This document is the table of contents for the third edition of the textbook "Rapid Prototyping: Principles and Applications" by CK Chua, KF Leong, and CS Lim. The textbook provides an introduction to rapid prototyping technologies, tracing their historical development and describing over 30 different systems. It covers topics such as applications, data formats, evaluation and benchmarking. The third edition features new rapid prototyping techniques and a new chapter focusing on biomedical applications.
This document summarizes information about accessing and purchasing books published by the National Academies Press. It states that hundreds of books can be downloaded for free in PDF format or read online for free. It provides contact information for customer service and notes that thousands of additional books are available for purchase in print or PDF format on their website.
The MESUR project is a scientific study of science itself using real-time indicators derived from large-scale usage data. It has collected over 1 billion usage events from major publishers and aims to map scientific activity, survey novel impact metrics, and develop network models of science. Initial funding was provided by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation from 2006-2008, with ongoing funding from the NSF through 2012 to continue data collection and research at Indiana University.
The presentation explores the trend towards a scholarly communication system that is friendly to machines. It presents 3 exhibits illustrating the trend and 1 exhibit illustrating inertia in the system. It makes the point that machine-actionability can be much easier achieved if content and metadata are available in Open Access and under a permissive Creative Commons license. It also observes that even with content and metadata openly available, new costs related to advanced tools to explore the scholarly record will emerge. Finally, it points at significant challenges regarding the persistence of the scholarly record in light of increasingly interconnected and actionable content and advanced tools to interact with it.
The slides were used for a plenary presentation at the LIBER 2011 Conference in Barcelona, Spain, on June 30 2011.
This document provides information about an upcoming library conference in Taiwan from September 2-12, 2008. It also includes details about open access initiatives, library software and resources, and contact information for librarians in China. Several open access declarations and library technology guides are referenced. The document is written in Chinese and English and contains links, organization information, and teaching materials related to libraries and information science.
This document provides information about upcoming library conferences in Taiwan from September 2-12, 2008. It also shares links and credentials for various library systems and resources, including the National Science Council, Koha, DSpace, Amazon, and more. Contact information is provided for people working in library fields in Beijing and Shanghai. Tools, books, and topics related to libraries, information organization, social networking, and public libraries are listed as well.
Computer Networking - A Top-down Approach by James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross (...SIVAKUMAR301575
This document provides instructions for accessing digital resources that accompany the 7th edition of the textbook "Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach". It outlines a 4-step process for registering on the Companion Website using an included access code. The access code allows 12 months of access to interactive exercises, videos, programming assignments and other supplementary materials. Technical support is available if needed.
A brief history of information architecturesugeladi
This document provides an introduction and overview of information architecture as a discipline. It discusses how information architecture emerged in the past decade as the World Wide Web transformed information landscapes. It notes that as websites, blogs, and search tools continue to change how information is experienced and accessed, the history of information architecture will increasingly be shaped by readers rather than solely by writers. The author aims to provide their perspective on the tumultuous development of information architecture as both a participant and observer, while acknowledging their account is imperfect and biased given the limitations of memory. They hope readers find the story interesting and perhaps thought-provoking.
This document provides an overview of the textbook "Fundamentals of Computer Organization and Architecture" by Mostafa Abd-El-Barr and Hesham El-Rewini. The textbook covers topics related to computer organization and architecture from both a programmer's viewpoint and an overall structural viewpoint. It is intended for students studying computer engineering, computer science, and electrical engineering. The textbook assumes a basic knowledge of digital logic design and programming. It reflects the authors' experience teaching related courses for over 15 years.
This document summarizes information about accessing and purchasing books published by the National Academies Press. It states that hundreds of books can be downloaded for free in PDF format or read online for free. It provides contact information for customer service and notes that thousands of additional books are available for purchase in print or PDF format on their website.
The MESUR project is a scientific study of science itself using real-time indicators derived from large-scale usage data. It has collected over 1 billion usage events from major publishers and aims to map scientific activity, survey novel impact metrics, and develop network models of science. Initial funding was provided by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation from 2006-2008, with ongoing funding from the NSF through 2012 to continue data collection and research at Indiana University.
The presentation explores the trend towards a scholarly communication system that is friendly to machines. It presents 3 exhibits illustrating the trend and 1 exhibit illustrating inertia in the system. It makes the point that machine-actionability can be much easier achieved if content and metadata are available in Open Access and under a permissive Creative Commons license. It also observes that even with content and metadata openly available, new costs related to advanced tools to explore the scholarly record will emerge. Finally, it points at significant challenges regarding the persistence of the scholarly record in light of increasingly interconnected and actionable content and advanced tools to interact with it.
The slides were used for a plenary presentation at the LIBER 2011 Conference in Barcelona, Spain, on June 30 2011.
This document provides information about an upcoming library conference in Taiwan from September 2-12, 2008. It also includes details about open access initiatives, library software and resources, and contact information for librarians in China. Several open access declarations and library technology guides are referenced. The document is written in Chinese and English and contains links, organization information, and teaching materials related to libraries and information science.
This document provides information about upcoming library conferences in Taiwan from September 2-12, 2008. It also shares links and credentials for various library systems and resources, including the National Science Council, Koha, DSpace, Amazon, and more. Contact information is provided for people working in library fields in Beijing and Shanghai. Tools, books, and topics related to libraries, information organization, social networking, and public libraries are listed as well.
Computer Networking - A Top-down Approach by James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross (...SIVAKUMAR301575
This document provides instructions for accessing digital resources that accompany the 7th edition of the textbook "Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach". It outlines a 4-step process for registering on the Companion Website using an included access code. The access code allows 12 months of access to interactive exercises, videos, programming assignments and other supplementary materials. Technical support is available if needed.
A brief history of information architecturesugeladi
This document provides an introduction and overview of information architecture as a discipline. It discusses how information architecture emerged in the past decade as the World Wide Web transformed information landscapes. It notes that as websites, blogs, and search tools continue to change how information is experienced and accessed, the history of information architecture will increasingly be shaped by readers rather than solely by writers. The author aims to provide their perspective on the tumultuous development of information architecture as both a participant and observer, while acknowledging their account is imperfect and biased given the limitations of memory. They hope readers find the story interesting and perhaps thought-provoking.
This document provides an overview of the textbook "Fundamentals of Computer Organization and Architecture" by Mostafa Abd-El-Barr and Hesham El-Rewini. The textbook covers topics related to computer organization and architecture from both a programmer's viewpoint and an overall structural viewpoint. It is intended for students studying computer engineering, computer science, and electrical engineering. The textbook assumes a basic knowledge of digital logic design and programming. It reflects the authors' experience teaching related courses for over 15 years.
Martin P. Bates - Interfacing PIC Microcontrollers_ Embedded Design by Intera...ssusercf2bc0
The PIC 16F877 microcontroller contains the main components of a computer system - a processor, memory, and input/output - all integrated onto a single chip. It has features like analog inputs that allow it to measure signals. The chapter introduces the architecture and instruction set of the PIC 16F877 microcontroller and discusses how its hardware and software work together. Circuit simulation software allows testing and debugging of microcontroller programs and circuits without building physical hardware.
000_Computer Networking A Top-Down Approach 2016.pdfhuuthido
Sách Mạng Máy Tính-Top down approach-computer Network
Sách Mạng Máy Tính-Top down approach-computer Network
Sách Mạng Máy Tính-Top down approach-computer Network
Computer Networking A Top-Down Approach 6th editiion.pdfssuser1a7f55
This document provides biographical information about the authors of the textbook "Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach". James Kurose is a professor of computer science at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Keith Ross is a professor and department head of computer science at Polytechnic Institute of NYU. The document outlines their educational backgrounds and research interests, as well as awards and professional experience. It also provides a brief overview of the new features and enhancements in the sixth edition of their textbook.
Computer Networking books for studying.pdfIbniAmin7
upload for download
this is for requirement to download on book and there for
very important information you recive from the internet you have to download one thainks
i wanted to receive one book network book uploaded success fully to web, then i need to download one book for cisco to work practically
The presentation summarizes the history and growth of USB flash drives. It describes how USB flash drives addressed issues with floppy disks and storage capacity. Early adoption was driven by professionals needing portable data storage. USB flash drives then became widely adopted as the preferred way to easily store and transfer data, helped by declining costs. Shipments and profits grew substantially each year since their launch in the late 1990s.
CHEMICAL PROCESS EQUIPMENT SELECTION AND DESIGN.pdfMarianita Pèrez
This document provides a preface and table of contents for the book "Chemical Process Equipment: Selection and Design (Third Edition)" by James R. Couper, W. Roy Penney, James R. Fair, and Stanley M. Walas. The preface states that this third edition has been revised and updated from previous editions, with new material added. It is intended to provide practical design techniques and information needed for selecting and purchasing equipment. Chapter topics include flows sheets, process control, equipment drivers, transport of solids and fluids, heat transfer, dryers, mixing, separation processes, and more.
Abstract An overview of the whole report and what it is about..docxbartholomeocoombs
Abstract
An overview of the whole report and what it is about. This project involves investigating the capabilities of a number of open source toolkits for voice recognition and selecting one of them to use with ParaFEM, an open source package for finite element analysis developed at Manchester. The work will involve creating a prototype workflow on a Linux computer that takes very simple voice commands and converts them into computer commands to drive the engineering software.
Introduction
Context of the report, the introduction about ParaFEM and its application in open source toolkits for voice recognition.
Literature Review
Different Literature that has been written by different authors about the use ParaFEM and its application in open source toolkits for voice recognition.
Discussion
What comes out from the literature review or the research you have written and how it applies in getting a way forward towards the use of ParaFEM in voice recognition.
Conclusion
This one wraps up the whole project in a few words.
References
Ensure you list all the sources you have used here.
W6 Assignment "Shrieves Casting Company"
Shrieves Casting Company
Write a 750 to 1000 word paper. In your paper include the following:
· Complete questions A through J for the Mini Case involving Shrieves Casting Company on pages 495 & 496. Please complete the paper in actual paper format including an introduction paragraph, a clearly labeled paragraph for each question (A, B, C, etc.), a conclusion paragraph, and a references page.
Include a title page and 3-5 references. Only one reference may be from the internet (not Wikipedia). The other refrences must be from the Grantham University online library. Please adhere to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), (6th ed. 2nd printing) when writing and submitting assignments and papers.
Create a “black box” performance counter data collector template
First, determine the Microsoft products and services installed on the target system. In this example, I have a customer who needs a data collector set template for a Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 system running a named instance of Microsoft SQL Server 2012. Therefore, I want to target performance counters for both Windows Server 2012 R2 as well as SQL Server 2012.
Arguably the easiest way to do this is to install the Performance Analysis of Logs (PAL) tool – an open source project/tool of mine. It requires Powershell 2.0 and the Microsoft Chart Controls for the .NET Framework 3.5 – both are free products from Microsoft. Once installed, run the PAL Wizard from the Windows Start menu and navigate directly to the Threshold File tab. Select a threshold file or combination of threshold files (they can be mixed and matched through the inheritance pane, and click the Export to Perfmon template file button.
In this case, I selected Microsoft SQL Server 2012 which already has an inheritance of System Overview and Quick System Overvie.
5. Building the Cancer Research Data Commons with Neo4j: The Bento FrameworkNeo4j
Mark Jensen, Director, Data Management and Interoperability, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
Todd Pihl, Director, Technical Project Manager, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
Ming Ying, Senior Software Engineer, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
(Data Communication Series) Zhenbin Li, Zhibo Hu, Cheng Li - SRv6 Network Pro...CaoVuThang
This document provides advance praise for the book "SRv6 Network Programming: Ushering in a New Era of IP Networks" from several experts in the field. They praise the book for providing a comprehensive overview of SRv6 including its background, fundamentals, benefits, and applications. They believe the book will help promote the deployment and development of SRv6.
