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‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫برداشتن‬Rain Water Harvesting
‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫برداشتن‬
Rain Water Harvesting
‫کننده‬ ‫ترتیب‬
‫خان‬ ‫نبی‬ ‫گل‬‫نورانی‬
‫در‬ ‫طبیعی‬ ‫منابع‬ ‫ملی‬ ‫مدیر‬‫متحد‬ ‫ملل‬ ‫زراعت‬ ‫و‬ ‫خوراک‬ ‫سازمان‬ ‫پروژه‬
‫به‬ ‫باید‬ ‫شما‬
‫فرد‬ ‫یک‬ ‫صفت‬
‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫دانا‬
‫برداشت‬ ‫را‬
‫نماید‬!
‫دانا‬ ‫تر‬ ‫دانا‬
‫میکند؛‬ ‫یاد‬ ‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫برداشتن‬ ‫بنام‬ ‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫اوری‬ ‫جمع‬
‫اب‬ ‫که‬ ‫یه‬ ‫از‬ ‫پیش‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫برای‬ ‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ذخیره‬ ‫و‬ ‫اوری‬ ‫جمع‬‫به‬
‫برسد؛‬ ‫ابخوان‬ ‫یا‬ ‫اب‬ ‫سفره‬
‫برای‬ ‫محلی‬ ‫ادارات‬ ‫و‬ ‫مکاتب‬ ، ‫ها‬ ‫خانه‬ ‫چت‬ ‫از‬ ‫اب‬ ‫اوری‬ ‫جمع‬
‫اید؛‬ ‫بشمارمی‬ ‫خشک‬ ‫مناطق‬ ‫در‬ ‫بزرگ‬ ‫همکاری‬ ‫یک‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ذخیره‬
‫اب‬ ‫برداشتن‬ ‫بنام‬ ،‫میشود‬ ‫اوری‬ ‫جمع‬ ‫زمین‬ ‫سطح‬ ‫از‬ ‫که‬ ‫اب‬
‫میشود؛‬ ‫یاد‬ ‫باران‬ ‫سطحی‬
‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫برداشتن‬ ‫تعریف‬
‫اوری‬ ‫جمع‬
‫ذخیره‬
‫استفاده‬
‫اجتماعی‬ ‫حالت‬
‫جم‬‫ی‬‫مردم‬ ‫عت‬
‫ساحات‬ ‫در‬ ‫که‬
‫یا‬ ‫خشک‬‫کم‬
‫اب‬‫ی‬‫زند‬‫گی‬
‫میکند‬!
‫جم‬ ‫اجتماعی‬ ‫حالت‬‫ی‬‫ساحات‬ ‫در‬ ‫که‬ ‫مردم‬ ‫عت‬‫خشک‬‫زند‬‫گی‬
‫میکند‬
‫زی‬ ‫زمین‬ ‫ذیر‬ ‫اب‬ ‫باالی‬ ‫افغانستان‬ ‫اجتماع‬ ‫و‬ ‫کند‬ ‫نمی‬ ‫کفایت‬ ‫مردم‬ ‫حاجت‬ ‫رفع‬ ‫برای‬ ‫سطحی‬ ‫اب‬‫اکتفا‬ ‫اد‬
‫میکند‬.
‫برای‬‫تواقف‬‫زمین‬ ‫ذیر‬ ‫اب‬ ‫شدن‬ ‫کم‬‫شود؛‬ ‫برداشت‬ ‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫باید‬ ‫ی‬
‫برای‬‫شود؛‬ ‫برداشت‬ ‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫که‬ ‫است‬ ‫الزم‬ ،‫زمین‬ ‫ذیر‬ ‫اب‬ ‫سطح‬ ‫کردن‬ ‫زیاد‬
‫شود‬ ‫نهگداری‬ ‫سطحی‬ ‫اب‬ ‫باید‬ ‫بارندگی‬ ‫زمان‬ ‫در‬‫؛‬
‫باران؛‬ ‫سطحی‬ ‫اب‬ ‫توسط‬ ‫خاک‬ ‫فرسایش‬ ‫از‬ ‫جلوگیری‬
‫ذیر‬ ‫اب‬ ‫و‬ ‫نمیشود‬ ‫جذب‬ ‫خاک‬ ‫در‬ ‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫سازی‬ ‫شهر‬ ‫سریع‬ ‫اثر‬ ‫به‬‫زمین‬‫شود؛‬ ‫نمی‬ ‫تغذیه‬ ‫دوباره‬
‫برداشت‬‫آ‬‫زمین‬ ‫ذیر‬ ‫اب‬ ‫کیفیت‬ ‫کردن‬ ‫اضافه‬ ‫برای‬ ‫باران‬ ‫ب‬‫است‬ ‫االزمی‬ ‫ی‬‫؛‬
‫؟‬ ‫دارم‬ ‫نیاز‬ ‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫برداشتن‬ ‫به‬ ‫چرا‬
‫برداشتن‬‫آ‬‫میرس‬ ‫مصرف‬ ‫به‬ ‫زمین‬ ‫ذیر‬ ‫از‬ ‫اب‬ ‫کردن‬ ‫باال‬ ‫برای‬ ‫که‬ ‫انرژی‬ ‫انداز‬ ‫پس‬ ‫برای‬ ‫باران‬ ‫ب‬‫د؛‬
