This document discusses various legal concepts related to tort law, including:
1) A wrongful death action is considered the same category as a claim for bodily injury. Wrongful death damages vary depending on the relationship of the deceased to the claimant.
2) Products liability claims can be based on negligence, strict liability, or both.
3) Negligence involves the failure to meet the required standard of care in a given situation. Special damages cover incurred costs like medical bills, while general damages include things like pain and suffering.
Legal Concepts Of Liability Insurance 2010Annette Ardler
THis course addresses liability insurance and the legal concepts associated with it. During the course, students will gain an understanding of the following concepts: Four Types of Exposures: Test for Negligence; Defense and Conditions for Negligence; Duty to Defend; Claims Settlement and Payments by Policy Structure
Legal Concepts Of Liability Insurance 2010Annette Ardler
THis course addresses liability insurance and the legal concepts associated with it. During the course, students will gain an understanding of the following concepts: Four Types of Exposures: Test for Negligence; Defense and Conditions for Negligence; Duty to Defend; Claims Settlement and Payments by Policy Structure
Personal injury lawyers assist their clients in seeking compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other damages resulting from accidents or incidents.
Running Head MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LAWSUIT1 MEDICAL MALPRACTICE .docxglendar3
Running Head: MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LAWSUIT 1
MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LAWSUIT 5
Term Paper “The Lawsuit of Medical Malpractice”
Marilyn Diaz
Professor George Ackerman
PLA4522 Health Care Law
July 17th, 2019
Abstract
This paper explores “Medical Malpractice” in the field of law in detailed explanation. The paper begins with an introduction to medical malpractice giving statistics and data. Data from the European Union is used to give a detailed illustration. The introduction is followed by elements of medical malpractice lawsuit, defenses to a medical malpractice lawsuit, ways of avoiding a medical malpractice lawsuit and the policy of medical insurance. The method used to gather information was reading of various articles on the subject. The results of the study revealed an increase in the number of medical malpractice cases. Results also revealed that some medical practitioners are using the defenses available in medical malpractice lawsuit to evade penalties. The study emphasizes on ways in which physicians can avoid malpractice by way of precautionary measures.
The Lawsuit of Medical Malpractice
Introduction
Medical malpractice is a precise kind of negligence defined as an act of omission by a physician during treatment of a patient that departs from accepted standards of practice in the health sector and causes an injury to the patient (Bal, 2009). In the last decade, medical malpractice has increased in Europe to double-digit percentage i.e. >50% in Eastern States, Great Britain and the Baltic, a maximum three-digit percentage i.e. 200-500% in Mediterranean area, Germany, the Iberian countries and Italy. France and Scandinavian counties have seen reduction in malpractice because of simplification of procedures and exemplary innovations.
The Special Eurobarometer on Medical Error in 2006 revealed that 80% of EU citizens view medical error as a key issue and close to 50% believed they would be tangled in a case of medical malpractice. This revealed that the public has become aware that claims of medical malpractice against health practitioners can be successful. In Sweden and Denmark between 2005-2010, the ratio of approval for compensatory claims rose to 40%, the average settlement of around €30,000 per case in EU countries. The European Hospital and Healthcare Federation Standing Committee estimates cost of coverage to be in excess of 200%. Costs fluctuated between 9 and 15 euros per capita with Britain exhibiting the highest figures (Ferrara, 2013).
Elements of a Medical Malpractice Lawsuit
The burden of proof in a Medical Malpractice Lawsuit lays on the plaintiff. The plaintiff needs to prove all the elements of medical malpractice in order to stand chance of success in a courtroom.
Existence of physician-patient relationship. Breach of duty of cared owed to patient by physician. Duty upheld at a professional standard of care. Duty of the physician to the patient established by the relationship. Patient sust.
Running Head MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LAWSUIT1 MEDICAL MALPRACTICE .docxtodd581
Running Head: MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LAWSUIT 1
MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LAWSUIT 5
Term Paper “The Lawsuit of Medical Malpractice”
Marilyn Diaz
Professor George Ackerman
PLA4522 Health Care Law
July 17th, 2019
Abstract
This paper explores “Medical Malpractice” in the field of law in detailed explanation. The paper begins with an introduction to medical malpractice giving statistics and data. Data from the European Union is used to give a detailed illustration. The introduction is followed by elements of medical malpractice lawsuit, defenses to a medical malpractice lawsuit, ways of avoiding a medical malpractice lawsuit and the policy of medical insurance. The method used to gather information was reading of various articles on the subject. The results of the study revealed an increase in the number of medical malpractice cases. Results also revealed that some medical practitioners are using the defenses available in medical malpractice lawsuit to evade penalties. The study emphasizes on ways in which physicians can avoid malpractice by way of precautionary measures.
The Lawsuit of Medical Malpractice
Introduction
Medical malpractice is a precise kind of negligence defined as an act of omission by a physician during treatment of a patient that departs from accepted standards of practice in the health sector and causes an injury to the patient (Bal, 2009). In the last decade, medical malpractice has increased in Europe to double-digit percentage i.e. >50% in Eastern States, Great Britain and the Baltic, a maximum three-digit percentage i.e. 200-500% in Mediterranean area, Germany, the Iberian countries and Italy. France and Scandinavian counties have seen reduction in malpractice because of simplification of procedures and exemplary innovations.
The Special Eurobarometer on Medical Error in 2006 revealed that 80% of EU citizens view medical error as a key issue and close to 50% believed they would be tangled in a case of medical malpractice. This revealed that the public has become aware that claims of medical malpractice against health practitioners can be successful. In Sweden and Denmark between 2005-2010, the ratio of approval for compensatory claims rose to 40%, the average settlement of around €30,000 per case in EU countries. The European Hospital and Healthcare Federation Standing Committee estimates cost of coverage to be in excess of 200%. Costs fluctuated between 9 and 15 euros per capita with Britain exhibiting the highest figures (Ferrara, 2013).
Elements of a Medical Malpractice Lawsuit
The burden of proof in a Medical Malpractice Lawsuit lays on the plaintiff. The plaintiff needs to prove all the elements of medical malpractice in order to stand chance of success in a courtroom.
Existence of physician-patient relationship. Breach of duty of cared owed to patient by physician. Duty upheld at a professional standard of care. Duty of the physician to the patient established by the relationship. Patient sust.
Common Law Strict Liability Introduction Strict liabilit.docxdrandy1
Common Law Strict Liability
Introduction: Strict liability, or liability without fault, is a category of unintentional torts
in which the wrongdoer may be held liable for harm to others even when exercising
utmost care and being as careful as possible. Strict liability applies to (1) abnormally
dangerous activities. Abnormally dangerous activities are those that involve a high risk
of serious harm to persons or property that cannot be completely eliminated even with
reasonable care, such as using and storing explosives, stunt flying, keeping wild
animals, and trespassing livestock.
Product Liability**
Introduction: Product liability, sometimes called strict product liability refers to cases in
which a person is injured by a product, or use of a product because the product is
defective in some way. When a product is defective it may become abnormally
dangerous although the product, when not defective, may be safe.
Please also see Instructor Notes link in week 2 for further details and explanation of
product liability.
**Strict product liability is often confused with the separate common law tort of strict
liability, sometimes referred to as “liability without fault”. Strict liability applies only to a
small category of abnormally dangerous activities, such as use of explosives, fireworks,
and stunt flying. Please see section above.
Warranties and Product Liability
Introduction: A warranty is a promise, or guarantee, by a seller or lessor that certain
facts are true of the goods being sold or leased. Types of warranties include (1)
warranties of title guaranteeing that the goods have clear and valid title, (2) express
warranties promising specific facts about the goods, and (3) implied warranties of
merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. A warranty creates a legal duty for
the seller or lessor; a non-breaching party can recover damages for breach of
warranty(ies). Because warranties are associated with the sale or lease of products,
breach of warranty claims are a part of product liability claims and manufacturers and
sellers of goods can be held liable for breach of warranty for defective products.
Warranties are subject to regulation under the UCC, product liability tort law, contract
law, and the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act.
Product Liability**
Product liability, sometimes called strict product liability refers to cases in which a
person is injured by a product, or use of a product because the product is
defective in some way. When a product is defective it may become abnormally
dangerous although the product, when not defective, may be safe.
Definitions of a Defective Product in Product Liability
Products may become defective because of:
1) defective manufacture (so the product is "broken", not perfectly made, i.e., a product
is manufactured so that the electric wiring is improperly made/attached, etc. and may
cause a fire or cause elect.
Common Law Strict Liability Introduction Strict liabilit.docxcargillfilberto
Common Law Strict Liability
Introduction: Strict liability, or liability without fault, is a category of unintentional torts
in which the wrongdoer may be held liable for harm to others even when exercising
utmost care and being as careful as possible. Strict liability applies to (1) abnormally
dangerous activities. Abnormally dangerous activities are those that involve a high risk
of serious harm to persons or property that cannot be completely eliminated even with
reasonable care, such as using and storing explosives, stunt flying, keeping wild
animals, and trespassing livestock.
Product Liability**
Introduction: Product liability, sometimes called strict product liability refers to cases in
which a person is injured by a product, or use of a product because the product is
defective in some way. When a product is defective it may become abnormally
dangerous although the product, when not defective, may be safe.
Please also see Instructor Notes link in week 2 for further details and explanation of
product liability.
**Strict product liability is often confused with the separate common law tort of strict
liability, sometimes referred to as “liability without fault”. Strict liability applies only to a
small category of abnormally dangerous activities, such as use of explosives, fireworks,
and stunt flying. Please see section above.
Warranties and Product Liability
Introduction: A warranty is a promise, or guarantee, by a seller or lessor that certain
facts are true of the goods being sold or leased. Types of warranties include (1)
warranties of title guaranteeing that the goods have clear and valid title, (2) express
warranties promising specific facts about the goods, and (3) implied warranties of
merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. A warranty creates a legal duty for
the seller or lessor; a non-breaching party can recover damages for breach of
warranty(ies). Because warranties are associated with the sale or lease of products,
breach of warranty claims are a part of product liability claims and manufacturers and
sellers of goods can be held liable for breach of warranty for defective products.
Warranties are subject to regulation under the UCC, product liability tort law, contract
law, and the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act.
Product Liability**
Product liability, sometimes called strict product liability refers to cases in which a
person is injured by a product, or use of a product because the product is
defective in some way. When a product is defective it may become abnormally
dangerous although the product, when not defective, may be safe.
Definitions of a Defective Product in Product Liability
Products may become defective because of:
1) defective manufacture (so the product is "broken", not perfectly made, i.e., a product
is manufactured so that the electric wiring is improperly made/attached, etc. and may
cause a fire or cause elect.
Embs v. Pepsi-Cola Bottling Co. of Lexington KentuckyJukowsky, J. .pdfalstradecentreerode
Embs v. Pepsi-Cola Bottling Co. of Lexington Kentucky
Jukowsky, J. On the afternoon of July 25, 1970 plaintiff-appellant entered the self-service retail
store operated by the defendant-appellee, Stampers Cash Market, Inc., for the purpose of buying
soft drinks for the kids. She went to an upright soft drink cooler, removed five bottles and placed
them in a carton. Unnoticed by her, a carton of Seven-Up was sitting on the floor at the edge of
the produce counter about one foot from where she was standing. As she turned away from the
cooler she heard an explosion that sounded like a shotgun. When she looked down she saw a
gash in her leg, pop on her leg, green pieces of a bottle on the floor and the Seven-Up carton in
the midst of the debris. She did not kick or otherwise come into contact with the carton of Seven-
Up prior to the explosion. Her son, who was with her, recognized the green pieces of glass as
part of a Seven-Up bottle.
She was immediately taken to the hospital by Mrs. Stamper, a managing agent of the store. Mrs.
Stamper told her that a Seven-Up bottle had exploded and that several bottles had exploded that
week. Before leaving the store Mrs. Stamper instructed one of her children to clean up the mess.
Apparently, all of the physical evidence went out with the trash. The location of the Seven-Up
carton immediately before the explosion was not a place where such items were ordinarily kept.
* * *
When she rested her case, the defendants-appellees moved for a directed verdict in their favor.
The trial court granted the motion on the grounds that the doctrine of strict product liability in
tort does not extend beyond users and consumers and that the evidence was insufficient to permit
an inference by a reasonably prudent man that the bottle was defective or if it was, when it
became so.
In [Citation] we adopted the view of strict product liability in tort expressed in Section 402 A of
the American Law Institutes Restatement of Torts 2d.
[The court sets out Section 402A of the Restatement, Second, of Torts, as presented in the text
above One who sells any product in a defective condition. . . , etc.]
Comment f on that section makes it abundantly clear that this rule applies to any person engaged
in the business of supplying products for use or consumption, including any manufacturer of
such a product and any wholesale or retail dealer or distributor.
Comment c points out that on whatever theory, the justification for the rule has been said to be
that the seller, by marketing his product for use and consumption, has undertaken and assumed a
special responsibility toward any member of the consuming public who may be injured by it; that
the public has the right to, and does expect, that reputable sellers will stand behind their goods;
that public policy demands that the burden of accidental injuries caused by products intended for
consumption be placed upon those who market them, and be treated as a cost of production
against which liabil.
ABLF Personal Injury Lawyer - Whitby
1621 McEwen Dr #FL1-3,
Whitby, ON L1N 9A5
(800) 920-8165
https://ablflaw.ca/whitby-personal-injury-lawyer.html
For many years, ABLF Personal Injury Lawyers in the Whitby community have been making a difference in the lives of injury victims. Your local Whitby personal injury lawyers have dedicated their practice to helping the victims of personal injury and their families obtain much needed relief.
