The document discusses the history and concept of Black August, which originated in California prisons in the 1970s. It commemorates significant events in August related to the Black liberation struggle, including attempts at liberation and sacrifices made by Black freedom fighters. Events chronicled include the deaths of Jonathan Jackson, George Jackson, and Jeffery Gualden in August 1970, 1971, and 1978 respectively. The document outlines the five tenets of the Black August program, which include fasting, abstaining from intoxicants, political/cultural study, and wearing a black armband as symbols of resistance and tribute to those who died fighting for Black liberation.
RBG on the History of Black August: Concept and ProgramRBG Communiversity
FROM RBG-BLACK PANTHER PARTY HISTORICAL-POLITICAL STUDIES COLLECTION http://www.scribd.com/collections/3699837/RBG-BLACK-PANTHER-PARTY-HISTORICAL-POLITICAL-STUDIES-COLLECTION
1) A thank you letter from Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. to Irving Wolfe was recently discovered. In the letter, King expresses how important Wolfe's donation of $567.56 to the Southern Christian Leadership Conference was for supporting their efforts to end discrimination.
2) The letter shows King's character in how he took the time to detail how donations like Wolfe's provided moral and financial support that was critical for their goals of full integration and justice.
3) Discovering real letters from important historical figures like King helps bring history to life.
Labor history, vol. 44, no. 3, 2003 sentinels for new southRIYAN43
This document summarizes an academic article about Booker T. Washington's views on black industrial accommodation in the Jim Crow South. It discusses how Washington argued that black leaders acted as "sentinels" to keep black workers content under the segregated system. However, the document questions whether this understates tensions between black elites and workers, and suggests accommodation primarily served the interests of white industrialists who wanted a docile black workforce to industrialize the post-Civil War South. It examines how industrialists saw cheap black labor as key to economic growth but also wanted it to remain non-unionized and politically powerless.
Late 1940s literature saw a boom in book sales, with non-fiction novels about WWII thriving and most fiction exploring the postwar society. Notable works included Dr. Spock's Commonsense Book of Baby and Child Care and Shirley Jackson's The Lottery. The 1950s saw a rise in science fiction and novels examining the conflict between individuals and conformity. The 1960s reflected political and social issues like the civil rights movement in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird. Literature in the 1970s explored a society drifting from spiritual roots, while the 1980s saw the rise of popular non-fiction bestsellers. Overall, American literature reflected the themes and culture of its time period.
During World War 2, racism emerged between Americans and Japanese. The Japanese were viewed as sub-human and dehumanized. They were imprisoned and stereotyped. Stereotypes portrayed Japanese as small, primitive, childish and crazy. Both Americans and Japanese felt they had to dehumanize the enemy to make killing them easier. Racial tensions rose in the US as whites targeted Japanese with signs calling for them to be hunted. It took the entire war and more to reduce the stereotypes between Americans and Japanese.
The document summarizes methods used by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust to persecute and murder millions of Jews and other minority groups. It describes how victims were killed through asphyxiation with poison gas, shooting, or being burned alive. Concentration camp conditions involved little food or water, overcrowded barracks, and cruel treatment of prisoners. Doctors performed live dissections and experiments on inmates. The purpose was to systematically exterminate victims in horrific ways.
WWII - Anti-Japanese Sentiment and Propagandatimothyjgraham
This document summarizes a survey of college freshmen's knowledge of WWII and perceptions of the Japanese. It found that most students could not name key Allied leaders or battles. It also discusses how wartime propaganda dehumanized Japanese people and led many Americans to view them as treacherous, warlike, and subhuman. The internment of Japanese Americans is also covered.
RBG on the History of Black August: Concept and ProgramRBG Communiversity
FROM RBG-BLACK PANTHER PARTY HISTORICAL-POLITICAL STUDIES COLLECTION http://www.scribd.com/collections/3699837/RBG-BLACK-PANTHER-PARTY-HISTORICAL-POLITICAL-STUDIES-COLLECTION
1) A thank you letter from Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. to Irving Wolfe was recently discovered. In the letter, King expresses how important Wolfe's donation of $567.56 to the Southern Christian Leadership Conference was for supporting their efforts to end discrimination.
2) The letter shows King's character in how he took the time to detail how donations like Wolfe's provided moral and financial support that was critical for their goals of full integration and justice.
3) Discovering real letters from important historical figures like King helps bring history to life.
Labor history, vol. 44, no. 3, 2003 sentinels for new southRIYAN43
This document summarizes an academic article about Booker T. Washington's views on black industrial accommodation in the Jim Crow South. It discusses how Washington argued that black leaders acted as "sentinels" to keep black workers content under the segregated system. However, the document questions whether this understates tensions between black elites and workers, and suggests accommodation primarily served the interests of white industrialists who wanted a docile black workforce to industrialize the post-Civil War South. It examines how industrialists saw cheap black labor as key to economic growth but also wanted it to remain non-unionized and politically powerless.
Late 1940s literature saw a boom in book sales, with non-fiction novels about WWII thriving and most fiction exploring the postwar society. Notable works included Dr. Spock's Commonsense Book of Baby and Child Care and Shirley Jackson's The Lottery. The 1950s saw a rise in science fiction and novels examining the conflict between individuals and conformity. The 1960s reflected political and social issues like the civil rights movement in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird. Literature in the 1970s explored a society drifting from spiritual roots, while the 1980s saw the rise of popular non-fiction bestsellers. Overall, American literature reflected the themes and culture of its time period.
During World War 2, racism emerged between Americans and Japanese. The Japanese were viewed as sub-human and dehumanized. They were imprisoned and stereotyped. Stereotypes portrayed Japanese as small, primitive, childish and crazy. Both Americans and Japanese felt they had to dehumanize the enemy to make killing them easier. Racial tensions rose in the US as whites targeted Japanese with signs calling for them to be hunted. It took the entire war and more to reduce the stereotypes between Americans and Japanese.
