This document summarizes a study that characterized the quality and elemental composition of common spices in Bangladesh using nuclear analysis techniques like neutron activation analysis and gamma irradiation. It analyzed 25 spice samples for 17 elemental concentrations and found some exceeded international limits. It also assessed the impact of gamma irradiation doses from 2-10 kGy on reducing bacterial and fungal loads in spices while having little effect on physicochemical properties. Key organisms like Pseudomonas, E. coli and Vibrio were not detected. The optimum irradiation dose was identified for inactivating foodborne pathogens in each spice.
Novel composite electrodes:Preparation and application to the electroanalytic...Université de Dschang
M. Tchieno Melataguia Francis Merlin a soutenu une thèse de Doctorat/Phd en Chimie Inorganique ce 06 juin 2016 dans la salle des conférences de l'Université de Dschang. A l'issue de cette soutenance devant le jury présidé par le Prof. Emmanuel Ngameni lui a décerné la mention très honorable à l'unanimité de ses membres.
All about Radiations, Different energy particles- starting from Basics to New methods of analysis also includes DIfferent applications related to it.
Medha Thakur
(M.Sc Chemistry)
MSc Thesis-Analysing Radioactive Iodine in Fucus by ICP-MSPaul Robertson
This document describes a study analyzing radioactive iodine-129 in seaweed samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The author developed a methodology to analyze stable iodine-127 as a proxy for iodine-129 concentration. Seaweed and certified reference materials were digested and the iodine extracted and purified using chromatography. Iodine concentrations were measured using ICP-MS and interferences from xenon-129 were subtracted. Radioactive iodine-129 was detected in seven of eight seaweed samples from the northwest English coast. The iodine-129/iodine-127 ratios in certified reference materials agreed with previous analyses. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using I
This document discusses radiochemical methods and the use of radioisotopes in chemistry. It describes how radioisotopes can be used to study the properties and reactions of non-radioactive isotopes. The document outlines different types of radiation emitted by radioisotopes, including alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. It then discusses several radiochemical analysis techniques - radiometric dilution analysis, isotope dilution analysis, and activation analysis. The document concludes by covering some applications of radioisotopes such as food preservation, tracing chemical reactions, and medical diagnostics and treatment.
Unifying Dose Prescriptions in the Americaskent.riley
1) A dosimetry intercomparison was performed between the boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) groups at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA) in Argentina to enable combined analysis of patient data between centers.
2) In-air and depth dose measurements were made in a water phantom at the RA-6 reactor hyperthermal neutron beam facility in Bariloche, Argentina.
3) Calculated dose profiles from CNEA's treatment planning system required normalizations of 1.0 for thermal neutrons, 1.13 for photons, and 0.74 for fast neutrons to match dosimetry measurements made by
The document summarizes research on synthesizing phenazine ligands through metal templation. Key points:
1) Phenazine ligands like phendione, DPQ and DPPZ were synthesized through both literature methods and metal templation with cobalt. Metal templation produced higher yields for DPQ and lower impurities for all ligands.
2) PDT was successfully synthesized through cobalt templation for the first time, in just one hour compared to 20 hours for literature methods.
3) The metal templation method overcomes difficult syntheses and is an excellent approach for synthesizing ligands like PDT. Future work will aim to increase PDT yield and purity.
Synthesis, spectroscopic, magnetic properties and superoxide dismutase (SOD) ...IOSR Journals
Three new ternary copper(II) complexes formulated as [Cu(HIda)(bipy)] 1; [Cu(HIda)(phen)] 2; [Cu(HIda)(dmp)] 3; where HIda =N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2- iminodiacetic acid ; bipy = 2, 2’- bipyridine; phen = 1,10- phenanthroline; dmp = 2,9-dimethyl 1,10-phenanthroline, have been synthesized and characterized by partial elemental analysis, FAB-mass (m/z), EPR, UV-visible and CV measurements. The magnetic and spectroscopic data of all these complexes 1-3 indicate distorted octahedral geometry. The EPR spectra of these complexes in frozen DMSO solutions showed a single at g ca. 2. The trend in g-value (g||>g>2.0023) suggests that the unpaired electron on copper (II) has dx2–y2 character. The SOD activities of the complexes have been investigated. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of these complexes were also measured and discussed.
Enzyme Based Analytical Chemistry - Nitrate and the U.S. EPAAnna-Marie Davidson
This document discusses the use of nitrate reductase enzymes for analytical chemistry applications such as nitrate analysis. It provides background on how enzymes work and their advantages for analysis, including selectivity, sensitivity, specificity, and safety. It then focuses on the production and use of nitrate reductase enzymes, including their validation for nitrate testing according to EPA standards. The document promotes the use of these enzymes as a non-toxic alternative to cadmium-based methods for nitrate analysis in areas like water quality monitoring.
Novel composite electrodes:Preparation and application to the electroanalytic...Université de Dschang
M. Tchieno Melataguia Francis Merlin a soutenu une thèse de Doctorat/Phd en Chimie Inorganique ce 06 juin 2016 dans la salle des conférences de l'Université de Dschang. A l'issue de cette soutenance devant le jury présidé par le Prof. Emmanuel Ngameni lui a décerné la mention très honorable à l'unanimité de ses membres.
All about Radiations, Different energy particles- starting from Basics to New methods of analysis also includes DIfferent applications related to it.
Medha Thakur
(M.Sc Chemistry)
MSc Thesis-Analysing Radioactive Iodine in Fucus by ICP-MSPaul Robertson
This document describes a study analyzing radioactive iodine-129 in seaweed samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The author developed a methodology to analyze stable iodine-127 as a proxy for iodine-129 concentration. Seaweed and certified reference materials were digested and the iodine extracted and purified using chromatography. Iodine concentrations were measured using ICP-MS and interferences from xenon-129 were subtracted. Radioactive iodine-129 was detected in seven of eight seaweed samples from the northwest English coast. The iodine-129/iodine-127 ratios in certified reference materials agreed with previous analyses. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using I
This document discusses radiochemical methods and the use of radioisotopes in chemistry. It describes how radioisotopes can be used to study the properties and reactions of non-radioactive isotopes. The document outlines different types of radiation emitted by radioisotopes, including alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. It then discusses several radiochemical analysis techniques - radiometric dilution analysis, isotope dilution analysis, and activation analysis. The document concludes by covering some applications of radioisotopes such as food preservation, tracing chemical reactions, and medical diagnostics and treatment.
Unifying Dose Prescriptions in the Americaskent.riley
1) A dosimetry intercomparison was performed between the boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) groups at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA) in Argentina to enable combined analysis of patient data between centers.
2) In-air and depth dose measurements were made in a water phantom at the RA-6 reactor hyperthermal neutron beam facility in Bariloche, Argentina.
3) Calculated dose profiles from CNEA's treatment planning system required normalizations of 1.0 for thermal neutrons, 1.13 for photons, and 0.74 for fast neutrons to match dosimetry measurements made by
The document summarizes research on synthesizing phenazine ligands through metal templation. Key points:
1) Phenazine ligands like phendione, DPQ and DPPZ were synthesized through both literature methods and metal templation with cobalt. Metal templation produced higher yields for DPQ and lower impurities for all ligands.
2) PDT was successfully synthesized through cobalt templation for the first time, in just one hour compared to 20 hours for literature methods.
3) The metal templation method overcomes difficult syntheses and is an excellent approach for synthesizing ligands like PDT. Future work will aim to increase PDT yield and purity.
Synthesis, spectroscopic, magnetic properties and superoxide dismutase (SOD) ...IOSR Journals
Three new ternary copper(II) complexes formulated as [Cu(HIda)(bipy)] 1; [Cu(HIda)(phen)] 2; [Cu(HIda)(dmp)] 3; where HIda =N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2- iminodiacetic acid ; bipy = 2, 2’- bipyridine; phen = 1,10- phenanthroline; dmp = 2,9-dimethyl 1,10-phenanthroline, have been synthesized and characterized by partial elemental analysis, FAB-mass (m/z), EPR, UV-visible and CV measurements. The magnetic and spectroscopic data of all these complexes 1-3 indicate distorted octahedral geometry. The EPR spectra of these complexes in frozen DMSO solutions showed a single at g ca. 2. The trend in g-value (g||>g>2.0023) suggests that the unpaired electron on copper (II) has dx2–y2 character. The SOD activities of the complexes have been investigated. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of these complexes were also measured and discussed.
Enzyme Based Analytical Chemistry - Nitrate and the U.S. EPAAnna-Marie Davidson
This document discusses the use of nitrate reductase enzymes for analytical chemistry applications such as nitrate analysis. It provides background on how enzymes work and their advantages for analysis, including selectivity, sensitivity, specificity, and safety. It then focuses on the production and use of nitrate reductase enzymes, including their validation for nitrate testing according to EPA standards. The document promotes the use of these enzymes as a non-toxic alternative to cadmium-based methods for nitrate analysis in areas like water quality monitoring.
This document discusses radiochemical methods of analysis. It begins by defining nuclides and isotopes. There are three main types of radiochemical methods: radiometric analysis which measures natural radioactivity, isotope dilution which introduces a known radioactive isotope, and activation analysis which induces radioactivity. Isotope dilution involves adding a known amount of a radioactive isotope and measuring the dilution to determine the original amount of the non-radioactive substance. Neutron activation analysis works by inducing radioactivity in samples through neutron irradiation and then detecting and identifying the radioactive elements. Radiochemical methods can be used to analyze various substances like metals in water or nutrients in foods.
An introduction to analytical atomic spectrometry l. ebdonMohamedGhait
Here are the key points from the historical overview of optical spectroscopy:
- Newton discovered the solar spectrum in 1666, finding it was crossed by dark lines later studied by Fraunhofer.
- Kirchhoff in 1859 showed these colors arose from line spectra of elements, not compounds, corresponding to Fraunhofer lines. This demonstrated atomic emission and absorption.
- Atomic absorption spectroscopy, atomic emission spectroscopy, and later atomic fluorescence spectroscopy became associated with advances in astronomy and atomic physics.
- Atomic emission spectroscopy first re-entered analytical chemistry using arc/spark spectrography, then flame techniques from the 1920s.
- Development of the inductively coupled plasma overcame many problems with flames, arcs and sparks
Optimization of lutein production with mixotrophic cultivation of an indigeno...Chen-chun Liu
This document summarizes the optimization of lutein production from a microalga through mixotrophic cultivation. The study involved selecting a microalgal strain, Chlorella sp., determining a suitable medium (BG-11), and optimizing carbon, nitrogen, and trace metal concentrations. Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal sodium acetate, sodium nitrate, calcium chloride, and sodium chloride concentrations for maximizing lutein productivity. The optimal conditions were found to be 4.88 g/L sodium acetate, 1.83 g/L sodium nitrate, 51 mg/L calcium chloride, and 218 mg/L sodium chloride, achieving a maximal lutein productivity of 3.96 mg/L/d.
This document summarizes research on using nanostructured electromaterials for energy applications. It discusses using precision assembly of nano- and micro-dimensional components into macroscopic structures to improve device performance. Specific examples discussed include using porphyrins, conducting polymers, and graphene in dye-sensitized solar cells, hydrogen production, and nanostructure fabrication. The goal is to create the next generation of electrochemical devices through 3D assembly of electromaterials at the nano- and micro-scale.
The role of process analytical technology (pat) in green chemistry and green ...dominev
This document discusses the use of process analytical technology (PAT) tools in green chemistry and engineering. It presents case studies on using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and reaction calorimetry to monitor and develop continuous bioprocesses and chemical reactions. Specifically, it examines how FTIR was used to monitor a biotransformation reaction and develop a continuous multi-step synthesis. It also explores how reaction calorimetry helped classify reaction kinetics and screen conditions to optimize reactions. The document emphasizes how PAT tools can advance green chemistry principles by enabling real-time process monitoring, improving reaction understanding, and facilitating continuous process development and scale-up.
Characterization of Liquid Waste in Isotope production and Research Facilitiesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Visible light assisted photocatalytic reduction of CO2 using a graphene oxide...Pawan Kumar
A new heteroleptic ruthenium complex containing 2-thiophenyl benzimidazole ligands was synthesized using a microwave technique and was immobilized to graphene oxide via covalent attachment. The synthesized catalyst was used for the photoreduction of carbon dioxide under visible light irradiation without using a sacrificial agent, which gave 2050 μmol g−1 cat methanol after 24 h of irradiation
Vapor growth of binary and ternary phosphorus-based semiconductors into TiO2 ...Pawan Kumar
We report successful synthesis of low band gap inorganic polyphosphide and TiO2 heterostructures with the aid of short-way transport reactions. Binary and ternary polyphosphides (NaP7, SnIP, and (CuI)3P12) were successfully reacted and deposited into electrochemically fabricated TiO2 nanotubes. Employing vapor phase reaction deposition, the cavities of 100 μm long TiO2 nanotubes were infiltrated; approximately 50% of the nanotube arrays were estimated to be infiltrated in the case of NaP7. Intensive characterization of the hybrid materials with techniques including SEM, FIB, HR-TEM, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and XPS proved the successful vapor phase deposition and synthesis of the substances on and inside the nanotubes. The polyphosphide@TiO2 hybrids exhibited superior water splitting performance compared to pristine materials and were found to be more active at higher wavelengths. SnIP@TiO2 emerged to be the most active among the polyphosphide@TiO2 materials. The improved photocatalytic performance might be due to Fermi level re-alignment and a lower charge transfer resistance which facilitated better charge separation from inorganic phosphides to TiO2.
Vapor Deposition of Semiconducting Phosphorus Allotropes into TiO2 Nanotube A...Pawan Kumar
The document describes the experimental methods used to synthesize and characterize hybrid fibrous red P@TiO2 and black P@TiO2 nanotube membrane materials for photoelectrocatalytic water splitting. TiO2 nanotube membranes were fabricated by anodization and then phosphorus allotropes were deposited via chemical vapor deposition. Characterization techniques included powder XRD, SEM/EDS, STEM/EDS, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, UPS, UV-Vis spectroscopy, KPFM, and gas chromatography to confirm the formation and properties of the hybrid materials. Structural analysis by XRD and Raman spectroscopy validated the incorporation of crystalline red and black phosphorus phases within the TiO2 nanotube membranes.
The document reports on a study investigating the geometrical optimization, spectroscopic analysis, electronic structure, and nuclear magnetic resonance of (S)-(−)-N-(5-Nitro-2-pyridyl) alaninol (SN5N2PLA) using density functional theory calculations. The Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectra were recorded and vibrational assignments were analyzed. Ultraviolet-visible spectra were also recorded and electronic properties like HOMO-LUMO energies were calculated. Nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts were calculated and compared to experimental data. The first hyperpolarizability and other properties were computed to investigate the compound's potential as a nonlinear optical material.
21st International Conference Organic Process Research & Development 2010 San...dominev
This document discusses using real-time calorimetry to improve operational efficiency. It presents case studies where ReactIR, FBRM, PVM and RTCal were used:
1) ReactIR developed kinetic models to minimize byproducts in pharmaceutical reactions and improve crystallization processes.
2) FBRM and PVM helped optimize a crystallization to reduce impurities below 0.5%.
3) RTCal validated switching to a low copper acrylamide grade for polymerization, showing a shorter induction period but similar maximum heat output. Real-time calorimetry provided process safety evaluation.
1) Recent advances in continuous flow chemistry allow for safer and more efficient reactions through the use of inline monitoring techniques like ATR-FTIR.
2) A Strecker reaction was optimized in a flow reactor using ATR-FTIR to monitor the reaction in situ which allowed for safer operation and higher yields through rapid stoichiometric optimization.
3) A chemoenzymatic sequence for the stereoselective synthesis of lactones was developed using a single-operation protocol combining continuous flow hydrogenation and biocatalyzed Baeyer-Villiger oxidation which provided a safer and simpler procedure.
Mixed-Valence Single-Atom Catalyst Derived from Functionalized GraphenePawan Kumar
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) aim at bridging the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. The challenge is the development of materials with ligands enabling coordination of metal atoms in different valence states, and preventing leaching or nanoparticle formation. Graphene functionalized with nitrile groups (cyanographene) is herein employed for the robust coordination of Cu(II) ions, which are partially reduced to Cu(I) due to graphene-induced charge transfer. Inspired by nature's selection of Cu(I) in enzymes for oxygen activation, this 2D mixed-valence SAC performs flawlessly in two O2-mediated reactions: the oxidative coupling of amines and the oxidation of benzylic CH bonds toward high-value pharmaceutical synthons. High conversions (up to 98%), selectivities (up to 99%), and recyclability are attained with very low metal loadings in the reaction. The synergistic effect of Cu(II) and Cu(I) is the essential part in the reaction mechanism. The developed strategy opens the door to a broad portfolio of other SACs via their coordination to various functional groups of graphene, as demonstrated by successful entrapment of FeIII/FeII single atoms to carboxy-graphene.
Analysis of Ketoconazole and Piribedil Using Ion Selective ElectrodesIOSR Journals
This document describes an analysis of two compounds, Ketoconazole and Piribedil, using ion selective electrodes. Four electrodes were prepared based on incorporating the ion-exchangers Ketoconazole and Piribedil into a PVC matrix using either DOP or DBP as a plasticizer. The electrodes showed wide usable concentration ranges, good selectivity, and were not significantly affected by pH or temperature changes within certain ranges. The compounds were successfully determined in solutions using potentiometric and conductiometric titrations as well as standard additions. The electrodes could potentially be used to analyze these compounds in pharmaceutical formulations.
The document discusses the synthesis and characterization of various photocatalyst materials for wastewater treatment. Particle sizes of TiO2 were prepared by hand grinding and ball milling, with smaller particle sizes from hand grinding showing better photocatalytic activity. Electron-doped TiO2 samples were synthesized via solid-state reactions and characterized using XRD. TaON was attempted through metathesis reactions but resulted mainly in LiTaO3; a subsequent iodine treatment improved the TaON yield. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was evaluated for the materials using a solar simulator, with effects of particle size, doping, and time monitored through spectroscopy.