Chapter Twelve Product and Service Liability LawWhen consumers ent.docxmccormicknadine86
Chapter Twelve Product and Service Liability Law
When consumers enter a store to purchase a product, they assume that the product will do the job the manufacturer claims it will do without injuring anyone, and the consumer may not be aware that each year more than 33.4 million injuries and around 28,200 deaths result from the use of products purchased in the United States.1 Deaths, injuries, and property damage from consumer products incidents cost the nation more than $700 billion annually.2 Estimates of the number of resultant product liability cases range as high as 1 million a year. Also, the verdicts for defective-product or product liability cases are increasing from year to year. The total of the five largest awards for product defect cases in 2009 was 52 percent larger than the total in 2008. In fact, the largest award from a 2009 product defect case amounted to around $300 million, from the Philip Morris tobacco case. Also, in 2008, only 1 of the 50 largest awards were the result of a verdict in a product defect case, but in 2009, 5 of the 50 largest judgments were awarded in product defect cases.3
1 U.S. Department of Safety, http://www.yourlegalguide.com/defective-product-deaths/.
2 U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, www.cpsc.gov/about/about.html (accessed July 27, 2007).
3 John Cord, Product Liability Statistics & Trends, 2010. http://www.drugrecalllawyerblog.com /2010/01/product_liability_statistics_t.html.
Consequently, today’s businessperson is likely to become involved in some aspect of product liability litigation. This chapter discusses the most significant aspects of this area of law, known as product liability, to help the student function as a prudent consumer and businessperson.
Product liability law developed out of tort law, discussed in Chapter 10. This chapter begins by introducing the three primary theories of recovery in product liability cases and the defenses raised in such cases. These sections are followed by an introduction to enterprise liability, a concept that has slightly broadened the potential reach of product liability cases. Closely related to product liability is service liability, discussed in the next-to-last section. The final section discusses global implications of product liability law.Critical Thinking About The Law
Manufacturers owe a certain responsibility to consumers. Consumers should be able to reasonably use a product without its causing harm to them or others. After you read the following scenario, answer the critical thinking questions that will enhance your thinking about product liability law.
Katherine purchased a can of hair spray from her local drugstore. When she removed the cap from the hair spray can, the can exploded in her hands. She suffered third-degree burns on her hands and face and was unable to work for three months.
Katherine sued the hair spray manufacturer after she discovered that another woman had suffered an identical accident when using the same brand of hai ...
Chapter Twelve Product and Service Liability LawWhen consumers ent.docxbissacr
Chapter Twelve Product and Service Liability Law
When consumers enter a store to purchase a product, they assume that the product will do the job the manufacturer claims it will do without injuring anyone, and the consumer may not be aware that each year more than 33.4 million injuries and around 28,200 deaths result from the use of products purchased in the United States.1 Deaths, injuries, and property damage from consumer products incidents cost the nation more than $700 billion annually.2 Estimates of the number of resultant product liability cases range as high as 1 million a year. Also, the verdicts for defective-product or product liability cases are increasing from year to year. The total of the five largest awards for product defect cases in 2009 was 52 percent larger than the total in 2008. In fact, the largest award from a 2009 product defect case amounted to around $300 million, from the Philip Morris tobacco case. Also, in 2008, only 1 of the 50 largest awards were the result of a verdict in a product defect case, but in 2009, 5 of the 50 largest judgments were awarded in product defect cases.3
1 U.S. Department of Safety, http://www.yourlegalguide.com/defective-product-deaths/.
2 U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, www.cpsc.gov/about/about.html (accessed July 27, 2007).
3 John Cord, Product Liability Statistics & Trends, 2010. http://www.drugrecalllawyerblog.com /2010/01/product_liability_statistics_t.html.
Consequently, today’s businessperson is likely to become involved in some aspect of product liability litigation. This chapter discusses the most significant aspects of this area of law, known as product liability, to help the student function as a prudent consumer and businessperson.
Product liability law developed out of tort law, discussed in Chapter 10. This chapter begins by introducing the three primary theories of recovery in product liability cases and the defenses raised in such cases. These sections are followed by an introduction to enterprise liability, a concept that has slightly broadened the potential reach of product liability cases. Closely related to product liability is service liability, discussed in the next-to-last section. The final section discusses global implications of product liability law.Critical Thinking About The Law
Manufacturers owe a certain responsibility to consumers. Consumers should be able to reasonably use a product without its causing harm to them or others. After you read the following scenario, answer the critical thinking questions that will enhance your thinking about product liability law.
Katherine purchased a can of hair spray from her local drugstore. When she removed the cap from the hair spray can, the can exploded in her hands. She suffered third-degree burns on her hands and face and was unable to work for three months.
Katherine sued the hair spray manufacturer after she discovered that another woman had suffered an identical accident when using the same brand of hai.
Personal injury lawyers assist their clients in seeking compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other damages resulting from accidents or incidents.
Running Head MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LAWSUIT1 MEDICAL MALPRACTICE .docxglendar3
Running Head: MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LAWSUIT 1
MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LAWSUIT 5
Term Paper “The Lawsuit of Medical Malpractice”
Marilyn Diaz
Professor George Ackerman
PLA4522 Health Care Law
July 17th, 2019
Abstract
This paper explores “Medical Malpractice” in the field of law in detailed explanation. The paper begins with an introduction to medical malpractice giving statistics and data. Data from the European Union is used to give a detailed illustration. The introduction is followed by elements of medical malpractice lawsuit, defenses to a medical malpractice lawsuit, ways of avoiding a medical malpractice lawsuit and the policy of medical insurance. The method used to gather information was reading of various articles on the subject. The results of the study revealed an increase in the number of medical malpractice cases. Results also revealed that some medical practitioners are using the defenses available in medical malpractice lawsuit to evade penalties. The study emphasizes on ways in which physicians can avoid malpractice by way of precautionary measures.
The Lawsuit of Medical Malpractice
Introduction
Medical malpractice is a precise kind of negligence defined as an act of omission by a physician during treatment of a patient that departs from accepted standards of practice in the health sector and causes an injury to the patient (Bal, 2009). In the last decade, medical malpractice has increased in Europe to double-digit percentage i.e. >50% in Eastern States, Great Britain and the Baltic, a maximum three-digit percentage i.e. 200-500% in Mediterranean area, Germany, the Iberian countries and Italy. France and Scandinavian counties have seen reduction in malpractice because of simplification of procedures and exemplary innovations.
The Special Eurobarometer on Medical Error in 2006 revealed that 80% of EU citizens view medical error as a key issue and close to 50% believed they would be tangled in a case of medical malpractice. This revealed that the public has become aware that claims of medical malpractice against health practitioners can be successful. In Sweden and Denmark between 2005-2010, the ratio of approval for compensatory claims rose to 40%, the average settlement of around €30,000 per case in EU countries. The European Hospital and Healthcare Federation Standing Committee estimates cost of coverage to be in excess of 200%. Costs fluctuated between 9 and 15 euros per capita with Britain exhibiting the highest figures (Ferrara, 2013).
Elements of a Medical Malpractice Lawsuit
The burden of proof in a Medical Malpractice Lawsuit lays on the plaintiff. The plaintiff needs to prove all the elements of medical malpractice in order to stand chance of success in a courtroom.
Existence of physician-patient relationship. Breach of duty of cared owed to patient by physician. Duty upheld at a professional standard of care. Duty of the physician to the patient established by the relationship. Patient sust.
Running Head MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LAWSUIT1 MEDICAL MALPRACTICE .docxtodd581
Running Head: MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LAWSUIT 1
MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LAWSUIT 5
Term Paper “The Lawsuit of Medical Malpractice”
Marilyn Diaz
Professor George Ackerman
PLA4522 Health Care Law
July 17th, 2019
Abstract
This paper explores “Medical Malpractice” in the field of law in detailed explanation. The paper begins with an introduction to medical malpractice giving statistics and data. Data from the European Union is used to give a detailed illustration. The introduction is followed by elements of medical malpractice lawsuit, defenses to a medical malpractice lawsuit, ways of avoiding a medical malpractice lawsuit and the policy of medical insurance. The method used to gather information was reading of various articles on the subject. The results of the study revealed an increase in the number of medical malpractice cases. Results also revealed that some medical practitioners are using the defenses available in medical malpractice lawsuit to evade penalties. The study emphasizes on ways in which physicians can avoid malpractice by way of precautionary measures.
The Lawsuit of Medical Malpractice
Introduction
Medical malpractice is a precise kind of negligence defined as an act of omission by a physician during treatment of a patient that departs from accepted standards of practice in the health sector and causes an injury to the patient (Bal, 2009). In the last decade, medical malpractice has increased in Europe to double-digit percentage i.e. >50% in Eastern States, Great Britain and the Baltic, a maximum three-digit percentage i.e. 200-500% in Mediterranean area, Germany, the Iberian countries and Italy. France and Scandinavian counties have seen reduction in malpractice because of simplification of procedures and exemplary innovations.
The Special Eurobarometer on Medical Error in 2006 revealed that 80% of EU citizens view medical error as a key issue and close to 50% believed they would be tangled in a case of medical malpractice. This revealed that the public has become aware that claims of medical malpractice against health practitioners can be successful. In Sweden and Denmark between 2005-2010, the ratio of approval for compensatory claims rose to 40%, the average settlement of around €30,000 per case in EU countries. The European Hospital and Healthcare Federation Standing Committee estimates cost of coverage to be in excess of 200%. Costs fluctuated between 9 and 15 euros per capita with Britain exhibiting the highest figures (Ferrara, 2013).
Elements of a Medical Malpractice Lawsuit
The burden of proof in a Medical Malpractice Lawsuit lays on the plaintiff. The plaintiff needs to prove all the elements of medical malpractice in order to stand chance of success in a courtroom.