The document summarizes methods used by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust to persecute and murder millions of Jews and other minority groups. It describes how victims were killed through asphyxiation with poison gas, shooting, or being burned alive. Concentration camp conditions involved little food or water, overcrowded barracks, and cruel treatment of prisoners. Doctors performed live dissections and experiments on inmates. The purpose was to systematically exterminate victims in horrific ways.
WWII - Anti-Japanese Sentiment and Propagandatimothyjgraham
This document summarizes a survey of college freshmen's knowledge of WWII and perceptions of the Japanese. It found that most students could not name key Allied leaders or battles. It also discusses how wartime propaganda dehumanized Japanese people and led many Americans to view them as treacherous, warlike, and subhuman. The internment of Japanese Americans is also covered.
Anti Japanese Sentiment and Propaganda in WWIItimothyjgraham
During WWII, many Americans lacked basic knowledge about key aspects of the war. Most could not name the Allied countries, years of the war, or the US President at the time. Public perceptions of Japanese and Germans as enemies differed, with the Japanese often viewed as treacherous, warlike, and even subhuman. This contributed to the internment of over 100,000 Japanese Americans in camps during the war.
Booker T Washington’s autobiography, Up From Slavery, offers an interesting glimpse in what it was like to be born a slave, live through the tumultuous Civil War era, and as a young man to experience the consequences blacks faced with the end of Reconstruction when the Ku Klux Klan night-riders enslaved the former black slaves anew through terror by lynching them, burning their bodies and their farm and their churches, suppressing them and denying them justice, even denying them the ability to defend themselves in daylight through the courts.
Booker T Washington gives us a fascinating look into another world in another time, he goes from being an illiterate slave to running a major college, fund raising and socializing with the most powerful and wealth businessmen and philanthropists of his day.
Please also read our other blogs on civil rights and the Civil War and Reconstruction, which also include the videos from Yale lecture series mentioned in the video. These blogs have the links for the Yale lectures and also class notes and transcripts:
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/category/civil-rights/
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/category/civil-war-and-reconstruction/
We also refer to writings of Epictetus, who was a former slave of a former slave, in this video:
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/epictetus-discourses-blog-1/
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/epictetus-discourses-blog-2/
And the blogs for both Epictetus and Rufus:
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/category/epictetus-and-rufus/
Please support our channel when purchasing these books from Amazon:
Booker T. Washington's Up From Slavery and The Life of Frederick Douglass
https://amzn.to/3ja2ITo
This document discusses depictions of Jesus Christ as a socialist or political agitator in early 20th century American literature and folk music. It focuses on the character of Jim Casy in John Steinbeck's novel The Grapes of Wrath, who is portrayed as a Christ-like figure working to advocate for migrant workers' rights, and is ultimately killed for his activism. The document also discusses similar portrayals of Jesus in the works of poet Woody Guthrie, arguing these works presented an alternative "folk christology" that saw Jesus as fighting for economic justice alongside the poor and oppressed.
Arabs And Israel Conflict Or Conciliation (Ahmed Deedat)zakir2012
This document summarizes a debate between the author and Dr. E. Lottem in 1982 on the topic of "Arabs and Israel - Conflict or Conciliation?". The debate took place at the University of Natal in South Africa. The author agreed to the topic proposed by the Jewish students, knowing there were advantages and disadvantages to whichever side was chosen. The debate was a success and videotaped, with both sides fielding questions afterwards. At the end, Dr. Lottem privately told the author that the real drivers of conflict in Palestine were Christians waiting for an "Armageddon" to hasten the second coming of Christ.
Brainwashing in red_china-the_calculated_destruction_of_mens_minds-edward_hun...RareBooksnRecords
The document describes techniques used by Communist China to "brainwash" citizens and reshape their thoughts. It discusses how China has taken psychological warfare to an unprecedented scale, using misapplied psychology and distorted propaganda to make Chinese people accept only the Communist party line. The book provides specific accounts from people who experienced thought reform in Chinese indoctrination schools, and describes how China directs a pervasive campaign of hatred towards the West, especially America. It reveals the new and terrifying extremes that China uses in its psychological warfare against free thought and individualism.
The document summarizes the roles of women in the U.S. military during World War II. It discusses how Congresswoman Edith Rogers proposed forming a women's army corps to free up men for combat roles. This led to the formation of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) in 1942 to allow women to serve in non-combat positions like typists and clerks. It also describes the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) who ferried military aircraft and the Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES) naval reserve, showing how women contributed to the war effort.
This document summarizes gender discrimination experienced by women in the WAVES (Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service in the Navy) and WASPS (Women Airforce Service Pilots) during World War II. It provides historical context on women's roles expanding during the war to support the war effort. While opportunities increased, these women still faced significant discrimination and barriers. Their roles were often designed around replacing men rather than utilizing their own skills. They encountered skepticism and a need to constantly prove themselves from their male counterparts. Despite facing gender inequality, some women were oblivious to it or focused on contributing to the war effort. The document examines experiences of individual women in their own words to illustrate the discrimination they faced. It also outlines
Dr. Michael J. O’Connell noted, Nelson Mandela was an effective revolutionary, perhaps even great. He spent nearly a third of his life in prison for the cause of destroying apartheid. This has the face of a noble cause versus an entirely ignoble system of racial inequality.
The document provides information on various topics covered in the Spring 2017 issue of Global Eyes Magazine, including a profile of a Nigerian baker in Winnipeg, Black History Month events, and new Nigerian immigration regulations aimed at consolidating existing rules and facilitating business. It also announces volunteer opportunities with Folklorama, and previews films featured at the Manitoba Association for Rights and Liberties film festival focusing on indigenous and human rights issues. A range of community news, events, and stories are advertised throughout the issue.
1) The document provides summaries of various events from the 1980s, including the eruption of Mt. St. Helens in 1980, the "Miracle on Ice" at the 1980 Olympics, and the death of John Lennon in 1980.
