The document summarizes key concepts in business and company law and tort law:
1. It defines assault, battery, and false imprisonment in tort law. Assault refers to apprehension of harm, battery to actual physical harm, and false imprisonment to unlawful restraint of a person.
2. Revocation means withdrawal of an offer by the offeror before acceptance. An offer can generally be revoked at any time before acceptance under the rule in Payne v Cave.
3. It outlines the elements of negligence - duty of care, breach of duty, causation, and damages - and defenses like contributory negligence, voluntary assumption of risk, superseding acts, and illegality.
Aqulian action in roman dutch law of delict a general discussionMangala Wijesinghe
A delict may be defined as the breach of a duty imposed by law independent of the will of the party bound which will ground an action for damages by any person to whom the duty was owed and who had suffered harm in consequence of the breach. The Aquilian Action (actio aquiliae or lex aquilia) of Roman Dutch Law of Delict gives a general remedy for wrongs caused to interests of subjects to claim compensation for the patrimonial loss sustained.
1Key Concept 9 Understand the differences between compe.docxaryan532920
1
Key Concept 9: Understand the differences between compensatory and punitive damages1
A. Torts
1. Compensatory and Punitive Damages
Tort law involves civil liability between private parties. A plaintiff who wins a
tort suit usually recovers the actual damages or compensatory damages that she suffered
because of the tort. Depending on the facts of the case, these damages may be for direct
and immediate harms, such as physical injuries, medical expenses, and lost pay and
benefits, or for harms as intangible as loss of privacy, injury to reputation, and emotional
distress.
In cases where the defendant’s behavior is particularly bad, injured victims may
also be able to recover punitive damages. Punitive damages are not intended to
compensate tort victims for their losses. Instead, they are designed to punish flagrant
wrongdoers and to deter them and others from engaging in similar conduct in the future.
Theoretically, therefore, punitive damages are reserved for the worst kinds of
wrongdoing. Punitive damages have always been controversial, but they have grown
more so in recent years due to the size of some punitive damage awards and the
perception that juries are awarding them in situations where they are not justified.
2. Negligence Defenses
The common law traditionally recognized two defenses to negligence:
contributory negligence and assumption of risk. In many states, however, one or both of
these traditional defenses has been superseded by new defenses called comparative
negligence and comparative fault.
Contributory negligence is the plaintiff’s failure to exercise reasonable care for
her own safety. Where it still applies, contributory negligence is a complete defense for
the defendant if it is a substantial factor in producing the plaintiff’s injury. Traditionally,
even a minor failure to exercise reasonable care for one’s own safety, only a slight
departure from the standard of reasonable self-protectiveness, gave the defendant a
complete contributory negligence defense. For example, the rule may prevent slightly
negligent plaintiffs from recovering any compensation for their losses, while only
marginally more careful plaintiffs get a full recovery.
In response to [complaints of its harsh impact on most plaintiffs], most of the
states have adopted comparative negligence systems either by statute or by judicial
decision. The details of these systems vary, but the principle underlying them is
essentially the same: Courts seek to determine the relative negligence of the parties and
award damages in proportion to the degree of negligence determined. The formula is:
1 Excerpts taken from Jane P. Mallor, et al., Business Law and the Regulatory Environment (11th ed. 2001).
2
Plaintiffs recovery = Defendant’s percentage share of the negligence causing the injury
multiplied by Plaintiff’s provable damages. ...
RemediesA valid agreement has been made, the promisor’s duties h.docxsodhi3
Remedies
A valid agreement has been made, the promisor’s duties have not been discharged; he or she has breached the contract. When one party has failed to perform, what are the rights of the parties? Or when the contract has been avoided because of incapacity or misrepresentation and the like, what are the rights of the parties after disaffirmance? These questions form the focus of this chapter.
A. Theory of Contract Remedies
Purpose of Remedies
The fundamental purpose of remedies in noncriminal cases is not to punish the breaching party but—if possible—to put the nonbreaching party in the position he or she would have been in had there been no breach. There are two general categories of remedies—legal and equitable. In the category of legal remedies are damages. Damages are money paid by one party to another; there are several types of damages.
In the category of equitable remedies are these three: specific performance, which means a person is ordered to deliver a unique thing (land or a unique personal property, such as a painting or an antique car); injunction, a judicial order directing a person to stop doing what he or she should not do (such as competing with a former employer in violation of a noncompete agreement); and restitution, which means putting the parties back into the position they were in before the contract was made.
