How relevant is the) cited literature? Do certain ideas or concepts appear to be over/underemphasized? Was there any bias in language or tone of the writing? What discussions need elaboration or could be more concise? What is missing?
4) Evaluate theoretical framework
· What theoretical or conceptual framework was used as the basis for the study? What are the key variables and from which theories do they originate? Are variables well-defined? What alternative theories might support this study?
5) Evaluate methods
· What research method and designs are used in this study?
· How well are the methods described (could a reader duplicate the research process if needed)?
· Do the m ...
Research methods l1 3
This document outlines the steps for conducting a literature review. It begins by defining research and the objectives of research such as gaining new insights or testing hypotheses. It then discusses what a literature review is and its purpose of analyzing existing research. The main steps covered are establishing a research focus, identifying relevant search tools and terms, searching databases using operators and wildcards, organizing findings, determining relevant literature, and analyzing and summarizing the evidence into a report. Examples and exercises are provided to illustrate each step in the literature review process.
Scientific writing session 2
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Detailed outline of Research Proposal
The document provides an outline for writing a research proposal and report. It discusses the typical elements and structure, including:
1) Elements such as the title page, problem statement, objectives, literature review, methodology, and references.
2) Developing the proposal involves choosing a topic, formulating research questions, outlining literature, deciding on methods, and proposing timelines and resources.
3) Research proposals and reports generally have five chapters: introduction, literature review, methodology, analysis, and conclusions. Each chapter contains standard sections.
How-to-read-a-scientific-paper.ppt
This document provides guidance on how to effectively read and understand a scientific paper. It recommends a 4-step process: 1) Skim the entire paper to understand its structure and conclusions. 2) Identify and look up any unfamiliar vocabulary. 3) Read each section in detail, taking notes to comprehend the introduction, methods, results and discussion. 4) Critically reflect on the paper's rationale, experiments, conclusions and implications for future research. Reading strategically and looking up details helps maximize learning and ability to evaluate the paper.
How-to-read-a-scientific-paper.ppt
This document provides guidance on how to effectively read and understand a scientific paper. It recommends a 4-step process: 1) Skim the entire paper to understand its structure and conclusions. 2) Identify and look up any unfamiliar vocabulary. 3) Read each section in detail, taking notes to comprehend the introduction, methods, results and discussion. 4) Critically reflect on the paper's rationale, experiments, conclusions and implications for future research. Reading strategically and looking up details helps maximize learning and ability to evaluate the paper.
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This document provides guidance on how to effectively read and understand a scientific paper. It recommends a 4-step process: 1) Skim the entire paper to understand its structure and conclusions. 2) Identify and look up any unfamiliar vocabulary. 3) Read each section in detail, taking notes to comprehend the introduction, methods, results and discussion. 4) Critically reflect on the paper's rationale, experiments, conclusions and implications for future research. Reading strategically and looking up details helps ensure full understanding of the paper.
How-to-read-a-scientific-paper.ppt
This document provides guidance on how to effectively read and understand a scientific paper. It recommends a 4-step process: 1) Skim the entire paper to understand its structure and conclusions. 2) Identify and look up any unfamiliar vocabulary. 3) Read each section in detail, taking notes to comprehend the introduction, methods, results and discussion. 4) Critically reflect on the paper's rationale, experiments, conclusions and implications for future research. Reading strategically and looking up details helps maximize learning and ability to analyze new papers.
Research paper Writing Service [www.writekraft.com]
Writekraft Research & Publication LLP.
We are one of the leading PhD assistance company that deals in helping PhD scholars in their Thesis, Research paper writing and publication work. We are providing custom PhD Thesis written for you exactly the way you want along with a Turnitin plagiarism report.
For more Information Contact us@ admin@writekraft.com
Or Call us @ 7753818181, 9838033084
www.writekraft.com
Research paper [www.writekraft.com]
Writekraft Research & Publication LLP.
We are one of the leading PhD assistance company that deals in helping PhD scholars in their Thesis, Research paper writing and publication work. We are providing custom PhD Thesis written for you exactly the way you want along with a Turnitin plagiarism report.
For more Information Contact us@ admin@writekraft.com
Or Call us @ 7753818181, 9838033084
www.writekraft.com
Research paper [www.writekraft.com]
Writekraft Research & Publication LLP.