2) It also summarizes the establishment of MTV in 1982, the Iran-Contra affair of the 1980s, the assassination attempt on Ronald Reagan in 1981, and the last Soviet troops leaving Afghanistan in 1989.
3) The summaries cover a wide range of topics from politics, entertainment, sports, and technology during this decade.
This document provides a summary of a thesis paper written by Matthew Woods about the mindset of runaway slaves during the American Civil War from 1861-1865. It discusses how some slaves took the war as an opportunity to escape toward Union lines, while others had their relationships with owners changed by the war. It explores ways that slaves resisted, such as participating in the Underground Railroad or impersonating free papers. It argues that while many slaves were born into slavery in the U.S., the Civil War provided a key distraction that some slaves saw as their chance to gain freedom by escaping to Union soldiers.
The document profiles several influential historical figures from the 20th century including leaders, revolutionaries, and activists. It provides brief biographies on important individuals such as David Ben-Gurion, Winston Churchill, Mohandas Gandhi, Mikhail Gorbachev, Adolf Hitler, Martin Luther King Jr., Ayatullah Khomeini, Vladimir Lenin, Nelson Mandela, Pope John Paul II, Ronald Reagan, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Teddy Roosevelt, Margaret Thatcher, Lech Walesa, Mao Zedong, and others. It also includes definitions of relevant terms and concepts mentioned in the biographies. The document concludes by proposing an assignment to create a powerpoint on the most influential people of a particular group from
This document provides the text of Robert F. Kennedy's speech delivered in Indianapolis on April 4, 1968 upon learning of Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination. In the speech, RFK informs the crowd of King's death and calls for unity, nonviolence, and understanding between all people. He urges the crowd to follow King's message of love and justice. The speech is credited with helping prevent violence and riots in Indianapolis when other cities erupted after King's death.
This document summarizes forms of resistance by slaves in the Antebellum period, including rebellions, running away, and day-to-day acts of resistance. It discusses the reasons slaves resisted, such as escaping harsh treatment or reuniting with family members. It describes different types of resistance like feigning illness, slowing work, or arson. It also discusses the experiences of runaway slaves and the dangers they faced if captured. The general strain theory is presented as a framework for understanding how the strains of slavery led slaves to develop coping strategies of resistance.
The document provides summaries of various events that occurred during the 1980s. It discusses the eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980, the U.S. hockey team's upset victory over Russia in the 1980 Olympics, the death of musician John Lennon in 1980 after being shot, and Sandra Day O'Connor becoming the first female Supreme Court justice after being appointed by President Reagan in 1981. It also summarizes the Iran-Contra affair between 1983-1988, the attempted assassination of President Reagan in 1981, and Michael Jackson's influential music video for "Thriller" released in 1983.
MCSS 2018 "When Words Fail: Teaching War on a Human Scale"mshomakerteach
How do students define war? How do adolescents understand the complexities of war? This session, presented at the Missouri Council for the Social Studies, seeks to answer those questions, as well as pose possibilities for teachers to incorporate a broader view of war into their curriculums without relying solely on military history.
Then and now: Proletarian Internationalism and Friends of Socialist ChinaCarlos Martinez
Presentation given at the Fifteenth Forum of the World Association for Political Economy (18-19 December 2021) on the history of the Western left's solidarity with the Chinese Revolution and the People's Republic of China.
This document provides information about various people, events, and terms in multiple choice questions. Some key details include:
- Question 1 refers to the Wheel of Fortune, a concept in ancient philosophy referring to the capricious nature of fate.
- Question 2 refers to Einstein, who was so well known that people would stop him on the street to ask about his theories.
- Question 30 refers to people who oppose vaccination, calling them "anti-vaxxers".
- Question 32 refers to the movie Malcolm X in Selma, about the African American civil rights leader Malcolm X.
The document tests knowledge across many topics in a multiple choice quiz format.
El documento clasifica las partes de la oración en varias categorías. Detalla los tipos de sustantivos, adjetivos, determinantes y pronombres, dividiéndolos en grupos como comunes y propios, concretos y abstractos, individuales y colectivos, entre otros. Además, identifica los diferentes tipos dentro de cada categoría gramatical como artículos, demostrativos, posesivos, numerales e indefinidos.
El cambio necesario la tecnología como elemento transformador de la administr...Pepe Roldán
El uso de la tencología como elemento de rtansfomración para provocar y apoyar el cmabio organizativo en la administración pública. El caso de la Diputación de Córdoba y su empresa pública de informática (EPRINSA)
Este documento presenta la metodología de trabajo para crear un plan de marketing. Comienza explicando por qué es importante tener un plan de marketing que guíe las decisiones estratégicas de una empresa. Luego describe las 4 fases del proceso: análisis, definición de la estrategia, desarrollo táctico y ejecución operativa. Cada fase involucra analizar factores internos y externos, establecer objetivos, alinear el marketing mix a la estrategia y hacer seguimiento. El plan final ayuda a una empresa a ser coher
Anti Japanese Sentiment and Propaganda in WWIItimothyjgraham
During WWII, many Americans lacked basic knowledge about key aspects of the war. Most could not name the Allied countries, years of the war, or the US President at the time. Public perceptions of Japanese and Germans as enemies differed, with the Japanese often viewed as treacherous, warlike, and even subhuman. This contributed to the internment of over 100,000 Japanese Americans in camps during the war.
Booker T Washington’s autobiography, Up From Slavery, offers an interesting glimpse in what it was like to be born a slave, live through the tumultuous Civil War era, and as a young man to experience the consequences blacks faced with the end of Reconstruction when the Ku Klux Klan night-riders enslaved the former black slaves anew through terror by lynching them, burning their bodies and their farm and their churches, suppressing them and denying them justice, even denying them the ability to defend themselves in daylight through the courts.
Booker T Washington gives us a fascinating look into another world in another time, he goes from being an illiterate slave to running a major college, fund raising and socializing with the most powerful and wealth businessmen and philanthropists of his day.
Please also read our other blogs on civil rights and the Civil War and Reconstruction, which also include the videos from Yale lecture series mentioned in the video. These blogs have the links for the Yale lectures and also class notes and transcripts:
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/category/civil-rights/
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/category/civil-war-and-reconstruction/
We also refer to writings of Epictetus, who was a former slave of a former slave, in this video:
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/epictetus-discourses-blog-1/
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/epictetus-discourses-blog-2/
And the blogs for both Epictetus and Rufus:
http://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com/category/epictetus-and-rufus/
Please support our channel when purchasing these books from Amazon:
Booker T. Washington's Up From Slavery and The Life of Frederick Douglass
https://amzn.to/3ja2ITo
This document discusses depictions of Jesus Christ as a socialist or political agitator in early 20th century American literature and folk music. It focuses on the character of Jim Casy in John Steinbeck's novel The Grapes of Wrath, who is portrayed as a Christ-like figure working to advocate for migrant workers' rights, and is ultimately killed for his activism. The document also discusses similar portrayals of Jesus in the works of poet Woody Guthrie, arguing these works presented an alternative "folk christology" that saw Jesus as fighting for economic justice alongside the poor and oppressed.
Arabs And Israel Conflict Or Conciliation (Ahmed Deedat)zakir2012
This document summarizes a debate between the author and Dr. E. Lottem in 1982 on the topic of "Arabs and Israel - Conflict or Conciliation?". The debate took place at the University of Natal in South Africa. The author agreed to the topic proposed by the Jewish students, knowing there were advantages and disadvantages to whichever side was chosen. The debate was a success and videotaped, with both sides fielding questions afterwards. At the end, Dr. Lottem privately told the author that the real drivers of conflict in Palestine were Christians waiting for an "Armageddon" to hasten the second coming of Christ.
Brainwashing in red_china-the_calculated_destruction_of_mens_minds-edward_hun...RareBooksnRecords
The document describes techniques used by Communist China to "brainwash" citizens and reshape their thoughts. It discusses how China has taken psychological warfare to an unprecedented scale, using misapplied psychology and distorted propaganda to make Chinese people accept only the Communist party line. The book provides specific accounts from people who experienced thought reform in Chinese indoctrination schools, and describes how China directs a pervasive campaign of hatred towards the West, especially America. It reveals the new and terrifying extremes that China uses in its psychological warfare against free thought and individualism.
The document summarizes the roles of women in the U.S. military during World War II. It discusses how Congresswoman Edith Rogers proposed forming a women's army corps to free up men for combat roles. This led to the formation of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) in 1942 to allow women to serve in non-combat positions like typists and clerks. It also describes the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) who ferried military aircraft and the Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES) naval reserve, showing how women contributed to the war effort.
This document summarizes gender discrimination experienced by women in the WAVES (Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service in the Navy) and WASPS (Women Airforce Service Pilots) during World War II. It provides historical context on women's roles expanding during the war to support the war effort. While opportunities increased, these women still faced significant discrimination and barriers. Their roles were often designed around replacing men rather than utilizing their own skills. They encountered skepticism and a need to constantly prove themselves from their male counterparts. Despite facing gender inequality, some women were oblivious to it or focused on contributing to the war effort. The document examines experiences of individual women in their own words to illustrate the discrimination they faced. It also outlines
Dr. Michael J. O’Connell noted, Nelson Mandela was an effective revolutionary, perhaps even great. He spent nearly a third of his life in prison for the cause of destroying apartheid. This has the face of a noble cause versus an entirely ignoble system of racial inequality.
The document provides information on various topics covered in the Spring 2017 issue of Global Eyes Magazine, including a profile of a Nigerian baker in Winnipeg, Black History Month events, and new Nigerian immigration regulations aimed at consolidating existing rules and facilitating business. It also announces volunteer opportunities with Folklorama, and previews films featured at the Manitoba Association for Rights and Liberties film festival focusing on indigenous and human rights issues. A range of community news, events, and stories are advertised throughout the issue.
1) The document provides summaries of various events from the 1980s, including the eruption of Mt. St. Helens in 1980, the "Miracle on Ice" at the 1980 Olympics, and the death of John Lennon in 1980.
2) It also summarizes the establishment of MTV in 1982, the Iran-Contra affair of the 1980s, the assassination attempt on Ronald Reagan in 1981, and the last Soviet troops leaving Afghanistan in 1989.
3) The summaries cover a wide range of topics from politics, entertainment, sports, and technology during this decade.
This document provides a summary of a thesis paper written by Matthew Woods about the mindset of runaway slaves during the American Civil War from 1861-1865. It discusses how some slaves took the war as an opportunity to escape toward Union lines, while others had their relationships with owners changed by the war. It explores ways that slaves resisted, such as participating in the Underground Railroad or impersonating free papers. It argues that while many slaves were born into slavery in the U.S., the Civil War provided a key distraction that some slaves saw as their chance to gain freedom by escaping to Union soldiers.
The document profiles several influential historical figures from the 20th century including leaders, revolutionaries, and activists. It provides brief biographies on important individuals such as David Ben-Gurion, Winston Churchill, Mohandas Gandhi, Mikhail Gorbachev, Adolf Hitler, Martin Luther King Jr., Ayatullah Khomeini, Vladimir Lenin, Nelson Mandela, Pope John Paul II, Ronald Reagan, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Teddy Roosevelt, Margaret Thatcher, Lech Walesa, Mao Zedong, and others. It also includes definitions of relevant terms and concepts mentioned in the biographies. The document concludes by proposing an assignment to create a powerpoint on the most influential people of a particular group from
This document provides the text of Robert F. Kennedy's speech delivered in Indianapolis on April 4, 1968 upon learning of Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination. In the speech, RFK informs the crowd of King's death and calls for unity, nonviolence, and understanding between all people. He urges the crowd to follow King's message of love and justice. The speech is credited with helping prevent violence and riots in Indianapolis when other cities erupted after King's death.