Existence of physician-patient relationship. Breach of duty of cared owed to patient by physician. Duty upheld at a professional standard of care. Duty of the physician to the patient established by the relationship. Patient sust.
Common Law Strict Liability Introduction Strict liabilit.docxdrandy1
Common Law Strict Liability
Introduction: Strict liability, or liability without fault, is a category of unintentional torts
in which the wrongdoer may be held liable for harm to others even when exercising
utmost care and being as careful as possible. Strict liability applies to (1) abnormally
dangerous activities. Abnormally dangerous activities are those that involve a high risk
of serious harm to persons or property that cannot be completely eliminated even with
reasonable care, such as using and storing explosives, stunt flying, keeping wild
animals, and trespassing livestock.
Product Liability**
Introduction: Product liability, sometimes called strict product liability refers to cases in
which a person is injured by a product, or use of a product because the product is
defective in some way. When a product is defective it may become abnormally
dangerous although the product, when not defective, may be safe.
Please also see Instructor Notes link in week 2 for further details and explanation of
product liability.
**Strict product liability is often confused with the separate common law tort of strict
liability, sometimes referred to as “liability without fault”. Strict liability applies only to a
small category of abnormally dangerous activities, such as use of explosives, fireworks,
and stunt flying. Please see section above.
Warranties and Product Liability
Introduction: A warranty is a promise, or guarantee, by a seller or lessor that certain
facts are true of the goods being sold or leased. Types of warranties include (1)
warranties of title guaranteeing that the goods have clear and valid title, (2) express
warranties promising specific facts about the goods, and (3) implied warranties of
merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. A warranty creates a legal duty for
the seller or lessor; a non-breaching party can recover damages for breach of
warranty(ies). Because warranties are associated with the sale or lease of products,
breach of warranty claims are a part of product liability claims and manufacturers and
sellers of goods can be held liable for breach of warranty for defective products.
Warranties are subject to regulation under the UCC, product liability tort law, contract
law, and the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act.
Product Liability**
Product liability, sometimes called strict product liability refers to cases in which a
person is injured by a product, or use of a product because the product is
defective in some way. When a product is defective it may become abnormally
dangerous although the product, when not defective, may be safe.
Definitions of a Defective Product in Product Liability
Products may become defective because of:
1) defective manufacture (so the product is "broken", not perfectly made, i.e., a product
is manufactured so that the electric wiring is improperly made/attached, etc. and may
cause a fire or cause elect.
Common Law Strict Liability Introduction Strict liabilit.docxcargillfilberto
Common Law Strict Liability
Introduction: Strict liability, or liability without fault, is a category of unintentional torts
in which the wrongdoer may be held liable for harm to others even when exercising
utmost care and being as careful as possible. Strict liability applies to (1) abnormally
dangerous activities. Abnormally dangerous activities are those that involve a high risk
of serious harm to persons or property that cannot be completely eliminated even with
reasonable care, such as using and storing explosives, stunt flying, keeping wild
animals, and trespassing livestock.
Product Liability**
Introduction: Product liability, sometimes called strict product liability refers to cases in
which a person is injured by a product, or use of a product because the product is
defective in some way. When a product is defective it may become abnormally
dangerous although the product, when not defective, may be safe.
Please also see Instructor Notes link in week 2 for further details and explanation of
product liability.
**Strict product liability is often confused with the separate common law tort of strict
liability, sometimes referred to as “liability without fault”. Strict liability applies only to a
small category of abnormally dangerous activities, such as use of explosives, fireworks,
and stunt flying. Please see section above.
Warranties and Product Liability
Introduction: A warranty is a promise, or guarantee, by a seller or lessor that certain
facts are true of the goods being sold or leased. Types of warranties include (1)
warranties of title guaranteeing that the goods have clear and valid title, (2) express
warranties promising specific facts about the goods, and (3) implied warranties of
merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. A warranty creates a legal duty for
the seller or lessor; a non-breaching party can recover damages for breach of
warranty(ies). Because warranties are associated with the sale or lease of products,
breach of warranty claims are a part of product liability claims and manufacturers and
sellers of goods can be held liable for breach of warranty for defective products.
Warranties are subject to regulation under the UCC, product liability tort law, contract
law, and the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act.
Product Liability**
Product liability, sometimes called strict product liability refers to cases in which a
person is injured by a product, or use of a product because the product is
defective in some way. When a product is defective it may become abnormally
dangerous although the product, when not defective, may be safe.
Definitions of a Defective Product in Product Liability
Products may become defective because of:
1) defective manufacture (so the product is "broken", not perfectly made, i.e., a product
is manufactured so that the electric wiring is improperly made/attached, etc. and may
cause a fire or cause elect.