The document discusses 3D printing technology and its applications. It begins with an introduction and overview of the history and terminology of 3D printing. It then describes some of the main additive processes used in 3D printing like extrusion deposition and granular materials binding. Applications of 3D printing discussed include creating scientific equipment, reconstructing fossils and artifacts, and reconstructing evidence. Potential future uses mentioned are building construction, space exploration, and cheaper space travel. The document concludes that 3D printing could revolutionize manufacturing by enabling mass personalization and a return to individual craftsmanship.
BAR.utoronto.ca is a bio-analytic resource that allows exploration of large biological datasets for hypothesis generation. It contains over 128,000 SNPs, 150 million gene expression measurements, subcellular localizations for 9,300 proteins and predicted localizations for the Arabidopsis proteome, over 70,000 predicted and 36,000 documented protein-protein interactions, and over 67,000 predicted and 700 experimentally determined protein structures. The site provides easy-to-use tools for exploring these datasets to facilitate research.
FabLab stands for "Fabrication Laboratories". These are centres equipped with 3D printers, laser cutters and all sorts of other digitally controlled equipment. The first one was opened in MIT by Neil Gerschenfeld, professor of Bits and Atoms with a course entitled "How to make (almost) anything". They have now spread across the world including England. This presentation by Jane Keats was given to Leeds and Sheffield inventors clubs.
This document provides an overview of the design and methodology for an enterprise data center. It discusses foundational philosophies of data center design including keeping the design simple, flexible, scalable, and modular. It also outlines ten key data center design guidelines. The document then covers various aspects of data center design such as determining project scope and budget, criteria, structural layout, support systems, security, and planning for expansion.
Repository : A Brief Comparative Study Between The National University Of Mal...tulipbiru64
The document compares the institutional repositories of the National University of Malaysia (UKM) and the University of Liverpool (UoL). It describes the establishment of each IR, including the motivations, stakeholders involved, policies, formats and types of content accepted, and usage statistics. For UKM's eRep, submission of academic publications is mandatory, while UoL's Research Archive takes a voluntary approach. The role of librarians is also discussed.
This document provides an overview of the Handbook of Offshore Engineering. It discusses the contents and objectives of the handbook. The handbook contains 16 chapters contributed by experts in offshore engineering. It covers topics such as offshore structure design, installation, materials selection, ocean environments, loads and stability, mooring systems, drilling and production risers, and geotechnical analysis. The handbook is intended to provide practical guidelines and examples for offshore engineers without extensive theoretical discussions. It aims to be a useful reference for both practicing engineers and students.
Aqua Browser Implementation at Oklahoma State Universityyouthelectronix
On Wednesday November 7th Dr. Anne Prestamo discussed "AquaBrowser Implementation at Oklahoma
State Univerity Library" as part of a program on Next Generation Catalogs held at at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and co-sponsored by the Five Colleges' Librarians
Council and Simmons College Graduate School of Library and Information Science (GSLIS).
A novel programmable attenuator based low Gm-OTA for biomedical applicationsHoopeer Hoopeer
dokumen, Scribd, SlideShare, book: Microelectronic-Devices-and-Circuits, Bit-Vector Pattern Matching Systems on the Basis of Analog-Digital Field Reprogrammable Arrays, Linear System Theory: The State Space Approach, National Academies Press (NAP), Chopper-Stabilized Low-Noise Multipath Operational Amplifier with Dual Ripple Rejection Loops, A Single Slope ADC With Row-Wise Noise Reduction Technique for CMOS Image Sensor, Docsity, TSpace, iThenticate, EBSCO, OpenAIRE, DOAJ, Novel Schmitt trigger and square-wave generator using single current amplifier, Integrated Systems Laboratory, xDevs, A Noninvasive Glucose Monitoring SoC Based on Single Wavelength Photoplethysmography, Slewing Mitigation Technique for Switched Capacitor Circuits, mathjax, Tezzaron Semiconductor, Continuous-Time ΔΣ Modulator, AMiner, A novel programmable attenuator based low Gm-OTA for biomedical applications
_Link24
Martin P. Bates - Interfacing PIC Microcontrollers_ Embedded Design by Intera...ssusercf2bc0
The PIC 16F877 microcontroller contains the main components of a computer system - a processor, memory, and input/output - all integrated onto a single chip. It has features like analog inputs that allow it to measure signals. The chapter introduces the architecture and instruction set of the PIC 16F877 microcontroller and discusses how its hardware and software work together. Circuit simulation software allows testing and debugging of microcontroller programs and circuits without building physical hardware.
000_Computer Networking A Top-Down Approach 2016.pdfhuuthido
Sách Mạng Máy Tính-Top down approach-computer Network
Sách Mạng Máy Tính-Top down approach-computer Network
Sách Mạng Máy Tính-Top down approach-computer Network
Computer Networking A Top-Down Approach 6th editiion.pdfssuser1a7f55
This document provides biographical information about the authors of the textbook "Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach". James Kurose is a professor of computer science at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Keith Ross is a professor and department head of computer science at Polytechnic Institute of NYU. The document outlines their educational backgrounds and research interests, as well as awards and professional experience. It also provides a brief overview of the new features and enhancements in the sixth edition of their textbook.
Computer Networking books for studying.pdfIbniAmin7
upload for download
this is for requirement to download on book and there for
very important information you recive from the internet you have to download one thainks
i wanted to receive one book network book uploaded success fully to web, then i need to download one book for cisco to work practically
The presentation summarizes the history and growth of USB flash drives. It describes how USB flash drives addressed issues with floppy disks and storage capacity. Early adoption was driven by professionals needing portable data storage. USB flash drives then became widely adopted as the preferred way to easily store and transfer data, helped by declining costs. Shipments and profits grew substantially each year since their launch in the late 1990s.