We are one of the leading PhD assistance company that deals in helping PhD scholars in their Thesis, Research paper writing and publication work. We are providing custom PhD Thesis written for you exactly the way you want along with a Turnitin plagiarism report.
For more Information Contact us@ admin@writekraft.com
Or Call us @ 7753818181, 9838033084
www.writekraft.com
Research paper Writing [www.writekraft.com]
Writekraft Research & Publication LLP.
We are one of the leading PhD assistance company that deals in helping PhD scholars in their Thesis, Research paper writing and publication work. We are providing custom PhD Thesis written for you exactly the way you want along with a Turnitin plagiarism report.
For more Information Contact us@ admin@writekraft.com
Or Call us @ 7753818181, 9838033084
www.writekraft.com
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Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s Perspective
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
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Reviewing a journal article - Professor Jenny Rowley
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This document provides guidance for research students on peer reviewing for academic journals. It discusses the purpose and process of peer review, how to prepare for and conduct reviews, and key aspects to consider when writing a review. The peer review process involves submitting articles to journals to be evaluated by independent experts. Reviewers provide feedback to authors to improve their work and inform the editor's publication decision. The document reviews what peer review entails, its benefits for students, factors to consider before accepting a review invitation, typical review stages and formats, elements to address in a review, and how to evaluate example reviews. The overall aim is to encourage and support students' involvement in peer reviewing.WriteTEL: Session2
This document provides an overview of a workshop on planning academic papers. It discusses developing an outline for a paper, including typical sections like introduction, background, methodology, results, discussion and conclusions. Last sessions covered types of publications and what makes a good paper. This session will focus on paper structure and developing an outline, with tips like choosing a paper type, finding an example paper, and starting with a generic structure to customize. The goal is for participants to understand common paper elements and be able to start developing their own outline by the end of the workshop.
How to write great research papers
This document provides an outline for a seminar on writing research papers. The seminar aims to identify the essential components for planning and executing research writing assignments. By the end of the seminar, attendees will be able to identify the steps in the research paper writing process, access resources to help at various stages of writing, and use time management strategies to successfully complete a research paper. The outline then covers various aspects of the writing process such as selecting a topic, choosing a journal, developing the paper structure, issues of authorship, and key elements like the title, abstract, and keywords.
How to write a research paper?
These slides are related to our last event at the Sapienza University of Rome for the graduate students. Please follow our website: https://www.facebook.com/psa.sapienza
3. lecture 3 literature review & analytical framework development
This document provides guidance on conducting a literature review. It outlines the purpose of a literature review as demonstrating knowledge of current research and identifying gaps to justify new research. An effective literature review adopts a critical perspective, evaluates sources, and develops a clear argument through synthesis rather than just reporting on individual studies. It should draw from a wide range of academic literature and other sources, while avoiding plagiarism. The document provides tips for structuring, writing and referencing a literature review to meet assessment criteria.
Introduction for scintfic writing
This document provides an overview of scientific writing and research proposals. It discusses types of scientific publications such as journal articles, books, and conference posters. It emphasizes using clear, precise language and proper structure for scientific papers, including titles, introductions, methods, results, and references sections. The document also outlines the key elements of a good research proposal, such as stating the problem, reviewing previous literature, describing the methodology, presenting a timeline and budget, and listing references. Researchers are advised to write proposals that are coherent, informative, and clearly structured to convince readers of the significance and merit of the proposed research.
How toreadsciarticle
This document provides guidance on how to effectively read and understand a scientific article. It recommends skimming the article first to identify its structure, purpose, and key points. When reading, generate questions and draw inferences from prior knowledge. Take notes on important details like the hypothesis, methodology, results, and how the article relates to other works. Actively engaging with the text in this way facilitates better comprehension and recall of the scientific content.
Literature review belayet
This presentation has been made for those who intends to write their thesis or dissertation in the level of masters and Ph.D. I have done this only for the sake of Allah!
1Week 5Critiquing Research Articles to Prepare an Annotated B.docx
1
Week 5:Critiquing Research Articles to Prepare an Annotated Bibliography
As mentioned, one component of becoming an independent scholar is learning how to provide an evaluative critique of the work of other scholars. A critique of scholarly work requires your ability to use high level critical thinking skills. In addition, you must be able to write constructively and communicate your ideas well with clear and focused writing.