Embs v. Pepsi-Cola Bottling Co. of Lexington KentuckyJukowsky, J. .pdfalstradecentreerode
Embs v. Pepsi-Cola Bottling Co. of Lexington Kentucky
Jukowsky, J. On the afternoon of July 25, 1970 plaintiff-appellant entered the self-service retail
store operated by the defendant-appellee, Stampers Cash Market, Inc., for the purpose of buying
soft drinks for the kids. She went to an upright soft drink cooler, removed five bottles and placed
them in a carton. Unnoticed by her, a carton of Seven-Up was sitting on the floor at the edge of
the produce counter about one foot from where she was standing. As she turned away from the
cooler she heard an explosion that sounded like a shotgun. When she looked down she saw a
gash in her leg, pop on her leg, green pieces of a bottle on the floor and the Seven-Up carton in
the midst of the debris. She did not kick or otherwise come into contact with the carton of Seven-
Up prior to the explosion. Her son, who was with her, recognized the green pieces of glass as
part of a Seven-Up bottle.
She was immediately taken to the hospital by Mrs. Stamper, a managing agent of the store. Mrs.
Stamper told her that a Seven-Up bottle had exploded and that several bottles had exploded that
week. Before leaving the store Mrs. Stamper instructed one of her children to clean up the mess.
Apparently, all of the physical evidence went out with the trash. The location of the Seven-Up
carton immediately before the explosion was not a place where such items were ordinarily kept.
* * *
When she rested her case, the defendants-appellees moved for a directed verdict in their favor.
The trial court granted the motion on the grounds that the doctrine of strict product liability in
tort does not extend beyond users and consumers and that the evidence was insufficient to permit
an inference by a reasonably prudent man that the bottle was defective or if it was, when it
became so.
In [Citation] we adopted the view of strict product liability in tort expressed in Section 402 A of
the American Law Institutes Restatement of Torts 2d.
[The court sets out Section 402A of the Restatement, Second, of Torts, as presented in the text
above One who sells any product in a defective condition. . . , etc.]
Comment f on that section makes it abundantly clear that this rule applies to any person engaged
in the business of supplying products for use or consumption, including any manufacturer of
such a product and any wholesale or retail dealer or distributor.
Comment c points out that on whatever theory, the justification for the rule has been said to be
that the seller, by marketing his product for use and consumption, has undertaken and assumed a
special responsibility toward any member of the consuming public who may be injured by it; that
the public has the right to, and does expect, that reputable sellers will stand behind their goods;
that public policy demands that the burden of accidental injuries caused by products intended for
consumption be placed upon those who market them, and be treated as a cost of production
against which liabil.
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Chapter Twelve Product and Service Liability LawWhen consumers ent.docxmccormicknadine86
Chapter Twelve Product and Service Liability Law
When consumers enter a store to purchase a product, they assume that the product will do the job the manufacturer claims it will do without injuring anyone, and the consumer may not be aware that each year more than 33.4 million injuries and around 28,200 deaths result from the use of products purchased in the United States.1 Deaths, injuries, and property damage from consumer products incidents cost the nation more than $700 billion annually.2 Estimates of the number of resultant product liability cases range as high as 1 million a year. Also, the verdicts for defective-product or product liability cases are increasing from year to year. The total of the five largest awards for product defect cases in 2009 was 52 percent larger than the total in 2008. In fact, the largest award from a 2009 product defect case amounted to around $300 million, from the Philip Morris tobacco case. Also, in 2008, only 1 of the 50 largest awards were the result of a verdict in a product defect case, but in 2009, 5 of the 50 largest judgments were awarded in product defect cases.3
1 U.S. Department of Safety, http://www.yourlegalguide.com/defective-product-deaths/.
2 U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, www.cpsc.gov/about/about.html (accessed July 27, 2007).
3 John Cord, Product Liability Statistics & Trends, 2010. http://www.drugrecalllawyerblog.com /2010/01/product_liability_statistics_t.html.
Consequently, today’s businessperson is likely to become involved in some aspect of product liability litigation. This chapter discusses the most significant aspects of this area of law, known as product liability, to help the student function as a prudent consumer and businessperson.
Product liability law developed out of tort law, discussed in Chapter 10. This chapter begins by introducing the three primary theories of recovery in product liability cases and the defenses raised in such cases. These sections are followed by an introduction to enterprise liability, a concept that has slightly broadened the potential reach of product liability cases. Closely related to product liability is service liability, discussed in the next-to-last section. The final section discusses global implications of product liability law.Critical Thinking About The Law
Manufacturers owe a certain responsibility to consumers. Consumers should be able to reasonably use a product without its causing harm to them or others. After you read the following scenario, answer the critical thinking questions that will enhance your thinking about product liability law.