‫اب‬ ‫که‬ ‫است‬ ‫ضروری‬ ‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫برداشتن‬‫بحر‬‫بیارود؛‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫به‬ ‫جلوگیری‬ ‫رسوبات‬ ‫دخول‬ ‫از‬
‫شود؛‬ ‫جلوگیری‬ ‫سیالب‬ ‫وقع‬ ‫از‬
‫اجتماع‬ ‫در‬ ‫کلتور‬ ‫یک‬ ‫که‬ ‫این‬ ‫برای‬ ‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫برداشتن‬‫ترویج‬‫شود؛‬
‫بارند‬ ‫میزان‬‫از‬ ‫کم‬ ‫افغانسان‬ ‫در‬ ‫گی‬۵۰۰‫است؛‬ ‫متر‬ ‫ملی‬
‫نمیباشد؛‬ ‫بارندگی‬ ‫دیگر‬ ‫ماه‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫میشود‬ ‫ماه‬ ‫چند‬ ‫در‬ ‫بارندگی‬
‫ادامه‬....
‫اثر‬ ‫به‬‫سریع‬ ‫عمار‬‫شهر‬
‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫سازی‬‫درخاک‬
‫و‬ ‫نمیشود‬ ‫جذب‬‫اب‬
‫ذیرخاک‬‫تغذیه‬ ‫دوباره‬
‫شود؛‬ ‫نمی‬
.1‫بارند‬ ‫که‬ ‫است‬ ‫االزمی‬ ‫مناطق‬ ‫برای‬ ‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫برداشتن‬‫گ‬‫ب‬ ‫داشته‬ ‫ی‬‫اشد؛‬
.2‫باشد؛‬ ‫نداشته‬ ‫اب‬ ‫مهیا‬ ‫مرکزی‬ ‫سیستم‬ ‫که‬ ‫مناطق‬
.3‫باش‬ ‫نداشته‬ ‫زمین‬ ‫ذیر‬ ‫اب‬ ‫هم‬ ‫یا‬ ‫و‬ ‫سطحی‬ ‫اب‬ ‫باکیفیت‬ ‫که‬ ‫مناطق‬‫د؛‬
‫است؟‬ ‫مناسب‬ ‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫برداشتن‬ ‫برای‬ ‫مناطق‬ ‫کدام‬
.1‫خانه‬ ‫چت‬ ‫از‬ ‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫برداشتن‬‫ها‬‫ادارات‬ ‫و‬ ‫مکاتب‬ ،‫محلی‬‫؛‬
.2‫زمین؛‬ ‫سطح‬ ‫از‬ ‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫برداشتن‬
.3‫زمین‬ ‫ذیر‬ ‫اب‬ ‫تغذیه‬‫ی‬‫؛‬
.4‫باران؛‬ ‫اب‬ ‫جریان‬ ‫بالبردن‬
‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫برداشتن‬ ‫اقسام‬
.1‫از‬ ‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫برداشتن‬
‫خانه‬ ‫چت‬‫ها‬‫و‬ ‫مکاتب‬ ،
‫محلی‬ ‫ادارت‬
‫خانه‬ ‫چت‬ ‫از‬ ‫باران‬ ‫اب‬‫ها‬‫و‬
‫و‬ ‫میشود‬ ‫اوری‬ ‫جمع‬ ‫مکاتب‬
‫خانه‬ ‫ذخیره‬ ‫در‬ ‫زمین‬ ‫ذیر‬
‫میشود‬ ‫نگهداری‬.
‫اب‬ ‫مهیا‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫این‬ ‫هدف‬
‫مستقب‬ ‫در‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫برای‬‫ل؛‬
‫اب‬ ‫حاصل‬ ‫رفع‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫ان‬
،‫خشک‬ ‫مناطق‬ ‫در‬ ‫باران‬
‫که‬ ‫مردم‬ ‫و‬ ‫شهری‬ ،‫کوهی‬
‫سواحل‬ ‫در‬‫بحر‬‫زندگی‬
‫دارد؛‬ ‫اهمیت‬ ‫زیات‬ ‫میکند‬
‫دایگرام‬‫برداشتن‬‫اب‬‫باران‬‫برای‬‫استفاده‬‫در‬‫خانه‬‫ها‬‫و‬‫مح‬‫ل‬
‫اوری‬ ‫جمع‬ ‫اب‬ ‫اگر‬
‫شده‬‫باران‬‫برای‬
‫استفاده‬ ‫اشامدنی‬
‫فلتر‬ ‫باید‬ ‫میکنی‬،‫ضد‬
‫عفونی‬(‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬
‫کلورین‬)‫هم‬ ‫یا‬ ‫او‬
‫شود‬ ‫جوش‬.