This document summarizes forms of resistance by slaves in the Antebellum period, including rebellions, running away, and day-to-day acts of resistance. It discusses the reasons slaves resisted, such as escaping harsh treatment or reuniting with family members. It describes different types of resistance like feigning illness, slowing work, or arson. It also discusses the experiences of runaway slaves and the dangers they faced if captured. The general strain theory is presented as a framework for understanding how the strains of slavery led slaves to develop coping strategies of resistance.
The document provides summaries of various events that occurred during the 1980s. It discusses the eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980, the U.S. hockey team's upset victory over Russia in the 1980 Olympics, the death of musician John Lennon in 1980 after being shot, and Sandra Day O'Connor becoming the first female Supreme Court justice after being appointed by President Reagan in 1981. It also summarizes the Iran-Contra affair between 1983-1988, the attempted assassination of President Reagan in 1981, and Michael Jackson's influential music video for "Thriller" released in 1983.
MCSS 2018 "When Words Fail: Teaching War on a Human Scale"mshomakerteach
How do students define war? How do adolescents understand the complexities of war? This session, presented at the Missouri Council for the Social Studies, seeks to answer those questions, as well as pose possibilities for teachers to incorporate a broader view of war into their curriculums without relying solely on military history.
Then and now: Proletarian Internationalism and Friends of Socialist ChinaCarlos Martinez
Presentation given at the Fifteenth Forum of the World Association for Political Economy (18-19 December 2021) on the history of the Western left's solidarity with the Chinese Revolution and the People's Republic of China.
This document provides information about various people, events, and terms in multiple choice questions. Some key details include:
- Question 1 refers to the Wheel of Fortune, a concept in ancient philosophy referring to the capricious nature of fate.
- Question 2 refers to Einstein, who was so well known that people would stop him on the street to ask about his theories.
- Question 30 refers to people who oppose vaccination, calling them "anti-vaxxers".
- Question 32 refers to the movie Malcolm X in Selma, about the African American civil rights leader Malcolm X.
The document tests knowledge across many topics in a multiple choice quiz format.
El documento clasifica las partes de la oración en varias categorías. Detalla los tipos de sustantivos, adjetivos, determinantes y pronombres, dividiéndolos en grupos como comunes y propios, concretos y abstractos, individuales y colectivos, entre otros. Además, identifica los diferentes tipos dentro de cada categoría gramatical como artículos, demostrativos, posesivos, numerales e indefinidos.
El cambio necesario la tecnología como elemento transformador de la administr...Pepe Roldán
El uso de la tencología como elemento de rtansfomración para provocar y apoyar el cmabio organizativo en la administración pública. El caso de la Diputación de Córdoba y su empresa pública de informática (EPRINSA)
Este documento presenta la metodología de trabajo para crear un plan de marketing. Comienza explicando por qué es importante tener un plan de marketing que guíe las decisiones estratégicas de una empresa. Luego describe las 4 fases del proceso: análisis, definición de la estrategia, desarrollo táctico y ejecución operativa. Cada fase involucra analizar factores internos y externos, establecer objetivos, alinear el marketing mix a la estrategia y hacer seguimiento. El plan final ayuda a una empresa a ser coher
Alumnos del Conservatorio de Música de Bahía Blanca visitaron un hospital para rendir su final de cátedra, tocando música para los pacientes en sus camas y llenando de emoción a quienes los escucharon en los pasillos. Su presentación musical logró conmover a los presentes de una manera que las palabras a veces no pueden.
O documento discute sete elementos essenciais para equipes de alto desempenho: 1) Comprometimento com objetivos claros e valores compartilhados; 2) Contribuição equilibrada de membros através de inclusão, confiança e capacitação; 3) Comunicação aberta e positiva; 4) Cooperação através de acompanhamento, precisão e criatividade; 5) Gestão efetiva de conflitos mudando paradigmas; 6) Gestão de mudanças respondendo a oportunidades; 7) Liderança fornecendo segurança e
El documento habla sobre el uso de software libre en el gobierno y sobre un hacker británico que ingresó ilegalmente a las redes del Pentágono, la NASA y el ejército de EEUU. El software libre como Linux reduce los costos para las instituciones públicas. Gary McKinnon está acusado de hackear 100 sitios gubernamentales y militares de EEUU y podría enfrentar 70 años de prisión.
1) O documento discute os tipos primitivos de dados suportados pela linguagem C, incluindo constantes, variáveis, operadores e declarações.
2) É destacado que o C diferencia maiúsculas de minúsculas e os principais tipos de dados como char, int, float e double são explicados.
3) São apresentados exemplos de como declarar e inicializar variáveis em C e os operadores aritméticos básicos da linguagem.
XV Coloquio 2009 / El perfil del profesional de la información ante el reto d...USB REBIUdeG
El documento discute los retos que enfrentan los profesionales de la información en la era digital, incluyendo nuevos ámbitos de trabajo, evolución de competencias, tipos de documentos, necesidad de capacitación continua y nuevas figuras profesionales para el siglo XXI.
La carrera de Juan de Dios ha sido injusta. Ha trabajado duro toda su vida pero no ha tenido las mismas oportunidades que otros. A pesar de sus esfuerzos, todavía lucha por ganar lo suficiente para mantener a su familia.
El documento presenta información sobre varias regiones y ciudades de España, incluyendo la región de Murcia, su catedral, teatro y fiestas tradicionales como el Bando de la Huerta y el Entierro de la Sardina. Luego describe a la Comunidad Valenciana, con detalles sobre Valencia como las Fallas, su catedral, teatro y Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias. Finalmente menciona brevemente las Islas Baleares.
O documento discute a aplicação do Revenue Management (RM) em diferentes setores como hotelaria, transporte e serviços. Ele explica que o RM é uma filosofia de gestão analítica que requer prática diária e envolvimento de toda a equipe para definir preços dinâmicos com base nas análises de mercado e demanda. O curso da consultoria ensina os princípios e técnicas do RM para melhorar a receita das empresas.