Parties Have the Power—but Not the Right—to Breach
In view of the importance given to the intention of the parties in forming and interpreting contracts, it may seem surprising that the remedy for every breach is not a judicial order that the obligor carry out his or her undertakings. A damage remedy to compensate the maker for out-of-pocket loss or lost profits is sensible; a judicial decree forcing the computer manufacturer to pay for and take delivery of the boards would be wasteful. In general and if possible, the fundamental purpose of contract remedies is to put the nonbreaching party in the position it would have been in had there been no breach.
B. Promisee’s Interests Protected by Contract
Contract remedies serve to protect three different interests: an expectation interest, a reliance interest, and a restitution interest. A promisee will have one of these and may have two or all three. An expectation interest is the benefit for which the promisee bargained, and the remedy is to put him in a position as good as that which he would have been in had the contract been performed. A reliance interest is the loss suffered by relying on the contract and taking actions consistent with the expectation that the other party will abide by it; the remedy is reimbursement that restores the promisee to his position before the contract was made. A restitution interest is that which restores to the promisee any benefit he conferred on the promisor.
C. Legal Remedies: Damages
The promisee, whom we will hereafter refer to as the nonbreaching party, has the right to damages (a money award), if that is required to make h ...
Aqulian action in roman dutch law of delict a general discussionMangala Wijesinghe
A delict may be defined as the breach of a duty imposed by law independent of the will of the party bound which will ground an action for damages by any person to whom the duty was owed and who had suffered harm in consequence of the breach. The Aquilian Action (actio aquiliae or lex aquilia) of Roman Dutch Law of Delict gives a general remedy for wrongs caused to interests of subjects to claim compensation for the patrimonial loss sustained.
1Key Concept 9 Understand the differences between compe.docxaryan532920
1
Key Concept 9: Understand the differences between compensatory and punitive damages1
A. Torts
1. Compensatory and Punitive Damages
Tort law involves civil liability between private parties. A plaintiff who wins a
tort suit usually recovers the actual damages or compensatory damages that she suffered
because of the tort. Depending on the facts of the case, these damages may be for direct
and immediate harms, such as physical injuries, medical expenses, and lost pay and
benefits, or for harms as intangible as loss of privacy, injury to reputation, and emotional
distress.
In cases where the defendant’s behavior is particularly bad, injured victims may
also be able to recover punitive damages. Punitive damages are not intended to
compensate tort victims for their losses. Instead, they are designed to punish flagrant
wrongdoers and to deter them and others from engaging in similar conduct in the future.
Theoretically, therefore, punitive damages are reserved for the worst kinds of
wrongdoing. Punitive damages have always been controversial, but they have grown
more so in recent years due to the size of some punitive damage awards and the
perception that juries are awarding them in situations where they are not justified.
2. Negligence Defenses
The common law traditionally recognized two defenses to negligence:
contributory negligence and assumption of risk. In many states, however, one or both of
these traditional defenses has been superseded by new defenses called comparative
negligence and comparative fault.
Contributory negligence is the plaintiff’s failure to exercise reasonable care for
her own safety. Where it still applies, contributory negligence is a complete defense for
the defendant if it is a substantial factor in producing the plaintiff’s injury. Traditionally,
even a minor failure to exercise reasonable care for one’s own safety, only a slight
departure from the standard of reasonable self-protectiveness, gave the defendant a
complete contributory negligence defense. For example, the rule may prevent slightly
negligent plaintiffs from recovering any compensation for their losses, while only
marginally more careful plaintiffs get a full recovery.
In response to [complaints of its harsh impact on most plaintiffs], most of the
states have adopted comparative negligence systems either by statute or by judicial
decision. The details of these systems vary, but the principle underlying them is
essentially the same: Courts seek to determine the relative negligence of the parties and
award damages in proportion to the degree of negligence determined. The formula is:
1 Excerpts taken from Jane P. Mallor, et al., Business Law and the Regulatory Environment (11th ed. 2001).
2
Plaintiffs recovery = Defendant’s percentage share of the negligence causing the injury
multiplied by Plaintiff’s provable damages. ...
RemediesA valid agreement has been made, the promisor’s duties h.docxsodhi3
Remedies
A valid agreement has been made, the promisor’s duties have not been discharged; he or she has breached the contract. When one party has failed to perform, what are the rights of the parties? Or when the contract has been avoided because of incapacity or misrepresentation and the like, what are the rights of the parties after disaffirmance? These questions form the focus of this chapter.