CHEMICAL PROCESS EQUIPMENT SELECTION AND DESIGN.pdfMarianita Pèrez
This document provides a preface and table of contents for the book "Chemical Process Equipment: Selection and Design (Third Edition)" by James R. Couper, W. Roy Penney, James R. Fair, and Stanley M. Walas. The preface states that this third edition has been revised and updated from previous editions, with new material added. It is intended to provide practical design techniques and information needed for selecting and purchasing equipment. Chapter topics include flows sheets, process control, equipment drivers, transport of solids and fluids, heat transfer, dryers, mixing, separation processes, and more.
Abstract An overview of the whole report and what it is about..docxbartholomeocoombs
Abstract
An overview of the whole report and what it is about. This project involves investigating the capabilities of a number of open source toolkits for voice recognition and selecting one of them to use with ParaFEM, an open source package for finite element analysis developed at Manchester. The work will involve creating a prototype workflow on a Linux computer that takes very simple voice commands and converts them into computer commands to drive the engineering software.
Introduction
Context of the report, the introduction about ParaFEM and its application in open source toolkits for voice recognition.
Literature Review
Different Literature that has been written by different authors about the use ParaFEM and its application in open source toolkits for voice recognition.
Discussion
What comes out from the literature review or the research you have written and how it applies in getting a way forward towards the use of ParaFEM in voice recognition.
Conclusion
This one wraps up the whole project in a few words.
References
Ensure you list all the sources you have used here.
W6 Assignment "Shrieves Casting Company"
Shrieves Casting Company
Write a 750 to 1000 word paper. In your paper include the following:
· Complete questions A through J for the Mini Case involving Shrieves Casting Company on pages 495 & 496. Please complete the paper in actual paper format including an introduction paragraph, a clearly labeled paragraph for each question (A, B, C, etc.), a conclusion paragraph, and a references page.
Include a title page and 3-5 references. Only one reference may be from the internet (not Wikipedia). The other refrences must be from the Grantham University online library. Please adhere to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), (6th ed. 2nd printing) when writing and submitting assignments and papers.
Create a “black box” performance counter data collector template
First, determine the Microsoft products and services installed on the target system. In this example, I have a customer who needs a data collector set template for a Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 system running a named instance of Microsoft SQL Server 2012. Therefore, I want to target performance counters for both Windows Server 2012 R2 as well as SQL Server 2012.
Arguably the easiest way to do this is to install the Performance Analysis of Logs (PAL) tool – an open source project/tool of mine. It requires Powershell 2.0 and the Microsoft Chart Controls for the .NET Framework 3.5 – both are free products from Microsoft. Once installed, run the PAL Wizard from the Windows Start menu and navigate directly to the Threshold File tab. Select a threshold file or combination of threshold files (they can be mixed and matched through the inheritance pane, and click the Export to Perfmon template file button.
In this case, I selected Microsoft SQL Server 2012 which already has an inheritance of System Overview and Quick System Overvie.
5. Building the Cancer Research Data Commons with Neo4j: The Bento FrameworkNeo4j
Mark Jensen, Director, Data Management and Interoperability, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
Todd Pihl, Director, Technical Project Manager, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
Ming Ying, Senior Software Engineer, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
(Data Communication Series) Zhenbin Li, Zhibo Hu, Cheng Li - SRv6 Network Pro...CaoVuThang
This document provides advance praise for the book "SRv6 Network Programming: Ushering in a New Era of IP Networks" from several experts in the field. They praise the book for providing a comprehensive overview of SRv6 including its background, fundamentals, benefits, and applications. They believe the book will help promote the deployment and development of SRv6.
The document discusses 3D printing technology and its applications. It begins with an introduction and overview of the history and terminology of 3D printing. It then describes some of the main additive processes used in 3D printing like extrusion deposition and granular materials binding. Applications of 3D printing discussed include creating scientific equipment, reconstructing fossils and artifacts, and reconstructing evidence. Potential future uses mentioned are building construction, space exploration, and cheaper space travel. The document concludes that 3D printing could revolutionize manufacturing by enabling mass personalization and a return to individual craftsmanship.
BAR.utoronto.ca is a bio-analytic resource that allows exploration of large biological datasets for hypothesis generation. It contains over 128,000 SNPs, 150 million gene expression measurements, subcellular localizations for 9,300 proteins and predicted localizations for the Arabidopsis proteome, over 70,000 predicted and 36,000 documented protein-protein interactions, and over 67,000 predicted and 700 experimentally determined protein structures. The site provides easy-to-use tools for exploring these datasets to facilitate research.
FabLab stands for "Fabrication Laboratories". These are centres equipped with 3D printers, laser cutters and all sorts of other digitally controlled equipment. The first one was opened in MIT by Neil Gerschenfeld, professor of Bits and Atoms with a course entitled "How to make (almost) anything". They have now spread across the world including England. This presentation by Jane Keats was given to Leeds and Sheffield inventors clubs.
This document provides an overview of the design and methodology for an enterprise data center. It discusses foundational philosophies of data center design including keeping the design simple, flexible, scalable, and modular. It also outlines ten key data center design guidelines. The document then covers various aspects of data center design such as determining project scope and budget, criteria, structural layout, support systems, security, and planning for expansion.
Repository : A Brief Comparative Study Between The National University Of Mal...tulipbiru64
The document compares the institutional repositories of the National University of Malaysia (UKM) and the University of Liverpool (UoL). It describes the establishment of each IR, including the motivations, stakeholders involved, policies, formats and types of content accepted, and usage statistics. For UKM's eRep, submission of academic publications is mandatory, while UoL's Research Archive takes a voluntary approach. The role of librarians is also discussed.
This document provides an overview of the Handbook of Offshore Engineering. It discusses the contents and objectives of the handbook. The handbook contains 16 chapters contributed by experts in offshore engineering. It covers topics such as offshore structure design, installation, materials selection, ocean environments, loads and stability, mooring systems, drilling and production risers, and geotechnical analysis. The handbook is intended to provide practical guidelines and examples for offshore engineers without extensive theoretical discussions. It aims to be a useful reference for both practicing engineers and students.