Katherine purchased a can of hair spray from her local drugstore. When she removed the cap from the hair spray can, the can exploded in her hands. She suffered third-degree burns on her hands and face and was unable to work for three months.
Katherine sued the hair spray manufacturer after she discovered that another woman had suffered an identical accident when using the same brand of hai ...
Chapter Twelve Product and Service Liability LawWhen consumers ent.docxbissacr
Chapter Twelve Product and Service Liability Law
When consumers enter a store to purchase a product, they assume that the product will do the job the manufacturer claims it will do without injuring anyone, and the consumer may not be aware that each year more than 33.4 million injuries and around 28,200 deaths result from the use of products purchased in the United States.1 Deaths, injuries, and property damage from consumer products incidents cost the nation more than $700 billion annually.2 Estimates of the number of resultant product liability cases range as high as 1 million a year. Also, the verdicts for defective-product or product liability cases are increasing from year to year. The total of the five largest awards for product defect cases in 2009 was 52 percent larger than the total in 2008. In fact, the largest award from a 2009 product defect case amounted to around $300 million, from the Philip Morris tobacco case. Also, in 2008, only 1 of the 50 largest awards were the result of a verdict in a product defect case, but in 2009, 5 of the 50 largest judgments were awarded in product defect cases.3
1 U.S. Department of Safety, http://www.yourlegalguide.com/defective-product-deaths/.
2 U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, www.cpsc.gov/about/about.html (accessed July 27, 2007).
3 John Cord, Product Liability Statistics & Trends, 2010. http://www.drugrecalllawyerblog.com /2010/01/product_liability_statistics_t.html.
Consequently, today’s businessperson is likely to become involved in some aspect of product liability litigation. This chapter discusses the most significant aspects of this area of law, known as product liability, to help the student function as a prudent consumer and businessperson.
Product liability law developed out of tort law, discussed in Chapter 10. This chapter begins by introducing the three primary theories of recovery in product liability cases and the defenses raised in such cases. These sections are followed by an introduction to enterprise liability, a concept that has slightly broadened the potential reach of product liability cases. Closely related to product liability is service liability, discussed in the next-to-last section. The final section discusses global implications of product liability law.Critical Thinking About The Law
Manufacturers owe a certain responsibility to consumers. Consumers should be able to reasonably use a product without its causing harm to them or others. After you read the following scenario, answer the critical thinking questions that will enhance your thinking about product liability law.
Katherine purchased a can of hair spray from her local drugstore. When she removed the cap from the hair spray can, the can exploded in her hands. She suffered third-degree burns on her hands and face and was unable to work for three months.
Katherine sued the hair spray manufacturer after she discovered that another woman had suffered an identical accident when using the same brand of hai.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
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VAT Registration Outlined In UAE: Benefits and Requirementsuae taxgpt
Vat Registration is a legal obligation for businesses meeting the threshold requirement, helping companies avoid fines and ramifications. Contact now!
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3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
Tata Group Dials Taiwan for Its Chipmaking Ambition in Gujarat’s DholeraAvirahi City Dholera
The Tata Group, a titan of Indian industry, is making waves with its advanced talks with Taiwanese chipmakers Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) and UMC Group. The goal? Establishing a cutting-edge semiconductor fabrication unit (fab) in Dholera, Gujarat. This isn’t just any project; it’s a potential game changer for India’s chipmaking aspirations and a boon for investors seeking promising residential projects in dholera sir.
Visit : https://www.avirahi.com/blog/tata-group-dials-taiwan-for-its-chipmaking-ambition-in-gujarats-dholera/
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Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
2. A wrongful death action is the same
category as a claim for bodily injury
TRUE or FALSE?
Wrongful death damages
vary with the relationship
of the deceased to the
claimant
4. What is the failure to conform to the
standard of care required in the situation?
5. Particular damages/out-of-pocket
damages?
Special damages are incurred costs, the real and necessary
expenses like hospital and doctor’s bills.
Versus
General damages (direct and necessary damages) include things
like pain and suffering, disfigurements; loss of limb, sight, or
hearing; as well as emotional distress.
6. Elements of negligence
Negligence is an unintentional tort. The defendant owns the
burden to prove defenses which can include comparative
negligence, release and exculpatory clauses, immunity, statutes
of limitations and repose, and tortfeasor’s capacity.
7. Manufacturer duty with inherent
danger
Know degree of danger
Knowledge of danger
Foreseeability of dangerous use
All of the above
All but C.
8. Match the manufacturer defense:
State of the Art Plaintiff voluntarily took on risk of harm
Open & Obvious Danger 3rd parities do not create liability
Alteration of product Tied to time the product was made
Compliance with statutes/regulations No duty to warn
Assumption of risk Not conclusive defense