A. Theory of Contract Remedies
Purpose of Remedies
The fundamental purpose of remedies in noncriminal cases is not to punish the breaching party but—if possible—to put the nonbreaching party in the position he or she would have been in had there been no breach. There are two general categories of remedies—legal and equitable. In the category of legal remedies are damages. Damages are money paid by one party to another; there are several types of damages.
In the category of equitable remedies are these three: specific performance, which means a person is ordered to deliver a unique thing (land or a unique personal property, such as a painting or an antique car); injunction, a judicial order directing a person to stop doing what he or she should not do (such as competing with a former employer in violation of a noncompete agreement); and restitution, which means putting the parties back into the position they were in before the contract was made.
Parties Have the Power—but Not the Right—to Breach
In view of the importance given to the intention of the parties in forming and interpreting contracts, it may seem surprising that the remedy for every breach is not a judicial order that the obligor carry out his or her undertakings. A damage remedy to compensate the maker for out-of-pocket loss or lost profits is sensible; a judicial decree forcing the computer manufacturer to pay for and take delivery of the boards would be wasteful. In general and if possible, the fundamental purpose of contract remedies is to put the nonbreaching party in the position it would have been in had there been no breach.
B. Promisee’s Interests Protected by Contract
Contract remedies serve to protect three different interests: an expectation interest, a reliance interest, and a restitution interest. A promisee will have one of these and may have two or all three. An expectation interest is the benefit for which the promisee bargained, and the remedy is to put him in a position as good as that which he would have been in had the contract been performed. A reliance interest is the loss suffered by relying on the contract and taking actions consistent with the expectation that the other party will abide by it; the remedy is reimbursement that restores the promisee to his position before the contract was made. A restitution interest is that which restores to the promisee any benefit he conferred on the promisor.
C. Legal Remedies: Damages
The promisee, whom we will hereafter refer to as the nonbreaching party, has the right to damages (a money award), if that is required to make h ...
Instant Assignment Help Australia have drafted a PPT on “Aspects of Contract and Negligence”. For more PPT sample kindly mail us at :help@instantassignmenthelp.com.au or Call Us at: +61 879 057 034.
Law of negligence is one of the most important branch of tort law, deals with the various aspects of negligence between the professional's and the layman.
Chapter 7 – Negligence and Strict LiabilityUAF_BA330
Powerpoint from textbook Business Law - the ethical, global, and e-commerce environment to accompany BA 330 course at the University of Alaska Fairbanks.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
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Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
Instant Assignment Help Australia have drafted a PPT on “Aspects of Contract and Negligence”. For more PPT sample kindly mail us at :help@instantassignmenthelp.com.au or Call Us at: +61 879 057 034.
Law of negligence is one of the most important branch of tort law, deals with the various aspects of negligence between the professional's and the layman.
Chapter 7 – Negligence and Strict LiabilityUAF_BA330
Powerpoint from textbook Business Law - the ethical, global, and e-commerce environment to accompany BA 330 course at the University of Alaska Fairbanks.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Skye Residences | Extended Stay Residences Near Toronto Airportmarketingjdass
Experience unparalleled EXTENDED STAY and comfort at Skye Residences located just minutes from Toronto Airport. Discover sophisticated accommodations tailored for discerning travelers.
Website Link :
https://skyeresidences.com/
https://skyeresidences.com/about-us/
https://skyeresidences.com/gallery/
https://skyeresidences.com/rooms/
https://skyeresidences.com/near-by-attractions/
https://skyeresidences.com/commute/
https://skyeresidences.com/contact/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-and-balcony/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-king-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
#Skye Residences Etobicoke, #Skye Residences Near Toronto Airport, #Skye Residences Toronto, #Skye Hotel Toronto, #Skye Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Near Toronto Airport Accommodation, #Suites Near Toronto Airport, #Etobicoke Suites Near Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Pearson International Airport, #Toronto Airport Suite Rentals, #Pearson Airport Hotel Suites
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
Personal Brand Statement:
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What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
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RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
Attending a job Interview for B1 and B2 Englsih learnersErika906060
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1. 8/7/2021
BUSINESS AND COMPANY LAW
TUTORIAL
1. In an act of physical violence, assault refers to the act which causes the victim to
apprehend imminent physical harm, while battery refers to the actual act causing the
physical harm.
2. False imprisonment is restraining a person in a bounded area without justification or
consent. False imprisonment is a common law misdemeanour and a tort. It applies to
private as well as governmental detention.