An introduction to the use of ICP-MS in the clinical setting, that goes on to describe some potential new application areas for advanced instrumentation such as HPLC-ICP-MS, laser ablation-ICP-MS and immuno-tagging-ICP-MS for the measurement of biomolecules.
Radiological Analysis of Selected Organic Fertilizers in Zaria Local Governme...IOSR Journals
The activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides (40 K, 226 Ra 232 Th) in nine organic fertilizers were measured using NaI (Tl) gamma ray spectrometry. The results show that 40K mean activity concentration was 305.33±0.196Bqkg-1 ranging from 120Bq/kg to 907 Bqkg-1, 232Th mean concentration was 45.04Bqkg-1 ranging from 14.66 Bq/kg to 60.20Bqkg-1. While 226Ra mean concentration was 24.87±0.02Bqkg-1 with a range of 12.83 to 65.69Bqkg-1. Radiological hazard indices were calculated and the mean air absorbed dose rate was 51.59nGyh-1 it ranged from 30.33 to 101.23nGyh-1. The annual effective dose rate averaged 61.33μSvy-1(0.061) which is lower than the world average (0.07μSvy-1) it ranged from 33.39 to 124.51μSvy-1. The Raeq was 112.90Bqkg-1 which is far below the 370Bqkg-1maximum.The Hex and Hin averaged 0.31 and 0.37respectively. From Radiological point, organic fertilizers do not impart significant radiological risk, because the radiological hazard indices are lower than Bench marks.
A novel label-free cocaine assay based on aptamer-wrapped single-walled carbo...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective(s):
This paper describes a selective and sensitive biosensor based on the dissolution and aggregation of aptamer wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes. We report on the direct detection of aptamer–cocaine interactions, namely between a DNA aptamer and cocaine molecules based on near-infrared absorption at λ807.
Materials and Methods:
First a DNA aptamer recognizing cocaine was non-covalently immobilized on the surface of single walled carbon nanotubes and consequently dissolution of SWNTs was occurred. Vis-NIR absorption (A807nm) of dispersed, soluble aptamer-SWNTs hybrid, before and after incubation with cocaine was measured using a CECIL9000 spectrophotometer.
Results:
This carbon nanotube setup enabled the reliable monitoring of the interaction of cocaine with its cognate aptamer by aggregation of SWNTs in the presence of cocaine.
Disscusion:
This assay system provides a mean for the label-free, concentration-dependent, and selective detection of cocaine with an observed detection limit of 49.5 nM.
Carbon-14 labelled ADCs and Peptides by Sean L Kitsonseankitson
Abstract
Guided by a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb), antibody drug conjugates or ADC are a new, emerging, class of drugs able to deliver a drug payload directly to an intended target. This approach has recently been boosted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris®; Seattle Genetics) to treat Hodgkin’s lymphoma and ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla®; Genentech) for metastatic breast cancer. These new biotherapeutic drugs will bring many regulatory issues to the forefront regarding the ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion) profile of each ADC. In this article, the authors discuss this and other important aspects of antibody-drug conjugates.
This document discusses radiochemical methods of analysis. It begins by defining nuclides and isotopes. There are three main types of radiochemical methods: radiometric analysis which measures natural radioactivity, isotope dilution which introduces a known radioactive isotope, and activation analysis which induces radioactivity. Isotope dilution involves adding a known amount of a radioactive isotope and measuring the dilution to determine the original amount of the non-radioactive substance. Neutron activation analysis works by inducing radioactivity in samples through neutron irradiation and then detecting and identifying the radioactive elements. Radiochemical methods can be used to analyze various substances like metals in water or nutrients in foods.
An introduction to analytical atomic spectrometry l. ebdonMohamedGhait
Here are the key points from the historical overview of optical spectroscopy:
- Newton discovered the solar spectrum in 1666, finding it was crossed by dark lines later studied by Fraunhofer.
- Kirchhoff in 1859 showed these colors arose from line spectra of elements, not compounds, corresponding to Fraunhofer lines. This demonstrated atomic emission and absorption.
- Atomic absorption spectroscopy, atomic emission spectroscopy, and later atomic fluorescence spectroscopy became associated with advances in astronomy and atomic physics.
- Atomic emission spectroscopy first re-entered analytical chemistry using arc/spark spectrography, then flame techniques from the 1920s.
- Development of the inductively coupled plasma overcame many problems with flames, arcs and sparks
Optimization of lutein production with mixotrophic cultivation of an indigeno...Chen-chun Liu
This document summarizes the optimization of lutein production from a microalga through mixotrophic cultivation. The study involved selecting a microalgal strain, Chlorella sp., determining a suitable medium (BG-11), and optimizing carbon, nitrogen, and trace metal concentrations. Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal sodium acetate, sodium nitrate, calcium chloride, and sodium chloride concentrations for maximizing lutein productivity. The optimal conditions were found to be 4.88 g/L sodium acetate, 1.83 g/L sodium nitrate, 51 mg/L calcium chloride, and 218 mg/L sodium chloride, achieving a maximal lutein productivity of 3.96 mg/L/d.
This document summarizes research on using nanostructured electromaterials for energy applications. It discusses using precision assembly of nano- and micro-dimensional components into macroscopic structures to improve device performance. Specific examples discussed include using porphyrins, conducting polymers, and graphene in dye-sensitized solar cells, hydrogen production, and nanostructure fabrication. The goal is to create the next generation of electrochemical devices through 3D assembly of electromaterials at the nano- and micro-scale.
The role of process analytical technology (pat) in green chemistry and green ...dominev
This document discusses the use of process analytical technology (PAT) tools in green chemistry and engineering. It presents case studies on using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and reaction calorimetry to monitor and develop continuous bioprocesses and chemical reactions. Specifically, it examines how FTIR was used to monitor a biotransformation reaction and develop a continuous multi-step synthesis. It also explores how reaction calorimetry helped classify reaction kinetics and screen conditions to optimize reactions. The document emphasizes how PAT tools can advance green chemistry principles by enabling real-time process monitoring, improving reaction understanding, and facilitating continuous process development and scale-up.