The purpose of this assignment is two-fold. First, you are to demonstrate your ability to clearly and precisely summarize and critically evaluate specific information from peer-reviewed resources. Secondly, you are to demonstrate your ability to clearly present that evaluative information in writing that meets academic and professional expectations. These skills will be invaluable as you go on to develop your literature review and in your journey to become an independent scholar.
The result of this activity is produce annotated bibliographies based on the two peer-reviewed journal articles related to your chosen topic (you are welcome to include more articles for practice and feedback). Use the sections and questions below to help you critique each article. You do not need to answer every single question as some questions might not apply. The questions are listed as a means to help you generate ideas as you work on critiquing each article. You might also consider using this template in the future when critically analyzing articles.
Please REMOVE the instructions and questions listed below for your paper and submit an annotated bibliography for each article.
Link to peer reviewed article one:
http://intqhc.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/6/341
1) APA reference for article #1
2)Introductionand core study elements
· Give an overview of the purpose of the study and the problem or issue discussed.
· Consider whether the problem is clearly described. Did the author(s) document and support the existence of the problem with scholarly sources and data? Were the sources credible and relevant (as defined by the readings you’ve done for this course)?
· What were the research questions?
· What were the key findings and conclusions of the study?
3) Evaluate literature reviewed
· Examine the literature reviewed by the author(s). How relevant is the) cited literature? Do certain ideas or concepts appear to be over/underemphasized? Was there any bias in language or tone of the writing? What discussions need elaboration or could be more concise? What is missing?
4) Evaluate theoretical framework
· What theoretical or conceptual framework was used as the basis for the study? What are the key variables and from which theories do they originate? Are variables well-defined? What alternative theories might support this study?
5) Evaluate methods
· What research method and designs are used in this study?
· How well are the methods described (could a reader duplicate the research process if needed)?
· Do the m ...
Research methods l1 3
This document outlines the steps for conducting a literature review. It begins by defining research and the objectives of research such as gaining new insights or testing hypotheses. It then discusses what a literature review is and its purpose of analyzing existing research. The main steps covered are establishing a research focus, identifying relevant search tools and terms, searching databases using operators and wildcards, organizing findings, determining relevant literature, and analyzing and summarizing the evidence into a report. Examples and exercises are provided to illustrate each step in the literature review process.
Scientific writing session 2
This session describes the method of assessing the quality of journal articles, evidence, and findings. A detailed description of IMRAD. Type of Gaps and gap analysis. And a practical session of analyzing gaps in secondary data and literature review.
Detailed outline of Research Proposal
The document provides an outline for writing a research proposal and report. It discusses the typical elements and structure, including:
1) Elements such as the title page, problem statement, objectives, literature review, methodology, and references.
2) Developing the proposal involves choosing a topic, formulating research questions, outlining literature, deciding on methods, and proposing timelines and resources.
3) Research proposals and reports generally have five chapters: introduction, literature review, methodology, analysis, and conclusions. Each chapter contains standard sections.
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How-to-read-a-scientific-paper.ppt
This document provides guidance on how to effectively read and understand a scientific paper. It recommends a 4-step process: 1) Skim the entire paper to understand its structure and conclusions. 2) Identify and look up any unfamiliar vocabulary. 3) Read each section in detail, taking notes to comprehend the introduction, methods, results and discussion. 4) Critically reflect on the paper's rationale, experiments, conclusions and implications for future research. Reading strategically and looking up details helps maximize learning and ability to evaluate the paper.
How to read a scientific paper By Kelly Hogan
This document provides guidance on how to effectively read and understand a scientific paper. It recommends a 4-step process: 1) Skim the entire paper to understand its structure and conclusions. 2) Identify and look up any unfamiliar vocabulary. 3) Read each section in detail, taking notes to comprehend the introduction, methods, results and discussion. 4) Critically reflect on the paper's rationale, experiments, conclusions and implications for future research. Reading strategically and looking up details helps ensure full understanding of the paper.
How-to-read-a-scientific-paper.ppt
This document provides guidance on how to effectively read and understand a scientific paper. It recommends a 4-step process: 1) Skim the entire paper to understand its structure and conclusions. 2) Identify and look up any unfamiliar vocabulary. 3) Read each section in detail, taking notes to comprehend the introduction, methods, results and discussion. 4) Critically reflect on the paper's rationale, experiments, conclusions and implications for future research. Reading strategically and looking up details helps maximize learning and ability to analyze new papers.
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Reading a paper 101.pdf Reading a paper 101.pdf
- 1. Reading a research paper 101 By: Nada Ali Omar IFMSA research trainer IFMSA-Egypt RSDD GA 23/24
- 2. Research put simply The process of systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of data to answer a question or to solve a problem. How to read research?
- 3. How to read research?
- 4. How to read research? Research articles; what are they?
- 5. So, now we’ve got a hand on a paper, what’s our first step? How to read research?
- 6. - Title - Authors - Abstract - Introduction - Methods - Results - Discussion - Acknowledgements - References - Patents - Contributions - IRB Statement - Funding - Informed Consent - Data Availability - Conflict of Interest The Main Sections of Manuscripts Optional Sections How to read research?
- 7. What do we want to get out of the paper? General Reader: Someone from another field (or from the general public) who wants to know what the study encomprises without getting to the nitty-gritty details. Speciality/Critical Reader: This is your field (be it you are a student or a professional in that field), and you want to know how to exactly replicate the study and to properly criticize it. This means you have to go through the details and actually understand what the paper means to the field. How to read research?
- 8. How to read research?
- 9. How to read research? The Journal Scimago [previously Scopus] Google Scholar metrics
- 10. How to read research? Impact Factors Impact Factors are used to measure the importance of a journal by calculating the number of times selected articles are cited within the last few years. The higher the impact factor, the more highly ranked the journal.
- 11. Open Access How to read research?
- 12. How to read research? Title & Types of papers Is the title relevant to me and what I’m looking for?
- 13. Types of articles ● Reviews ● Reports ● Primary research [Observational & Interventional] ● Systematic reviews & meta-analysis ● Letter to the author ● Editorial/ follow up study ● Conference report/abstract How to read research?
- 14. Authors First - last - corresponding Are they all the same? How to read research?
- 15. General Reader: Read the abstract only. Search for the background (and the gap the paper fills in the body of science), methods, results, and conclusion. Speciality/Critical Reader: Read the introduction first then the abstract. Answer two questions before you read the abstract like a general reader: (1) Why does this study exist? → The Problem (2) How does the genius who wrote the paper solve it? Abstract How to read research?
- 16. The Introduction Let’s get to know each other How to read research?
- 17. Like humans, papers have history, too - Methods Speciality/Critical Reader: (1) Are the methods new? If so, what are their essential features and their usage properties? Is there a totally new procedure involved? Know enough about it to be able to replicate it on your own! (2) Does the study apply to your patients? What are the characteristics of the study participants? (3) If applicable: How was the randomization and blinding made? What are the “expected” implications of using these methods on the results?
- 18. Results - What did the authors find? General Reader: Go for the data representation first (tables, graphs, drawings, etc.). What is the relation between the variables measured? What does that tell you? (Study Outcome) Speciality/Critical Reader: Identify the follow-up trends in the participant data. Are the negative trends justified by the authors? Could the study be improved to reduce dropouts? NOTE: The representations should give you a clear description of the study outcome. If not, look for it in the text and write it down (for the discussion).
- 19. The Discussion General Reader: You can skip the discussion if you are reading for interest. Though you might need to read it to benefit from the study. Cheat Tip: read the last paragraph of the discussion (aka the conclusion). Speciality/Critical Reader: Describe in detail the message of the paper (the answer to the question in the introduction), its critical assessment (evidence reliability, methods’ limitations, flaws, and validity assumptions), its comparison with other studies (justifications for inconsistencies), and what you concluded from the author’s efforts (including recommendations).
- 20. References & Citations Who did the authors get their data from to actually conduct the study? Identify the references and check them using the CRAAP criteria: (1) Currency (2) Relevance (3) Authority (4) Accuracy (5) Purpose
- 21. Beware the red flags: Don't get too carried away! Before you decide to use a paper, figure out if the paper has any common flaws, and look for any uncommon ones (relevant to your field or to the methods in use). The most common red flags are: (1) Missing elements of the sections (subsection, unclear descriptions, etc.) (2) Missing error bars or confidence intervals (3) Unmentioned Weaknesses (4) Research Misconduct (5) Author Agenda How to read research?
- 22. An easier way to do this.. Critical Appraisal