This document discusses faults and earthquakes. It begins by defining an objective to describe the three types of faults and how they relate to stress. It then discusses normal faults which occur during extension and form where the hanging wall moves down. It also discusses thrust faults which occur during compression and form where the hanging wall moves up. Strike-slip faults are described where the fault blocks move horizontally past each other. The document concludes with tasks for students to complete fault simulations and assess their understanding of faults and earthquakes.

1. Earthquake and Fault
Quarter 2 Week 1

2. Kumusta ka?
On a scale
of 1 to 5,
kindly
share to us
how do you
feel today
☺

3. Curiosities Activities
OBJECTIVES:
1. Define fault and explain how it is formed.
2. Describe the three types of fault and relate the types of
stress associated with each type.
3. Describe the effects of bending of rocks along faults.
4. Simulate how movements along faults generate
earthquakes using models.

4. A V D V G T E I T K J E
M S H A K E F R U D S V
O B T P C O O Q M Z U I
V W D R I M L P B U D T
E M K A E J E S L F D C
M V I R D S Q D E Y E U
E I T O U C S B P H N R
N X J N Z R Y O K L F T
T U G V I O L E N T P S
O S H O C K B N I L R E
E D N O I T A R B I V D

5. A V D V G T E I T K J E
M S H A K E F R U D S V
O B T P C O O Q M Z U I
V W D R I M L P B U D T
E M K A E J E S L F D C
M V I R D S Q D E Y E U
E I T O U C S B P H N R
N X J N Z R Y O K L F T
T U G V I O L E N T P S
O S H O C K B N I L R E
E D N O I T A R B I V D
v
v

6. The words from the puzzle are related to this
this geologic event. What is it?

7. E A R T H Q U A K E
The words from the puzzle are related to this
this geologic event. What is it?

8. ❑Have you experience an Earthquake?
When did you experience it?
❑What did you feel when the earthquake
happens?
❑What did you do while it is occurring?
❑What did you do after the earthquake?
Earthquake and I

9. Try It: Fault in Paper
Material: Paper
CAUTION: BE CAREFUL IN DOING THE ACTIVITY TO AVOID PAPER CUT WOUND.
Procedure:
1. Get a piece of paper.
2. Hold the paper with two hands. Try to pull the paper apart from each
other. Write and draw your observation on the table below.
3. Get another piece of paper. Place it on smooth surface. Place your
hands on the top of the paper. Push your left hand while pull your right
hand. You can used strong force. Observe what happen.
4. Using another sheet of paper, try to push the paper from the sides to
the center. What happen?
5. Do not throw the paper immediately. Place it on smooth surface.

11. