Rabies is an acute viral disease of the nervous system that is transmitted to humans through the saliva of infected animals like dogs, cats, bats, cows, goats and horses. It causes neurological symptoms like fear of water, anxiety, paralysis and eventually death if not treated. The rabies virus is bullet-shaped and contains a single-stranded RNA genome. Treatment for exposed individuals includes rabies immune globulin injection near the bite site along with a series of four rabies vaccine doses over 14 days.

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Mansoura University
Faculty of Pharmacy
Microbiology Department
Rabies or 'hydrophobia', is known as a
disease that makes dogs sick and mad.
It is an acute virus disease of the nervous
system of mammals that is caused by a
Rhabdovirus.
The virus is spread through the saliva of
infected animals. They can spread the virus by
biting another animal or a person.
In rare cases, rabies can be spread when
infected saliva gets into an open wound or the
mucous membranes, such as the mouth or
eyes.
Animals that can transmit the rabies virus:
• Dogs (The most common).
• Cats,bats,Cows ,Goats and Horses.
Rabies virus is a rod- or bullet-shaped,
single-stranded, negative-sense,
unsegmented, enveloped RNA virus.
The virus genome encodes five proteins.
Lipid Bilayer
Membrane-spanning glycoprotein G
Matrix Protein M
-ve sense single-stranded RNA genome
Nucleocapsid Protein N
Large Protein L
Phosphoprotein P
• Fever
• Headache
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Agitation
• Insomnia
• Partial paralysis
• Fear of water (hydrophobia) because of
the difficulty in swallowing.
• Anxiety
• Confusion
• Hyperactivity
• Difficulty swallowing
• Excessive salivation
• Tingling
• Hallucinations
If you've been bitten by an animal that is known
to have rabies, you'll receive a series of shots
to prevent the rabies virus from infecting you.
Rabies shots include:
• A fast-acting shot (rabies immune
globulin) to prevent the virus from infecting
you. Part of this injection is given near the
area where the animal bit you if possible, as
soon as possible after the bite.
• A series of rabies vaccines to help your
body learn to identify and fight the rabies
virus. Rabies vaccines are given as
injections in your arm.
You receive four injections over 14 days.
• Pain, swelling, or itching at the injection site
• Headache
• Nausea
• Stomach pain
• Muscle aches
• Dizziness
• Get a rabies vaccination before traveling to
developing countries, working closely with
animals, or working in a lab handling the
rabies virus.
• Vaccinate your pets.
• Keep your pets from roaming outside.
• Report stray animals to animal control.
• Avoid contact with wild animals.
• Prevent bats from entering living spaces or
other structures near your home.
Rabies is caused by a virus (lyssa virus) that attacks the
nervous system and is excreted later in the saliva.