Aqua Browser Implementation at Oklahoma State Universityyouthelectronix
On Wednesday November 7th Dr. Anne Prestamo discussed "AquaBrowser Implementation at Oklahoma
State Univerity Library" as part of a program on Next Generation Catalogs held at at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and co-sponsored by the Five Colleges' Librarians
Council and Simmons College Graduate School of Library and Information Science (GSLIS).
A novel programmable attenuator based low Gm-OTA for biomedical applicationsHoopeer Hoopeer
dokumen, Scribd, SlideShare, book: Microelectronic-Devices-and-Circuits, Bit-Vector Pattern Matching Systems on the Basis of Analog-Digital Field Reprogrammable Arrays, Linear System Theory: The State Space Approach, National Academies Press (NAP), Chopper-Stabilized Low-Noise Multipath Operational Amplifier with Dual Ripple Rejection Loops, A Single Slope ADC With Row-Wise Noise Reduction Technique for CMOS Image Sensor, Docsity, TSpace, iThenticate, EBSCO, OpenAIRE, DOAJ, Novel Schmitt trigger and square-wave generator using single current amplifier, Integrated Systems Laboratory, xDevs, A Noninvasive Glucose Monitoring SoC Based on Single Wavelength Photoplethysmography, Slewing Mitigation Technique for Switched Capacitor Circuits, mathjax, Tezzaron Semiconductor, Continuous-Time ΔΣ Modulator, AMiner, A novel programmable attenuator based low Gm-OTA for biomedical applications
_Link24
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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3. NEW JERSEY • LONDON • SINGAPORE • BEIJING • SHANGHAI • HONG KONG • TAIPEI • CHENNAI
World Scientific
Principles and
Applications
RAPID
PROTOTYPING
THIRD EDITION
C K CHUA K F LEONG C S LIM
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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5. FA
My wife, Wendy and children, Cherie, Clement and Cavell, whose
forbearance, support and motivation have made it possible for us to finish
writing this book.
Chee Kai
Soi Lin, for her patience and support and Qian who brings us cheers and joy.
Kah Fai
My wife, Eugenia and children, Lisa and Ian, for their support and
motivation.
Chu Sing
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7. FA
vii
CONTENTS
Foreword xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
About the Authors xxi
List of Abbreviations xxiii
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1. Prototype Fundamentals 1
1.2. Historical Development 7
1.3. Fundamentals of Rapid Prototyping 10
1.4. Advantages of Rapid Prototyping 13
1.5. Commonly Used Terms 17
1.6. Classification of Rapid Prototyping Systems 18
References 21
Problems 22
Chapter 2. Rapid Prototyping Process Chain 25
2.1. Fundamental Automated Processes 25
2.2. Process Chain 26
References 33
Problems 33
Chapter 3. Liquid-Based Rapid Prototyping Systems 35
3.1. 3D Systems’ Stereolithography Apparatus (SLA) 35
3.2. Objet Geometries Ltd.’s Polyjet 52
3.3. D-MEC’s Solid Creation System (SCS) 63
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8. 3.4. Envisiontec’s Perfactory 68
3.5. Autostrade’s E-Darts 76
3.6. CMET’s Solid Object Ultraviolet–Laser Printer 80
3.7. EnvisionTec’s Bioplotter 84
3.8. Rapid Freeze Prototyping (RFP) 89
3.9. Microfabrication 98
3.10. Microfabrica®
’s EFAB®
Technology 102
3.11. D-MEC’s ACCULAS 106
3.12. Other Notable Liquid-Based RP Systems 110
References 131
Problems 135
Chapter 4. Solid-Based Rapid Prototyping Systems 137
4.1. Stratasys’ Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 137
4.2. Solidscape’s Benchtop System 148
4.3. Cubic Technologies’ Laminated Object
Manufacturing (LOM™) 153
4.4. 3D Systems’ Multi-Jet Modeling System (MJM) 165
4.5. Solidimension’s Plastic Sheet Lamination (PSL)/
3D System’s Invision LD Sheet Lamination 171
4.6. Kira’s Paper Lamination Technology (PLT) 176
4.7. CAM-LEM’s CL 100 182
4.8. Other Notable Solid-Based RP Systems 186
References 194
Problems 196
Chapter 5. Powder-Based Rapid Prototyping Systems 199
5.1. 3D System’s Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) 199
5.2. Z Corporation’s Three-Dimensional Printing (3DP) 213
5.3. EOS’s EOSINT Systems 222
5.4. Optomec’s Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) 236
5.5. Arcam’s Electron Beam Melting (EBM) 243
5.6. Concept Laser GmbH’s LaserCUSING 248
5.7. MCP-HEK Tooling GmbH’s Realizer II
(Selective Laser Melting) 257
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9. Contents ix
5.8. Phenix Systems’s PM Series (LS) 262
5.9. Sintermask Technologies AB’s Selective Mask
Sintering (SMS) 267
5.10. 3D-Micromac AG’s MicroSINTERING 273
5.11. Therics Inc’s Theriform Technology 276
5.12. The Ex One Company’s ProMetal 278
5.13. Voxeljet Technology GmbH’S VX System 283
5.14. Other Notable Powdered-Based RP Systems 286
References 293
Problems 298
Chapter 6. Rapid Prototyping Data Formats 301
6.1. STL Format 301
6.2. STL File Problems 302
6.3. Consequences of Building Valid and Invalid
Tessellated Models 306
6.4. STL File Repair 308
6.5. Other Translators 336
6.6. Newly Proposed Formats 338
6.7. Standard for Representing Layered Manufacturing
Objects 350
References 352
Problems 354
Chapter 7. Applications and Examples 357
7.1. Application–Material Relationship 357
7.2. Finishing Processes 359
7.3. Applications in Design 360
7.4. Applications in Engineering, Analysis
and Planning 361
7.5. Applications in Manufacturing and Tooling 365
7.6. Aerospace Industry 379
7.7. Automotive Industry 383
7.8. Jewelry Industry 387
7.9. Coin Industry 388
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10. 7.10. Tableware Industry 390
7.11. Geographic Information System Applications 393
7.12. Arts and Architecture 394
References 396
Problems 400
Chapter 8. Medical and Bioengineering Applications 403
8.1. Planning and Simulation of Complex Surgery 403
8.2. Customized Implants and Prosthesis 413
8.3. Design and Production of Medical Devices 423
8.4. Forensic Science and Anthropology 427
8.5. Visualization of Biomolecules 429
References 432
Problems 435
Chapter 9. Evaluation and Benchmarking 437
9.1. Using Bureau Services 437
9.2. Setting Up a Service Bureau 438
9.3. Technical Evaluation Through Benchmarking 453
9.4. Industrial Growth 470
9.5. Recent and Future Development Trends 470
References 476
Problems 481
Appendix List of RP Companies 483
CD-ROM Attachment 491
CD-ROM User Guide 493
Index 501
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11. FA
xi
FOREWORD
I was pleased to hear that co-authors Chua, Leong and Lim were planning
a third edition of their book on additive fabrication. A growing number of
colleges and universities are adding equipment, coursework and projects
to support coverage of the subject. Making the experience a good one for
students can be a challenge without quality textbooks and hands-on
activities. Rapid Prototyping: Principles and Applications not only aims
to satisfy this need, it delivers.
The book is filled with information that even industry veterans will
find useful. The chapters include detailed descriptions of the available
additive processes, giving readers an overview of what’s available com-
mercially. The photographs, illustrations and tables make these chapters
visually appealing and straightforward. References and problems at the
end of each chapter help readers expand their understanding of the topics
presented.
The chapter on data formats provides detail that new and advanced
users alike will appreciate. It dives into related formats, such as IGES and
SLC, but its in-depth coverage of the STL file format, including its limi-
tations, problems and solutions, makes this chapter shine.
The book’s sections on applications in manufacturing explain why
and how organizations are putting the technology to work. Examples
range from building flight-ready metal castings at Bell Helicopter to
producing a human skull to aid in brain surgery at Keio University
Hospital in Japan.
The depth and breadth presented in this book make it clear that the
authors have a strong understanding of additive fabrication technologies
and applications. The information is written and presented in an easy-to-
follow format. And the book’s accompanying CD is icing on the cake.
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12. Thank you, Chua, Leong and Lim, for producing an outstanding book
and for giving me the opportunity to share my thoughts on it.
Terry Wohlers
President
Wohlers Associates, Inc.
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13. PREFACE
The focus on productivity has been one of the main concerns of industries
worldwide since the early 1990s. To increase productivity, industries have
attempted to apply more computerized automation in manufacturing.
Amongst the latest technologies to have significant stride over the past
two decades are the Rapid Prototyping Technologies, otherwise also
known as Solid Freeform Fabrication, Desktop Manufacturing or Layer
Manufacturing Technologies.
The revolutionary change in factory production techniques and man-
agement requires a direct involvement of computer-controlled systems in
the entire production process. Every operation in this factory, from prod-
uct design, to manufacturing, to assembly and product inspection, is
monitored and controlled by computers. CAD–CAM or Computer-Aided
Design and Manufacturing has emerged since the 1960s to support prod-
uct design. Up to the mid-1980s, it has never been easy to derive a
physical prototype model, despite the existence of Computer Numerical
Controlled (CNC) Machine Tools. Rapid Prototyping Technologies pro-
vide the bridge from product conceptualisation to product realization in
a reasonably fast manner, without the fuss of NC programming, jigs and
fixtures.
With this exciting promise, the industry and academia have interna-
tionally established research centers for Rapid Prototyping (RP), with the
objectives of working in this leading edge technology, as well as of edu-
cating and training more engineers in the field of RP. An appropriate
textbook is therefore required as the basis for the development of a cur-
riculum in RP. The purpose of this book is to provide an introduction to
the fundamental principles and application areas in RP. The book traces
the development of RP in the arena of Advanced Manufacturing
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14. Technologies and explains the principles underlying each of the RP tech-
niques. Also covered are the detail descriptions of the RP processes and
their specifications. In this third edition, new RP techniques are intro-
duced and existing ones updated, bringing the total number of RP
techniques described to more than 30. The book would not be complete
without emphasizing the importance of RP applications in manufacturing
and other industries. In addition to industrial examples provided for each
of the vendors, an entire chapter is devoted to application areas. As RP has
expanded its scope of applications one whole chapter that focuses on the
biomedical area has been added.
One key inclusion in this book is the use of multimedia to enhance
understanding of the technique. In the accompanying compact disc (CD),
animation is used to demonstrate the working principles of major RP
techniques such as Stereolithography, Polyjet, Laminated Object
Manufacturing, Fused Deposition Modeling, Selective Laser Sintering
and Three-Dimensional Printing.
In addition, the book focuses on some of the very important issues
facing RP today and these include, but are not limited to:
(1) The problems with the de facto STL format.
(2) The range of applications for tooling and manufacturing, including
biomedical engineering.
(3) The benchmarking methodology in selecting an appropriate RP
technique.
The material in this book has been used for more than 40 times for profes-
sional courses conducted for both academia and industry audiences since
1991. Certain materials were borne out of research conducted in the School
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore. To be used more effectively for graduate or final
year (senior year) undergraduate students in Mechanical, Aerospace,
Production or Manufacturing Engineering, problems have been included in
this textbook. For university professors and other tertiary-level lecturers,
FA
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15. Preface xv
the subject RP can be combined easily with other topics such as: CAD,
CAM, Machine Tool Technologies and Industrial Design.
Chua C. K.
Associate Professor
Leong K. F.
Associate Professor
Lim C. S.