2:‫اب‬ ‫برداشتن‬
‫سطحی‬ ‫باران‬
‫رفع‬‫حاصل‬‫اب‬‫باران‬
‫سطحی‬‫یک‬‫تخنیک‬‫محلی‬
‫حساب‬‫میشود‬‫؛‬
‫ایجاد‬‫دیم‬‫کوچک‬،
‫حوض‬‫و‬‫ذخیره‬‫ها‬‫دران‬
‫تخنیک‬‫شامل‬‫است؛‬
‫در‬‫این‬‫روش‬‫اب‬‫باران‬
‫برای‬‫استعمال‬‫ابیاری‬
‫زراعت‬،‫خانگی‬(‫تشناب‬،
‫لباس‬‫و‬‫موتر‬‫شوی‬)‫و‬
‫برای‬‫مواشی‬‫استفاده‬
‫میشود؛‬
‫خورد‬ ‫های‬ ‫ذخیره‬(‫ناور‬)‫باران‬ ‫سطحی‬ ‫اب‬ ‫برداشتن‬ ‫برای‬
‫حوض‬ ‫یک‬ ‫ایجاد‬ ‫سیستم‬‫محلی‬
‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫قاب‬ ‫ایجاد‬ ‫برای‬ ‫دیزاین‬
‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫قاب‬
‫میشود‬ ‫یاد‬ ‫حوض‬ ‫چارکو‬ ‫بنام‬ ‫کوچک‬ ‫حوض‬ ‫این‬
‫و‬ ‫دیم‬ ‫چیک‬
‫بند‬‫های‬
‫کوچک‬‫برای‬
‫اب‬ ‫برداشتن‬
‫سطحی‬ ‫باران‬
3:‫توسط‬ ‫زمین‬ ‫ذیر‬ ‫اب‬ ‫تغذیه‬
‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫حاصل‬ ‫رفع‬
‫ذیر‬ ‫ساختارها‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫این‬ ‫برای‬
‫میشود‬ ‫استفاده‬:
•‫حفره‬(‫چقورک‬)
•‫ترینچ‬
•‫عمیق‬ ‫چاه‬ ‫کندن‬
•‫دستی‬ ‫پمپ‬ ‫نصب‬
•‫تغذیوی‬ ‫چاه‬
•‫زمین‬ ‫ذیر‬ ‫های‬ ‫ذخیره‬
‫سطحی‬ ‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫برداشتن‬ ‫برای‬ ‫های‬ ‫ترنچ‬
‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫برداشتن‬ ‫برای‬ ‫خاک‬ ‫ذیر‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ذخیره‬
‫تغذیوی‬ ‫ترینچ‬ ‫تغذیوی‬ ‫چقورک‬ ‫یا‬ ‫حفره‬
‫شود‬ ‫اضافه‬ ‫بارندگی‬ ‫میزان‬ ‫باید‬ ‫هدف‬ ‫این‬ ‫اوردن‬ ‫بدست‬ ‫برای‬:
‫میگرد؛‬ ‫صورت‬ ‫ابر‬ ‫گذاری‬ ‫تخم‬ ‫توسط‬ ‫باراندگی‬ ‫میزان‬ ‫بردن‬ ‫باال‬
‫زمین؛‬ ‫سطحه‬ ‫فرشی‬ ‫سنگ‬ ‫توسط‬ ‫اب‬ ‫جریان‬ ‫بردن‬ ‫باال‬
‫میکند؛‬ ‫اضافه‬ ‫سطحی‬ ‫اب‬ ‫جریان‬ ‫زمین‬ ‫لوچ‬ ‫سطحه‬
‫دارد؛‬ ‫سطحی‬ ‫اب‬ ‫زیاد‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫قرار‬ ‫باد‬ ‫طرف‬ ‫که‬ ‫زمین‬ ‫سطحه‬
‫میباشد؛‬ ‫کمتر‬ ‫اب‬ ‫جریان‬ ‫دار‬ ‫سوراخ‬ ‫خاک‬ ‫در‬ ،‫میکند‬ ‫متاثر‬ ‫اب‬ ‫جریان‬ ‫هم‬ ‫خاک‬ ‫جیولوژی‬
4:‫ب‬‫اال‬‫جریان‬ ‫بردن‬‫آ‬‫باران‬ ‫ب‬
.1‫دیم‬ ‫چیک‬(Check dam)
.2‫گلی‬‫پل‬‫گ‬((Gully Plug
.3‫بنت‬ ‫کاونتر‬(Contour Bund)
.4‫تانک‬ ‫فرکولیشن‬Percolation tanks))
.5Contour vegetative hedges
.6‫کاونتر‬‫ترینچ‬(Contour Trench)
.7‫خاکی‬ ‫بند‬(Earthen Bund)
.8‫ها‬ ‫ساختار‬‫گابیون‬((Gabion structures
.9‫فارم‬ ‫ها‬ ‫حوض‬((Farm ponds
.10‫ها‬ ‫تراس‬(Terraces)
‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫برداشتن‬ ‫برای‬ ‫مختلف‬ ‫ساختارها‬
.11‫چقورک‬ ‫یا‬ ‫حفره‬(Pit)
.12‫هایبرو‬(Eyebrow)
‫میشود‬ ‫ساخته‬ ‫مختلف‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫از‬ ‫که‬ ‫ها‬ ‫دیم‬ ‫چیک‬ ‫مختلف‬ ‫اقسام‬.