3. Revocation means an offer is withdrawn by the offerer. The general rule was
established in Payne v Cave that an offer can be revoked at any time before acceptance
takes place. However, the revocation must be communicated effectively directly or
indirectly to the offeree before acceptance.
2. 12/7/2021
1. Manufacturershave a legal dutyof care to the ultimate consumersof theirproductsif itis
not possible fordefectstobe identifiedbefore the goodsare received. Donoghue v
Stevenson[1932] UKHL 100 wasa landmarkcourt decisioninScots delictlaw andEnglish
tort lawby the House of Lords.
2. 4 elements
Duty of care
Breach of duty
Causation
Damages
The first element of determining negligence is whether or not the defendant owed the
plaintiff a legal duty of care. There are situations where a legal duty is created in the
relationship between the plaintiff and the defendant. A duty of care arises when the
law recognizes a relationship between two parties, and due to this relationship, one
party has an obligation to exercise the same level of reasonable care that another
person in a similar situation would exercise.
The next element is for the court to determine if the defendant breached this duty by
doing or not doing something that an average person would do if they were in a
similar circumstance.
The third element of negligence is causation. Causation requires a plaintiff to show
that the defendant’s breach of duty was the cause of the plaintiff’s injury and losses.
Another thing to consider is whether the defendant could have foreseen that his or her
actions might cause an injury. If the action caused the plaintiff injury through an
unexpected act of nature, then it would be deemed unforeseeable, most likely making
the defendant to be found not liable.
Damages are the final element of negligence. Because the plaintiff suffered injury or
loss which a reasonable person in that same situation could expect or foresee,
monetary compensation may be the only form of relief for those injuries. Damages
include medical care, lost wages, emotional turmoil and more.
3. 19/7/2021
1. Negligence
contributory negligence
In some common law jurisdictions, contributory negligence is a defense to a
tort claim based on negligence. If it is available, the defense completely bars
plaintiffs from any recovery if they contribute to their own injury through their
Own negligence.
Voluntaryassumptionof risk
Volenti,orvoluntaryassumptionof risk,is adefence toan action in negligence.It
ariseswhenthe conduct by whicha plaintiffisinjuredwouldotherwise giverise toa
liabilityof the defendanttopaydamagesforthe tort of negligentlycausinginjury.
Superveningorinterveningact
In other words, a superseding cause is an intervening act that is legally
sufficient to transfer blame for the harm in question from the defendant
to a third party, or to a natural event.
Illegality.
The defence of illegality(still referredtobyitslatinname ex turpi causanon oritur
action) is a complete defence tocontractual or delictual claimsin Scotland. The
basicprinciple of the defence isthatthe pursuershouldnotbe allowedtobenefit
froman illegal act.
2. The defence of illegality (still referred to by its latin name ex turpi causa non oritur
actio) is a complete defence to contractual or delictual claims in Scotland. The
basic principle of the defence is that the pursuer should not be allowed to benefit from
an illegal act.
![12/7/2021
1. Manufacturershave a legal dutyof care to the ultimate consumersof theirproductsif itis
not possible fordefectstobe identifiedbefore the goodsare received. Donoghue v
Stevenson[1932] UKHL 100 wasa landmarkcourt decisioninScots delictlaw andEnglish
tort lawby the House of Lords.
2. 4 elements
Duty of care
Breach of duty
Causation
Damages
The first element of determining negligence is whether or not the defendant owed the
plaintiff a legal duty of care. There are situations where a legal duty is created in the
relationship between the plaintiff and the defendant. A duty of care arises when the
law recognizes a relationship between two parties, and due to this relationship, one
party has an obligation to exercise the same level of reasonable care that another
person in a similar situation would exercise.
The next element is for the court to determine if the defendant breached this duty by
doing or not doing something that an average person would do if they were in a
similar circumstance.
The third element of negligence is causation. Causation requires a plaintiff to show
that the defendant’s breach of duty was the cause of the plaintiff’s injury and losses.
Another thing to consider is whether the defendant could have foreseen that his or her
actions might cause an injury. If the action caused the plaintiff injury through an
unexpected act of nature, then it would be deemed unforeseeable, most likely making
the defendant to be found not liable.
Damages are the final element of negligence. Because the plaintiff suffered injury or
loss which a reasonable person in that same situation could expect or foresee,
monetary compensation may be the only form of relief for those injuries. Damages
include medical care, lost wages, emotional turmoil and more.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)