Associate Professor
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Nanyang Technological University
50 Nanyang Avenue
Singapore 639798
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17. FA
xvii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
First, we would like to thank God for granting us his strength throughout
the writing of this book. Second, we are especially grateful to our respec-
tive spouses, Wendy (Chua), Soi Lin (Leong) and Eugenia (Lim) and our
respective children, Cherie, Clement, Cavell (Chua); Qianyu (Leong); Lisa
and Ian (Lim) for their patience, support and encouragement throughout
the year it took to complete this edition.
We wish to thank the valuable support from the administration of
Nanyang Technological University (NTU), especially the School of
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (MAE). In addition, we would like
to thank our current and former students An Jia, Chan Lick Khor, Chong
Fook Tien, Chow Lai May, Esther Chua Hui Shan, Derrick Ee, Foo Hui
Ping, Witty Goh Wen Ti, Ho Ser Hui, Ketut Sulistyawati, Kwok Yew Heng,
Angeline Lau Mei Ling, Jordan Liang Dingyuan, Liew Weng Sun, Lim
Choon Eng, Liu Wei, Phung Wen Jia, Mahendra Suryadi, Mohamed
Syahid Hassan, Anfee Tan Chor Kwang, Tan Leong Peng, Toh Choon Han,
Wee Kuei Koon, Yap Kimm Ho, Yim Siew Yen, Yun Bao Ling and Zhang
Jindong, our colleague Mr. Lee Kiam Gam for their valuable contributions
to make the multimedia CD which demonstrates some major RP tech-
niques possible. We would also like to express sincere appreciation to our
special assistants Deborah Cheah Meng Lin, Alex Tan Kok Wai, Howard
Tang Ho Hwa and Vu Trong Thien for their selfless help and immense
effort in the coordination and timely publication of this book.
Much of the research work which have been published in various
journals and now incorporated into some chapters in the book can be
attributed to our former students, Dr. May Win Naing, Dr. Yeong Wai Yee,
Dr. Florencia Edith Wiria, Tong Mei, Micheal Ko, Ang Ker Chin, Tan
Kwang Hui, Liew Chin Liong, Gui Wee Siong, Simon Cheong, William
Ng, Chong Lee Lee, Lim Bee Hwa, Chua Ghim Siong, Ko Kian Seng,
Chow Kin Yean, Verani, Evelyn Liu, Wong Yeow Kong, Althea Chua,
Terry Chong, Tan Yew Kwang, Chiang Wei Meng, Ang Ker Ser, Lin Sin
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18. Chew, Ng Chee Chin and Melvin Ng Boon Keong and colleagues
Professor Robert Gay, Mr. Lee Han Boon, Dr. Jacob Gan, Dr. Du Zhaohui,
Dr. M. Chandrasekeran, Dr. Cheah Chi Mun and Dr. Georg Thimm.
We would also like to extend our special appreciation to Mr. Terry
Wohlers for his foreword and permission for the use of his executive
summary of the Wohler’s report, Dr. Ming Leu of the University of
Missouri-Rolla, USA, Dr. Amba D Bhatt of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, Dr. Philip Coane and
Dr. Goettert of the Institute for Micromanufacturing, Ruston, LA, USA
and Prof. Fritz Prinz of Stanford University, USA for their assistance.
The acknowledgments would not be complete without the contribu-
tions of the following companies for supplying and helping us with the
information about their products they develop, manufacture or represent:
(1) 3D Systems Inc., USA
(2) 3D-Micromac AG, Germany
(3) Acram AB., Sweden
(4) Aeromet Corp., USA
(5) Alpha Products and Systems Pte. Ltd., Singapore
(6) Autostrade Co., Ltd., Japan
(7) CAM-LEM Inc., USA
(8) Carl Zeiss Pte Ltd., Singapore
(9) Champion Machine Tools Pte Ltd., Singapore
(10) CMET Inc., Japan
(11) Concept Laser GmbH, Germany
(12) Cubic Technologies Inc., USA
(13) Cubital Ltd., Israel
(14) Cybron Technology (S) Pte Ltd., Singapore
(15) D-MEC Corporation, Japan
(16) Ennex Corp., USA
(17) EnvisionTec., Germany
(18) EOS GmbH, Germany
(19) Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Materials Research, Germany
(20) Fraunhofer-Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation,
Germany
(21) Hong Chek Co. Pte Ltd., Singapore
FA
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19. Acknowledgments xix
(22) Innomation Systems and Technologies Pte Ltd., Singapore
(23) Kira Corporation Ltd., Japan
(24) MCP-HEK Tooling GmbH, Germany
(25) Meiko’s RPS Co., Ltd., Japan
(26) MicroFabrica Inc., USA
(27) MIT, USA
(28) Objet Geometries Ltd., Israel
(29) Optomec Inc., USA
(30) Phenix Systems, France
(31) Sintermask Technologies AB, Sweden
(32) Solidimension Ltd., Isreal
(33) Solidscape Inc., USA
(34) Soligen Inc., USA
(35) Stratasys Inc., USA
(36) Teijin Seiki Co., Ltd., Japan
(37) The Ex One Company, USA
(38) Therics Inc., USA
(39) Voxeljet Technology GmbH, Germany
(40) Z Corp., USA
(41) Zugo Technology Pte Ltd., Singapore
We would also like to express our special gratitude to Cherie Chua who
has so painstakingly poured through our manuscript and help us polish the
language.
Last but not least, we also wish to express our thanks and apologies to
the many others not mentioned above for their suggestions, corrections and
contributions to the success of the previous editions of the book. We would
appreciate your comments and suggestions on this third edition book.
Chua C. K.
Associate Professor
Leong K. F.
Associate Professor
Lim C. S.