BEFORE
AFTER
‫دیم‬ ‫چیک‬
‫پس‬ ‫و‬ ‫پیش‬
‫فصل‬ ‫از‬
‫بارندگی‬
‫دیم‬ ‫چیک‬ ‫مختلف‬ ‫ها‬ ‫دیزاین‬ ‫و‬ ‫اقسام‬
‫میشود‬ ‫ساخته‬ ‫محلی‬ ‫مختلف‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫از‬ ‫که‬ ‫ها‬ ‫پلگ‬ ‫گلی‬ ‫مختلف‬ ‫اقسام‬
2004 2007
‫گلی‬ ‫ساختار‬ ‫توسط‬ ‫گلی‬ ‫کاری‬ ‫ترمیم‬‫پل‬‫گ‬
‫گلی‬ ‫ساختار‬ ‫توسط‬ ‫گلی‬ ‫کاری‬ ‫ترمیم‬‫پل‬‫گ‬
2008 2011
‫گلی‬‫پل‬‫گ‬
‫گ‬ ‫ساختارها‬‫ا‬‫بیون‬
‫ساختارها‬‫و‬ ‫چوبی‬‫گ‬‫ا‬‫بیون‬‫ی‬
‫بند‬ ‫کانتور‬
‫بند‬ ‫کانتور‬
‫خروجی‬ ‫مجرای‬ ‫بشمول‬ ‫بند‬ ‫کانتور‬
‫حمایت‬ ‫به‬ ‫ترینچ‬ ‫کانتور‬‫گیایی‬
‫ګیای‬ ‫و‬ ‫ترنچ‬ ‫کانتور‬‫ی‬
‫شده‬ ‫سبز‬
Contour Vegetative Hedges
‫سن‬ ‫سر‬ ‫خاکی‬ ‫بند‬‫چینده‬ ‫گ‬ ‫خاکی‬ ‫بند‬
‫خاکی‬ ‫بند‬
‫فارم‬ ‫حوض‬
Percolation
Tank
Before Monsoon
After Monsoon
Percolation Tank
‫چقورک‬ ‫یا‬ ‫حفره‬
‫بشکل‬ ‫چقورک‬V‫کاونتور‬ ‫بشمول‬
2003 2006
‫باران‬ ‫اب‬ ‫برداشتن‬ ‫برای‬ ‫چقورک‬ ‫یا‬ ‫حفره‬ ‫کندن‬
‫کندن‬‫هایبرو‬
‫در‬ ‫ها‬ ‫درخت‬ ‫نهال‬ ‫کشت‬
‫ها‬ ‫چقورک‬ ‫یا‬ ‫حفره‬
Negarim
structure
‫ن‬ ‫ساختار‬ ‫در‬ ‫پسته‬ ‫و‬ ‫کوهی‬ ‫بادام‬ ‫کشت‬‫گ‬‫افغانستان‬ ‫شمال‬ ‫در‬ ‫اریم‬
‫شدن‬ ‫انرژی‬ ‫پر‬
‫اب‬ ‫که‬ ‫دهقان‬ ‫یک‬
‫برداشت‬ ‫را‬ ‫باران‬
‫ها‬ ‫درخت‬ ‫و‬ ‫کده‬
‫دهقان‬ ‫به‬ ‫شده‬ ‫سبز‬
‫دوباره‬ ‫انژری‬
‫میدهد‬

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