Characterization of Liquid Waste in Isotope production and Research Facilitiesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Visible light assisted photocatalytic reduction of CO2 using a graphene oxide...Pawan Kumar
A new heteroleptic ruthenium complex containing 2-thiophenyl benzimidazole ligands was synthesized using a microwave technique and was immobilized to graphene oxide via covalent attachment. The synthesized catalyst was used for the photoreduction of carbon dioxide under visible light irradiation without using a sacrificial agent, which gave 2050 μmol g−1 cat methanol after 24 h of irradiation
Vapor growth of binary and ternary phosphorus-based semiconductors into TiO2 ...Pawan Kumar
We report successful synthesis of low band gap inorganic polyphosphide and TiO2 heterostructures with the aid of short-way transport reactions. Binary and ternary polyphosphides (NaP7, SnIP, and (CuI)3P12) were successfully reacted and deposited into electrochemically fabricated TiO2 nanotubes. Employing vapor phase reaction deposition, the cavities of 100 μm long TiO2 nanotubes were infiltrated; approximately 50% of the nanotube arrays were estimated to be infiltrated in the case of NaP7. Intensive characterization of the hybrid materials with techniques including SEM, FIB, HR-TEM, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and XPS proved the successful vapor phase deposition and synthesis of the substances on and inside the nanotubes. The polyphosphide@TiO2 hybrids exhibited superior water splitting performance compared to pristine materials and were found to be more active at higher wavelengths. SnIP@TiO2 emerged to be the most active among the polyphosphide@TiO2 materials. The improved photocatalytic performance might be due to Fermi level re-alignment and a lower charge transfer resistance which facilitated better charge separation from inorganic phosphides to TiO2.
Vapor Deposition of Semiconducting Phosphorus Allotropes into TiO2 Nanotube A...Pawan Kumar
The document describes the experimental methods used to synthesize and characterize hybrid fibrous red P@TiO2 and black P@TiO2 nanotube membrane materials for photoelectrocatalytic water splitting. TiO2 nanotube membranes were fabricated by anodization and then phosphorus allotropes were deposited via chemical vapor deposition. Characterization techniques included powder XRD, SEM/EDS, STEM/EDS, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, UPS, UV-Vis spectroscopy, KPFM, and gas chromatography to confirm the formation and properties of the hybrid materials. Structural analysis by XRD and Raman spectroscopy validated the incorporation of crystalline red and black phosphorus phases within the TiO2 nanotube membranes.
The document reports on a study investigating the geometrical optimization, spectroscopic analysis, electronic structure, and nuclear magnetic resonance of (S)-(−)-N-(5-Nitro-2-pyridyl) alaninol (SN5N2PLA) using density functional theory calculations. The Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectra were recorded and vibrational assignments were analyzed. Ultraviolet-visible spectra were also recorded and electronic properties like HOMO-LUMO energies were calculated. Nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts were calculated and compared to experimental data. The first hyperpolarizability and other properties were computed to investigate the compound's potential as a nonlinear optical material.
21st International Conference Organic Process Research & Development 2010 San...dominev
This document discusses using real-time calorimetry to improve operational efficiency. It presents case studies where ReactIR, FBRM, PVM and RTCal were used:
1) ReactIR developed kinetic models to minimize byproducts in pharmaceutical reactions and improve crystallization processes.
2) FBRM and PVM helped optimize a crystallization to reduce impurities below 0.5%.
3) RTCal validated switching to a low copper acrylamide grade for polymerization, showing a shorter induction period but similar maximum heat output. Real-time calorimetry provided process safety evaluation.
1) Recent advances in continuous flow chemistry allow for safer and more efficient reactions through the use of inline monitoring techniques like ATR-FTIR.
2) A Strecker reaction was optimized in a flow reactor using ATR-FTIR to monitor the reaction in situ which allowed for safer operation and higher yields through rapid stoichiometric optimization.
3) A chemoenzymatic sequence for the stereoselective synthesis of lactones was developed using a single-operation protocol combining continuous flow hydrogenation and biocatalyzed Baeyer-Villiger oxidation which provided a safer and simpler procedure.
Mixed-Valence Single-Atom Catalyst Derived from Functionalized GraphenePawan Kumar
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) aim at bridging the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. The challenge is the development of materials with ligands enabling coordination of metal atoms in different valence states, and preventing leaching or nanoparticle formation. Graphene functionalized with nitrile groups (cyanographene) is herein employed for the robust coordination of Cu(II) ions, which are partially reduced to Cu(I) due to graphene-induced charge transfer. Inspired by nature's selection of Cu(I) in enzymes for oxygen activation, this 2D mixed-valence SAC performs flawlessly in two O2-mediated reactions: the oxidative coupling of amines and the oxidation of benzylic CH bonds toward high-value pharmaceutical synthons. High conversions (up to 98%), selectivities (up to 99%), and recyclability are attained with very low metal loadings in the reaction. The synergistic effect of Cu(II) and Cu(I) is the essential part in the reaction mechanism. The developed strategy opens the door to a broad portfolio of other SACs via their coordination to various functional groups of graphene, as demonstrated by successful entrapment of FeIII/FeII single atoms to carboxy-graphene.
Analysis of Ketoconazole and Piribedil Using Ion Selective ElectrodesIOSR Journals
This document describes an analysis of two compounds, Ketoconazole and Piribedil, using ion selective electrodes. Four electrodes were prepared based on incorporating the ion-exchangers Ketoconazole and Piribedil into a PVC matrix using either DOP or DBP as a plasticizer. The electrodes showed wide usable concentration ranges, good selectivity, and were not significantly affected by pH or temperature changes within certain ranges. The compounds were successfully determined in solutions using potentiometric and conductiometric titrations as well as standard additions. The electrodes could potentially be used to analyze these compounds in pharmaceutical formulations.
The document discusses the synthesis and characterization of various photocatalyst materials for wastewater treatment. Particle sizes of TiO2 were prepared by hand grinding and ball milling, with smaller particle sizes from hand grinding showing better photocatalytic activity. Electron-doped TiO2 samples were synthesized via solid-state reactions and characterized using XRD. TaON was attempted through metathesis reactions but resulted mainly in LiTaO3; a subsequent iodine treatment improved the TaON yield. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was evaluated for the materials using a solar simulator, with effects of particle size, doping, and time monitored through spectroscopy.