Associate Professor
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21. ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Chua Chee Kai is an Associate Professor of the Systems and
Engineering Management Division at the School of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Dr. Chua has extensive teaching and consulting experience in Rapid
Prototyping (RP) including being advisor to RP bureau start-ups and con-
ducted RP courses more than 40 times for many companies. His research
interests include the development of new techniques for RP, tissue engi-
neering scaffold design and fabrication, as well as their engineering and
manufacturing applications in industry. He was the keynote speaker for
conferences on “Trends of RP” and has sat on more than 10 programme
committees for international RP conferences. Dr. Chua sits on the
Editorial Advisory Board of Rapid Prototyping Journal, Journal of
Materials Processing Technology and International Journal of Advanced
Manufacturing Technology. He is also the co-editor-in-chief of the
Virtual and Physical Prototyping Journal. He is the author of over 210
publications, including books, book chapters, international journals and
conference proceedings and has one patent in his name. From his
research work, he has won many academic prizes and his publications
have been cited more than 1400 times based on Science Citation Index.
Dr. Chua can be contacted by email at mckchua@ntu.edu.sg.
Leong Kah Fai is an Associate Professor at the School of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
He is the Programme Director for the Master of Science Course in Smart
Product Design and was the Founding Director of the Design Research
Center at the University. He graduated from the National University of
Singapore and Stanford University for his undergraduate and graduate
degrees, respectively. He is actively involved in local design, manufactur-
ing and standards work. He has chaired several committees in the
Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research and Productivity
FA
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22. Standards Board, receiving Merit and Distinguished Awards for his serv-
ices in 1994 and 1997, respectively. He has delivered keynote papers at
several conferences in application of RP in biomedical science and tissue
engineering. He has authored over 110 publications, including books,
book chapters, international journals and conferences and has one patent
to his name. He has won several academic prizes and his publications
have been cited more than 1100 times based on the Science Citation Index.
Mr. Leong can be contacted by email at mkfleong@ntu.edu.sg.
Lim Chu-Sing, Daniel is an Associate Professor at the Manufacturing
Engineering Division, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,
Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore. He holds an
adjunct appointment with the A*STAR Brenner Center for Molecular
Medicine. Dr. Lim received the National Science and Technology Post-
doctoral Fellowship in 1995. In 1997, he was secretary to the Task Force
to establish Biomedical Engineering at NTU. In 1999, he was appointed
Deputy Director of the University’s Biomedical Engineering Research
Center. In 2001, he received the Tan Chin Tuan Fellowship as Visiting
Scientist in Biophotonics to Duke University’s Department of Biomedical
Engineering. In 2005, Dr. Lim became the center’s Director and held a
concurrent appointment as Director of the University’s Biomedical and
Pharmaceutical Engineering Cluster. From 2005 to 2007, Dr. Lim was
seconded to the newly established School of Chemical and Biomedical
Engineering as Vice-Dean (Admin). Dr. Lim currently chairs the
Bioengineering Technical Committee and serves as Council Member for
the Institute of Engineers, Singapore. He has authored more than 150 jour-
nal and conference publications, including books and book chapters. For
his work, Dr. Lim received several awards including the JCCI Singapore
Foundation Award for Education, Prime Minister’s Office TEC Innovator
Award, Tan Kah Kee Young Inventor’s Award, National Academy of
Science Young Scientist Award (Certificate of Finalist) and the Rotary
Club Young Executive of the Year (1st Runner-up). Dr. Lim can be con-
tacted by email at mchslim@ntu.edu.sg.
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23. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
2D Two-dimensional
3D Three-dimensional
3DP Three-dimensional printing
ABS Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
ACSII American standard code for information interchange
AIM ACES injection molding
AOM Acoustic optical modulator
BDM Beam delivery system
CAD Computer-aided design
CAE Computer-aided engineering
CAM Computer-aided manufacturing
CAM-LEM Computer-aided manufacturing of laminated
engineering materials
CBC Chemically bonded ceramics
CD Compact disc
CIM Computer-integrated manufacturing
CLI Common layer interface
CMM Coordinate measuring machine
CNC Computer numerical control
CSG Constructive solid geometry
CT Computerized tomography
DLP Digital light processing
DMD Direct metal deposition; digital mirror device
DMLS Direct metal laser sintering
DSP Digital signal processor
DSPC Direct shell production casting
EB Electron beam
EBM Electron beam melting
EDM Electric discharge machining
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24. EMS Engineering modeling system
FDM Fused deposition modeling
FEA Finite element analysis
FEM Finite element method
GIS Geographic information system
GPS Global positioning system
HPGL Hewlett–Packard graphics language
HQ High quality
HR High resolution
HS High speed
IGES Initial graphics exchange specification
LAN Local area network
LCD Liquid crystal display
LEAF Layer exchange ASCII format
LED Light emitting diode
LENS Laser engineered net shaping
LMT Laser manufacturing technologies
LOM Laminated object manufacturing
LS Laser sintering
M3
D Maskless mesoscale material deposition
M-RPM Multi-functional RPM
MEM Melted extrusion modeling
MEMS Micro-electro-mechanical systems
MIG Metal inert gas
MJM Multi-jet modeling system
MJS Multiphase jet solidification
MRI Magnetic resonance imaging
NASA National Aeronautical and Space Administration
NC Numerical control
PC Personal computer; polycarbonate
PCB Printed circuit board
PDA Personal digital assistant
PLT Paper lamination technology
PPSF Polyphenylsulfone
PSL Plastic sheet lamination
RDM Resin delivery module
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25. List of Abbreviations xxv
RFP Rapid freeze prototyping
RM&T Rapid manufacturing and tooling
RP Rapid prototyping
RPI Rapid prototyping interface
RPM Rapid prototyping and manufacturing
RPS Rapid prototyping systems
RPT Rapid prototyping technologies
RSP Rapid solidification process
SAHP Selective adhesive and hot press
SCS Solid creation system
SDM Shaped deposition manufacturing
SFF Solid freeform fabrication
SFM Solid freeform manufacturing
SGC Solid ground curing
SHR Single head replacement
SLA Stereolithography apparatus
SLC Stereolithography contour
SLM Selective laser melting
SLS Selective laser sintering
SMS Selective mask sintering
SSM Slicing solid manufacturing
SOUP Solid object ultraviolet–laser plotting
STL Stereolithography file
TTL Toyota Technical Centre
UV Ultraviolet
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