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This document provides information about Black History Month, which is celebrated in February in the United States and Canada and in October in the United Kingdom. It began as Negro History Week in 1926 to honor important African Americans like Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass. Black History Month aims to remember influential people and events in the history of black communities. Facts are presented about the slave trade, difficulties black people faced after slavery, and the Civil Rights Movement that fought against racial discrimination and injustice. Resources for further learning about African American history are also listed.
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The Iron Guard was a fascist political movement and paramilitary organization in Romania between the two world wars. Its members wore green uniforms as a symbol of renewal and greeted each other with the Roman salute. The main symbol of the Iron Guard was a triple cross representing prison bars as a badge of martyrdom, sometimes called the Archangel Michael Cross.
The new Jim Crow(Alexander pp 95-120) The thought of ma.docxoreo10
The new Jim Crow(Alexander pp 95-120)
The thought of mass incarceration and crime has been directly associated with being black.
Being black was somehow linked to being a criminal, a potential criminal or a drug dealer
educated, or not all black people were covered with this blanket of judgment. White ex-convicts
had a better chance at rebuilding their lives when out of prison than the blacks since no matter
what they did or how they changed they were still viewed as a criminal and faced all sorts of
challenges one being stigmatization. It seemed to be that whiteness mitigates crime and
blackness define crime. Black youth faced a myriad of challenges because of their skin color;
they were considered suspects, detained, exclusion from employment and housing, denial of
educational opportunity, and some were pushed out of schools through racial bias school
policies. For the black youth, their first arrest or interrogation was like a rite of passage since it
was considered as being ‘made black.' Mass incarceration, however, shouldn’t be considered as
the new Jim Crow since the two are said to have a number of differences to them. Mass
incarceration like Jim Crow was both as a result of racial opportunism, individuals and
institutions such as the legal system took advantage of the racism factor and, as a result bent over
sideways and turning a blind eye to the fact that the blacks were most affected by the mass
incarceration, the blanket judgment of all blacks as criminals justified the incarceration. The Jim
Crow era believed that African Americans were morally and intellectually inferior and seen to be
slaves and could not be considered equal to whites in any way. Mass incarceration like any other
caste system has been supported primarily by racism, the lack of care for people of other races.
Incarceration in the article has been attributed to a number of things; such as racial bias and
discrimination, politics of respectability has been widely adopted such that for the blacks to be
considered equal then they must prove it by getting an education and working hard and having
equally influential jobs, and this has caused the ‘successful’ blacks to shun their fellow blacks
who are poor and cannot afford an education as them. The politics of respectability does not take
away the blanket of judgment from the blacks and does not solve the mass incarceration it does
not end the racism. Civil rights groups have also fallen victim to the politics of respectability by
only telling stories of racial injustice that evoke the sympathy of the whites clearly distancing
themselves from those convicted and stigmatized daring not to step outside their comfort zone
and ruffle feathers. All in all, the main issue is not about the race of the people standing, seating
or living next to us or working with or for us it all boils down to caring for all the people we see
regardless of their race once we care ...
Black History Importance Essay
African American History Essay
african american leaders Essay
Essay On Black History Month
Essay On Black Experience
Black History Month Essay
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RBG On the History of Black August with Concept and Program-IN COMMEMORATION OF BLK AUG 2011
1. The History of Black August
Concept and Program
Document created by dr_imhotep unsolicited in Support of the Black August Organizing Committee
http://www.dragonspeaks.org/
Black August originated in the California penal system in the 1970s. Many significant events in the New Afrikan
Nation’s struggle for justice and liberation have occurred in August. The commemoration of Black August particularly
hails the advances and sacrifices of Black Freedom Fighters. Please join me in learning about the History of the Black
August Concept and Program. And, most importantly, join us in supporting Our 2011 Black August Commemoration.
2. Page 1 of 13 READ, STUDY, SHARE AND DOWNLOAD
History of Black August Concept and Program
Artworks by Rashid
Play- Black August Special-4 Hour Audio
Part of RBG Blakademics Revolutionary
Studies 101 Audio Series
Aired wkpf Sat Aug. 26, 2006 mp3 Show
“The month of August gained special
significance and importance in the Black
Liberation Movement beginning with a
courageous attempt by Jonathan Jackson
to demand the freedom of political
prisoners / prisoners of war which the
Soledad Brothers’ case were the center of
attention”
We call ourselves New Afrikan because of the degree of force breeding and miscegenation we as a people have
suffered, as well the cultural imperialism and the psychological plunder and rape of our affinity to Afrika, stripping
away our Afrikan language, art and world outlook. And national oppression, which in our efforts to combat, has
created a national heritage rich in resistance based on the two ideals of integration and separation. These
experiences which have left us stripped of our Afrikanist perspective, and despite miscegenation and cultural
imperialism, culminated into an Afrikan national heritage in the Diaspora, creating the New Afrikan Independence
Movement.”
From:
RBG Frolinan-Suitable for Print & Distribution Version
RBG Communiversity National Strategy of the Front for the Liberation of the New Afrikan Nation
The History of Black August Concept and Program
3. Page 2 of 13 READ, STUDY, SHARE AND DOWNLOAD
On August 7, 1970 Jonathan Jackson, William Christmas, James
McClain, and Ruchell Magee were gunned down at the Marin County
Courthouse. Ruchell Cinque Magee remains the sole survivor of that bid
for liberation; he also remains a POW at Folsom prison doing life.
Though this rebellion was put down by gory pigs and their agents it was
internalized within the hearts and minds of the people on the outside in
the larger prison as well as those in the concentration camps (prison),
internalized in the same fashion as we honor other heroic African
Freedom Fighters, who sacrificed their lives for the people and the
More 2006 Classic liberation.