An introduction to the use of ICP-MS in the clinical setting, that goes on to describe some potential new application areas for advanced instrumentation such as HPLC-ICP-MS, laser ablation-ICP-MS and immuno-tagging-ICP-MS for the measurement of biomolecules.
Radiological Analysis of Selected Organic Fertilizers in Zaria Local Governme...IOSR Journals
The activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides (40 K, 226 Ra 232 Th) in nine organic fertilizers were measured using NaI (Tl) gamma ray spectrometry. The results show that 40K mean activity concentration was 305.33±0.196Bqkg-1 ranging from 120Bq/kg to 907 Bqkg-1, 232Th mean concentration was 45.04Bqkg-1 ranging from 14.66 Bq/kg to 60.20Bqkg-1. While 226Ra mean concentration was 24.87±0.02Bqkg-1 with a range of 12.83 to 65.69Bqkg-1. Radiological hazard indices were calculated and the mean air absorbed dose rate was 51.59nGyh-1 it ranged from 30.33 to 101.23nGyh-1. The annual effective dose rate averaged 61.33μSvy-1(0.061) which is lower than the world average (0.07μSvy-1) it ranged from 33.39 to 124.51μSvy-1. The Raeq was 112.90Bqkg-1 which is far below the 370Bqkg-1maximum.The Hex and Hin averaged 0.31 and 0.37respectively. From Radiological point, organic fertilizers do not impart significant radiological risk, because the radiological hazard indices are lower than Bench marks.
A novel label-free cocaine assay based on aptamer-wrapped single-walled carbo...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective(s):
This paper describes a selective and sensitive biosensor based on the dissolution and aggregation of aptamer wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes. We report on the direct detection of aptamer–cocaine interactions, namely between a DNA aptamer and cocaine molecules based on near-infrared absorption at λ807.
Materials and Methods:
First a DNA aptamer recognizing cocaine was non-covalently immobilized on the surface of single walled carbon nanotubes and consequently dissolution of SWNTs was occurred. Vis-NIR absorption (A807nm) of dispersed, soluble aptamer-SWNTs hybrid, before and after incubation with cocaine was measured using a CECIL9000 spectrophotometer.
Results:
This carbon nanotube setup enabled the reliable monitoring of the interaction of cocaine with its cognate aptamer by aggregation of SWNTs in the presence of cocaine.
Disscusion:
This assay system provides a mean for the label-free, concentration-dependent, and selective detection of cocaine with an observed detection limit of 49.5 nM.
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Quality and elemental characterization of common spices of Bangladesh using nuclear reactor-based NAA and gamma irradiation techniques
1. Quality and elemental characterization of common spices
of Bangladesh using nuclear reactor-based NAA and
gamma irradiation techniques
Md. Mahfuzur Rahman
M.Sc. in Nuclear Science & Engineering
1
2. Outlines of the study
2
Introduction
Literature Review
Objectives
Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA)
Gamma Irradiation Technique
Experimental Setup
Results and Discussion
Summary
3. Introduction
Application of nuclear techniques is an important issue for
energy production as well as for food and environmental safety.
Spices are widely used as additional components to improve
flavor, color and taste of foods items since ancient times.
Spices are Contaminated by:
-Heavy Metals: Cr, Cd, As, Pb, Co, Ni etc.
-Foodborne bacteria: Bacillus, Salmonella, E.coli, Listeria,
Pseudomonus spp.
-Fungus- Aspergillus, penicillium and Mucor.
Probable Diseases: Cancer, heart disease, kidney disease
lungs, liver and diarrhea etc.
3
4. Introduction (Cont.)
Essential elements of Spices: K, Zn, Fe and Ca etc.
Neutron activation analysis (NAA): NAA is the
nuclear process used for determining the concentrations
of elements in a vast amount of materials. This
technique also applies to analyze in environmental,
biological and archeological samples.
Gamma radiation (GR): GR is a form of
electromagnetic radiation, which is the radiant energy
released by certain electromagnetic process and
expressed in waves.
4
5. Literature Review
Previous Research Works
1. Rahman, M., and Islam, M. A. (2019). Concentrations and health risk
assessment of trace elements in cereals, fruits and vegetables of
Bangladesh. Biological Trace Element Research, 191(1), 243-253.
2. Shaheen, N., Irfan, N. M., Khan, I. N., Islam and Ahmed, M. K.
(2016). Presence of heavy metals in fruits and vegetables: Health risk
implications in Bangladesh. Chemosphere, 152, 431-438.
3. Alam, M. K., Choudhury, N., Chowdhury, N. A., and Youssouf, Q. M.
(1992). Decontamination of spices by gamma radiation. Letters in
Applied Microbiology, 14(5), 199-202.
Observations from previous works
Limited number of samples were characterized.
Limited number of organisms identified from limited samples.
5
6. Objectives
To characterize essential and toxic elements in
common spices of Bangladesh using research reactor
based NAA and AAS techniques.
To assess physicochemical and pathogenic organisms
change in the studied spices due to different doses of
gamma irradiation.
To assess different hazard indicates as well as to
compare elemental data of the studied spices with
different international recommended values.
6
7. Neutron Activation Analysis
Fig: Illustration process of NAA
What is NAA?
Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is a highly sensitive method
for the accurate determination of elemental concentrations in a
material.