From Voxunion You Tube
On August 21, 1971, almost exactly
a year following the slave rebellion
at Marin County Courthouse, George
L. Jackson (older brother of
Jonathan Jackson as well as one of
the Soledad Brothers) whose
Black August 2006 (part 1)
freedom was the primary demand of
the Marin rebellion, was assassinated
at San Quentin prison in an alleged
escape put forth by prison
administration and the state to cover
its conspiracy. Comrade George
Jackson was a highly respected and
Black August 2006 (part 2) purposely influential leader in the
Revolutionary Prison Movement.
Jackson was also very popular
beyond prison, not only because he was a Soledad Brother, but also because
of the book he authored appropriately entitled “Soledad Brother.”
Black August 2006 (part 3)
Black August 2006 (part 4)
Black August 2006 (part 5)
The History of Black August Concept and Program
4. Page 3 of 13 READ, STUDY, SHARE AND DOWNLOAD
This book not only revealed to the public the inhumane and
degrading conditions in prison, he more importantly, correctly
pointed to the real cause of those effects in prison as well as in
society, a decadent Capitalist system that breeds off racism and
oppression.
On August 1, 1978 brother Jeffery “Khatari” Gualden, a Black
Freedom Fighter and Prisoner of War, captured within the walls
of San Quentin was a victim of a blatant assassination by
capitalist-corporate medical politics. Khatari was another
popular and influential leader in the Revolutionary Prison
Movement.
An important note must be added here and that is, the Black
August Concept and Movement that it is part of and helping to
build is not limited to our sisters and brothers that are currently
captured in the various prison Kamps throughout California. Yet
without a doubt it is inclusive of these sisters and brothers and
moving toward a better understanding of the nature and
relationship of prison to oppressed and colonized people.
So it should be clearly understood that Black August is a reflection and commemoration of
history; of those heroic partisans and leaders that realistically made it possible for us to survive
and advance to our present level of liberation struggle. People such as: Nat Turner, Harriet
Tubman, Gabril Prosser, Frederick Douglas, W.E. DuBois, Marcus Garvey, Paul Roberson, Rosa
Parks, M.L. King, Malcolm X, and numerous others in our more contemporary period. It must be
further clarified that when we speak of “Culture Development,” we are not advocating Cultural
Nationalism and/or merely talking about adopting African names, jewellery, dashikis, etc.
The History of Black August Concept and Program
5. Page 4 of 13 READ, STUDY, SHARE AND DOWNLOAD
Our primary interest lies not only in where we came from, but the nature of “WHY” we were
forcefully brought here, understanding the character of “CONTINUOUS” struggle with the
recognition that it is a Protracted struggle and developing the necessary lifestyles to guarantee its
success
The History of Black August Concept and Program
6. Page 5 of 13 READ, STUDY, SHARE AND DOWNLOAD
Historical Events Chronology (abridged)
August 20, 1619—First born Afrikan captives were brought to England’s North Amerikan
colony of Jamestown, Virginia.
August 16, 1768—Charlestown, South Carolina rebellious Afrikan slaves (known as
maroons) engaged British military forces in bloody battle defending
their camp which was a haven for fugitive slaves.
August 30, 1800—Day set for launching Gabrier Prossers revolt. On this day over 1000
armed slaves gathered to endeavor to secure their liberty, however bad weather forced
them to postpone the revolt and betrayal ultimately led to the crushing of their physical
force.
August 21, 1831—Slave revolt launched under the leadership of Nat Turner which lasted
four days and resulted in fifty-one slaveholders and their loved ones being subjected to
revolutionary People’s justice.
August 29, 1841—Street skirmish took place in Cincinnati between Afrikan and Euro-
Amerikan, wherein for five days Afrikans waged valiant struggle in
defense of their women, children and property against brutal racist terror campaigns.
August 1854 —Delegates from eleven states met in Cleveland at the National Emigration
Convention of the Colored People, to advance the position
that an independent land base (nation) be set up for the absorption of captive Afrikans in
Babylon who wanted to return to Afrika.
August 1, 1856 —North Carolina, fierce battle erupted between fugitive slaves and
slaveholders who sought their capture and re-enslavement. Only recorded casualties were
among slaveholders.
The History of Black August Concept and Program
7. Page 6 of 13 READ, STUDY, SHARE AND DOWNLOAD
August 1860 —Freedom (slave) conspiracy uncovered with the discovery of an organized
camp of Afrikans and Euro-Amerikan co-conspirators in Talladega County, Alabama.
August 2, 1865 —Virginia a statewide conference of fifty Afrikan delegates met to demand
that Afrikans in Virginia be granted legal title to land
occupied during the Civil War. Numerous off-pitch battles ensued during this same month
as terrorist mobs moved to evict Afrikans from the land and were met with resistance.
August 17, 1887—Honorable Marcus Garvey, father of contemporary Afrikan Nationalism
was born.
August 1906 —Afrikan soldiers (in service of Babylon) enraged behind racial slurs and
discrimination struck out and wrecked the town of Brownville, Texas.
August 1906 —Niagara Movement met at Harpers Ferry, Virginia and issued W.E. Du
Bois’ historic manifesto against racist discrimination in Babylon against Afrikans.
August 1, 1914 —Garvey founds Universal Negro Improvement Association, advancing the
call for Land, Freedom, and Independence for Afrikan people.
August 23, 1917—Afrikan soldiers in Huston engaged in street skirmishes that left more
than seventeen Euro-American racists dead.
August 1920 —Over two thousand delegates representing Afrikan from the four corners of
the earth gathered in New York for the International Convention of the Negro People of
the World, sponsored by UNIA convention issue a bill of rights for Afrikans.
August 1943 —Slave revolt took place in Harlem as result of a K-9 shooting a brother
defending the honor of Afrikan womanhood. More than 16,000 military and police
personnel were required to quell the rebellion.
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August 1963 —190,000 Afrikans (250,000 people all toll) took part in the March on
Washington led by Dr. Martin Luther King to petition for the extension of the rights and
privileges due to them mandated by the U.S. Constitution.