7
8. Equation for relative NAA
Where,
A= Activity of the radionuclide
N= Number of radionuclide
𝛔= Effective cross section for (n,ɤ) reaction
Ф= Neutron flux M= Mass of the element
𝝀 =Decay constant
𝒕𝒅= Decay time
𝒕𝒄 =Counting time
𝒕𝒊 = irradiation time W= Mass of the irradiated target element
Irradiation factor, 𝑭𝒊 = 𝟏 − 𝒆−𝝀𝒕𝒊
Decay factor, 𝑭𝒅 = 𝒆−𝝀𝒕𝒅
Counting factor, 𝑭𝒄=
𝟏−𝒆−𝝀𝒕𝒄
𝝀𝒕𝒄
Basic equation of NAA
W=
𝑨𝑴
𝑵θ 𝛔Ф𝑭𝒊 𝑭𝒅 𝑭𝒄
𝜣= Isotopic abundance of target element 8
9. Experimental Setup
Sample collection
There are total 25 no. of spice powder samples were collected from
local market of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Samples list
9
Sl no Name of samples
1 Red chili
2 Turmeric
3 Garlic
4 Ginger
5 Black pepper
6 Coriander
7 Cumin
8 Green chili
10. Experimental Setup
Sample preparation for NAA
Sample
collection
Drying Properly mixing packing
Standards
Peach Leaves (NIST-1547), Apple leaves (NIST 1515) and Lichen
(IAEA-336).
Fig: Steps of spices irradiation process
Vial Rabbit
system
Sample carrier HPGe Detector Monitor
Sample irradiation Steps
10
11. Experimental Setup
Experimental conditions
TRIGA Mark II Research
Reactor at AERE
11
Short Long
Irradiation time 1 min 7 min
Reactor Power 250 KW 2.4 MW
Counting time 5 & 10 m 30 m & 2 h
Thermal neutron
flux
1012 n/cm2/s 1013 n/cm2/s
12. Experimental Setup
Radionuclides with their half-lives and gamma-ray energies
Elements Product
radionuclide
Half-life Gamma-ray energy
(KeV)
Al 28Al 2.24 m 1779
V 52V 3.74 m 1434.1
Ca 49Ca 8.72 m 3084.4
Cl 38Cl 37.3 m 1642.4
K 42K 12.4 h 1524.6
Mn 56Mn 2.58 h 1810.7
Na 24Na 14.7 h 1368.6
12
For short irradiation
13. Experimental Setup
Elements Product
radionuclide
Half-life Gamma-ray energy
(KeV)
Co 60Co 5.27 y 1173.2, 1332.5
Cr 51Cr 27.7 d 320.1
Fe 59Fe 44.5 d 1099.2, 1291.6
Sc 46Sc 83.8 d 889.3, 1120.5
Br 82Br 35.3 h 554.3
Zn 65Zn 244 d 1115.5
13
For long irradiation
14. Quality control
Comparison of measured values with their certified values in
Peach leaves and Apple leaves
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
As Ca Cl Cr K Na Pb V
Concentration
ratio
Elements
Al Br Cd Co Fe Mn Ni Sc Zn
SRM-1547 (peach leaves)
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
As Ca Cl K Na Pb Zn
Concentration
ratio
Elements
SRM-1515 (apple leaves)
Al Br Cd Fe Mn Ni V
14
15. Results and Discussion
Element abundances (mg/kg) in the spices
15
Concentrations of 17 elementals were determined.
As, Pb, Ni and Cd concentrations were determined
by AAS and rest of the elemental concentrations
were determined by NAA.
Pb and Cd concentrations were higher than
WHO/FAO values.
16. Element abundances (mg/kg) in the spices
16
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
Red chili TurmericCoriander Cumin
Black pepperGarlic Ginger Green chili WHO
Conc.
(mg/kg)
As
Samples name
WHO Level (0.1)
17. Element abundances (mg/kg) in the spices
17
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Red chili TurmericCoriander Cumin
Black pepperGarlic Ginger Green chili WHO
Cr
Concentration
(mg/kg)
Samples name
WHO Level (2.3)
18. Health Risk Assessment Formula
Estimated daily intake (EDI)
Target hazard quotient (THQ)
Target carcinogenic risk (TCR)
THQ=
𝑬𝑭𝒓×𝑬𝒅×𝑬𝑫𝑰
𝑹𝒇𝑫×𝑻
× 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
Where, 𝑬𝑭𝒓= Exposure frequency of elements (365day/year)
RfD= Oral reference dose (mg/kg/day)
T= Average time (365 day/year ×70 year)
𝑬𝒅=Exposure duration (70 years)
EDI= 𝑭𝑰𝑹 × 𝑪𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 /𝑩𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕
Where, FIR= Daily food ingestion rate (g/person/day)
𝑪𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕= Element concentration (mg/kg)
𝑩𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕= Body weight (Consider 60 kg for adult)
TCR=
𝑬𝑭𝒓×𝑬𝒅×𝑬𝑫𝑰×𝑪𝑺𝑭𝑶
𝑻
×𝟏𝟎−𝟑
Where, CSFo= Oral cancer slope factor
(As=1.5, Pb=8.5×𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝐦𝐠
𝐤𝐠
/𝐝𝐚𝐲)
18
Consumption rate were considered from BBS data
19. Comparison of Total Intake and MTDI Values (mg/day)
Spices As Cd Cr Mn Ni Pb Zn
Red chili 0.012 0.016 0.322 2.70 0.042 0.073 3.48
Turmeric 0.007 0.005 0.036 2.04 0.021 0.058 0.758
Coriander 0.004 0.004 0.127 0.908 0.016 0.018 3.86
Cumin 0.003 0.004 0.167 1.83 0.009 0.063 2.19
Black pepper 0.008 0.003 0.177 14.8 0.016 0.035 0.807
Garlic 0.005 0.003 0.467 1.93 0.015 0.030 1.73
Ginger 0.004 0.004 0.064 10.0 0.008 0.093 0.673
Green chili 0.015 0.009 1.39 2.37 0.029 0.056 5.37
Total intake 0.058 0.048 2.75 36.5 0.156 0.427 18.8
MTDI 0.126 0.046 0.2 2-5 0.3 0.21 60
MTDI= Maximum tolerable daily intake 19
20. Non-Carcinogenic Risk
Spices name As Cd Cr Mn Ni Pb Zn
Red chili 4.14E-2 5.19E-3 2.14E-4 1.92E-2 2.10E-3 2.10E-2 1.15E-2
Turmeric 2.36E-4 1.72E-3 2.45E-5 2.18E-2 1.07E-3 2.47E-3 3.78E-3
Coriander 1.28E-2 1.22E-3 1.09E-4 6.02E-3 7.75E-4 5.25E-3 1.19E-2
Cumin 1.16E-2 1.38E-3 1.11E-4 1.21E-2 4.75E-4 1.69E-2 6.76E-3
Black pepper 2.72E-2 1.16E-3 1.17E-4 9.81E-2 7.87E-4 9.28E-3 2.49E-3
Garlic 1.55E-2 9.72E-4 3.11E-4 1.28E-2 7.58E-4 7.89E-3 5.33E-3
Ginger 1.24E-2 1.36E-3 4.27E-5 6.63E-2 3.79E-4 2.49E-2 2.08E-3
Green chili 5.07E-2 2.91E-3 9.29E-4 1.69E-2 1.48E-3 1.60E-2 1.79E-2
Total 1.72E-1 1.59E-2 1.86E-3 2.53E-1 7.82E-3 1.04E-1 6.17E-2
Non carcinogenic risk factor <1.0 indicates safe for health (Islam et al., 2019).