August 1964 —Afrikan launched comparatively large-scale urban slave revolt in the
following cities: Jersey City NY, Paterson NJ, Keansburg NJ, Chicago IL, and Philadelphia
PA. These slave revolts were for the most part sparked by either police brutality or
disrespect shown toward Afrikan womanhood.
August 16, 1965—Urban revolt took place in Northern Philadelphia.
August 7-8, 1966–--Large-scale urban revolt was launched in Lansing, Michigan.
August 28, 1966—Waukegan, Illinois, urban slave revolt launched in response to police
brutality.
July 30- August 2, 1967 —Urban slave revolt launched in Milwaukee.
August 19-24, 1967-Comparatively large-scale urban slave revolt was launched in New
Haven, Connecticut.
August 7, 1970 —Jonathan Jackson killed in firefight while leading the Marin County
Courthouse raid. George Jackson
August 21, 1971—George Jackson shot and killed in San Quentin by tower guards.
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Black August Program
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Most standard history books tend to either play down or ignore New Afrikan resistance as a
factor in the destruction in the slave economy. On the other hand, when one understands New
Afrikans are still an oppressed nation; the reason for such deception becomes clear. Black
August contends that not only was such resistance a factor in the destruction of the slave
economy, but New Afrikan resistance to slavery continues to inspire New Afrikan resistance to
national oppression. Herbert Aptheker (the author of “American Negro Slave Revolts”) recounts
the personal remark of one New Afrikan involved in the civil rights struggle:
“From personal experience I can testify that American Negro Slave Revolts made a tremendous
impact on those of us in the civil rights and Black Liberation movement. It was the single most
effective antidote to the poisonous ideals that blacks had not a history of struggle or that such
struggle took the form of non-violent protest. Understanding people like Denmark Vessey, Nat
Turner, William Lloyd Garrison etc. provided us with that link to our past that few ever thought
existed.”
Black August contends that from the very inception of slavery, New Afrikans huddled illegally
to commemorate and draw strength from New Afrikan slaves who met their death resisting.
Black August asserts that it is only natural for each generation of New Afrikans faced with the
task to liberate the nation, to draw strength and encouragement from each generation of New
Afrikan warriors that preceded them. It is from such a rich heritage of resistance that Black
August developed, committed to continuing the legacy of resistance, vowing to respond to the
destruction of colonial oppression with our George Jacksons, Malcolm X’s, and Fred Hamptons
etc.
New Afrikan resistance moved decisively into the 1920s and 1930s. Evidence of this was
movements like: The African Blood Brothers, The Share Croppers, The Black Bolsheviks, etc.
Unduly there is an incorrect tendency to confine the discussion of African Nationalism to the
well-known Garvey movement as the sole manifestation of national consciousness. The Garvey
movement was the point of the emerging politics of New Afrikan resistance.
In labor, national consciousness, (i.e. literature, jazz, art, etc..) in the struggle for the land, in all
areas of politics, like a great explosion of previously pent-up National Consciousness took place
among New Africans.
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The sixties was a further example of New Afrikan resistance to national oppression. It should be
emphasized here that struggle of non-violence was at that time a strategy of illegality, of danger,
of arousing New Afrikans to direct confrontation with the colonial oppressor. Whether it was a
sit-in at a segregated lunch counter or bus station, the movement deliberately broke the colonial
law.
Inevitably the anti-colonial struggle moved to a higher level, growing beyond the initial stage of
non-violent civil rights protest. Non-violent civil rights strategy was tried and discarded by New
Africans, who found that it was a failure, incapable of forcing an entrenched settler’s colonial
regime to change.
Black August purports that it is important to briefly mention such events to counter the colonial
propaganda that the riots of the 1960s was due to anger brought on by overcrowdedness and
summer heat. Black August asserts that in order for New Afrikans to arise to the historical task
of defending the Nation, it is imperative that New Afrikans have a historical perspective of
themselves resisting colonial oppression.
Black August avers that at a time when the Black Nation is experiencing the destruction of its
community through planned gentrification, at a time when the quality of New Afrikan life is
being blunted through unemployment, prison, drugs, high infant mortality and poverty, the call
of New Afrikan organization should be one of resistance.
Black August is the antithesis to “celebration” and empty “homage.” Black August attempts to
place struggle and sacrifice on center stage. In this respect, Black August summons all
progressive people who identify with the legacy of resistance to colonial oppression by actively
participating in Black August. Thus during the entire month of
August in commemoration of those Africans who have made the supreme sacrifice for the
cause of African Liberation and reflect upon the significance of those contributions as well as to
draw closer to the continuing necessity for resistance, we embrace the following as tenets to be
practiced during Black August.
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The Five Tenets of the Black August Program
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The Five Tenets of the Black August Program
1. A fast which historically has been used as an expression of personal
commitment and resistance. Hence, from the sunrise until evening meal we
will abstain from eating.
2. We abstain from consuming any type of intoxicants for the entire month of
August. The necessity for this should be self-evident for all serious
participants of Black August.
3. We limit our selection of television and radio to educational programs, i.e.
news, documentaries and cultural programs, etc.
4. During BA we emphasize political and cultural studies for individuals
involved in BA. Participants in BA should pair off with someone else you
know to study and share knowledge of African Affairs.
5. As an outward expression of BA we wear a Black arm band on the left arm
or wrist as a tribute to those Africans who have died as a result of their
sacrifice for African Liberation. The arm band can be worn either on the
inside or outside of your clothing.
Black August (BA) is a revolutionary concept. Therefore, all revolutionaries, nationalists and
others who are committed to ending oppression should actively participate in Black August.
Such participation not only begins to build the bridges of international solidarity, but it is
through such solidarity that we strengthen ourselves to struggle for victory.
Text by James "Doc" Holiday # 86555-012
P.O. Box 1000
Marion, IL
62959 USA
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