Index values for the studied elements are less than 1, therefore the consumption of
this spices are safe. 20
21. Target Carcinogenic Risk
Ele Red
chili
Turmeric Coriander Cumin Black
pepper
Garlic Ginger Green
Chili
Total
As 6.25E-7 7.29E-7 1.57E-7 5.40E-7 2.98E-7 2.52E-7 7.99E-7 4.76E-7 3.88E-6
Pb 1.84E-8 1.05E-8 5.25E-9 5.25E-9 1.22E-8 7.00E-9 5.25E-9 2.10E-9 6.60E-8
If the value is greater than 10-4 : Unsafe (Iqbal et al., 2016)
In this investigation, there were no carcinogenic risk to consume.
21
22. Gamma Irradiation Technique
Gamma irradiation is mainly treated due to sterilization purpose.
To eliminate the virus, bacteria, fungus and undesirable
organisms etc.
Spices were irradiated in the Institute of Food and Radiation
Biology, AERE, Savar, Dhaka.
Applied doses range in the spices: 2-10 kGy
Source: Cobalt-60 (Activity: 50 kCi)
Fig. Gamma source 22
23. Bacterial Load Reduction: Gamma Irradiation
Cfu/gm
23
If gamma radiation dose increases, number of bacterial load decrease
Here, (Cfu=colony forming unit)
24. Fungal Load Reduction: Gamma Irradiation
Cfu/gm
24
The graph represent that dose increases, number of fungal load decrease
25. Effects Irradiation on Physico-Chemical Properties
There are five properties: Moisture (%), Fat (%), Protein (%),
Ash (%) and pH were determined.
After 6
months
The result showed that no significant changes before and after gamma
irradiation 25
26. Organisms Identification: Selective Media
26
Six selective media were used to identify the foodborne organisms
Name of selective media Organisms
Pseudomonas agar
Xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar
Listeria selective agar
Bacillus selective agar
Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar
Thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose
(TCBS) agar
Pseudomonas spp.
Salmonella spp.
Listeria spp.
Bacillus spp.
E.Coli spp.
Vibrio spp.
Pseudomonas, E. Coli and Vibrio spp. were not found in this study
27. Optimum Gamma Dose Identification
Spices Dose
(kGy)
Bacillus
spp.
Salmonella
spp.
Listeria
spp.
0 m 6 m 0 m 6 m 0 m 6 m
Red chili 0 +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++
2 +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++
4 +++ +++ --- --- +++ +++
6 --- --- --- --- --- ---
Turmeric 0 +++ +++ --- --- +++ +++
2 +++ +++ --- --- +++ +++
4 +++ +++ --- --- +++ +++
6 --- --- --- --- --- ---
Optimum dose: red chili & turmeric=6 kGy, Cumin, Coriander, Garlic and Black
pepper=4 kGy, Ginger=2kGy 27
28. Summary
Elemental analysis of common spices of Bangladesh was carried out.
Concentrations of 17 major and trace elements (Al, As, Br, Ca, Cd,
Cl, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sc, V and Zn) in spices were
determined.
The concentration of As, Cd, Cr and Pb in some spices were found
higher than WHO/FAO permissible levels.
Total dietary intake values for Cr, Mn and Pb were noticed higher
than the MTDI values.
However, estimated non carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk values
were within the safe limits.
Optimum dose for decontamination:
Red chili and Turmeric: 6 kGy
Cumin, Coriander, Garlic and Black Pepper: 4 kGy
Ginger: 2 kGy.
28
29. Recommendation for Future Works
29
Molecular interactions due to exposure of
gamma ray will be analyzed by Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).
Fungal mycotoxin contaminations will be done
by HPLC.
30. International Publications
30
(1) M. Rahman, M. A. Islam and Ruhul A. Khan (2018).
Characterization of Chemical Elements in Common Spices of
Bangladesh for Dietary Intake and Possible Health Risk
Assessment by INAA and AAS Techniques. Journal of
Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, vol. 318, pp. 1347-
1357. (Springer). Impact Factor: 1.186.
(2) M. Rahman, M. A. Islam, Ruhul A. Khan and M. Salimullah
(2019). Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Foodborne
Microorganisms and its Impact on Physico-Chemical and
Sensory Quality of Spices During Storage. Journal of
Radiation Physics and Chemistry. (Elsevier) Impact Factor:
1.984
(Submission date: 07-08-2019; Manuscript no: RPC_2019_363)
31. International Conferences
31
(1) M. Rahman, M.A. Islam, M. Z. I Mollah, A. Z. M. Salahuddin and
R. A. Khan (2018). “Effects of Gamma Radiation on Physico-
Chemical Properties and Elemental Characterization of
Common Spices of Bangladesh.” Presented (Oral) International
Conference on Physics-2018. Organized by Bangladesh Physical
Society, Dhaka University (DU). Date: 08-10 March, 2018.
(2) M. Rahman, M. A. Islam, M. S. Rahman, M. M. Zaved and R. A.
Khan (2017). “Assessment of Essential and Toxic Elements in
Common Spices of Bangladesh by Neutron Activation
Analysis.” Presented (Oral) at 2nd International Conference on
Physics for Sustainable Development and Technology 2017.
Organized by Department of Physics, Chittagong University of
Engineering and Technology (CUET). Date: 10-11 December,
2017.
32. References
32
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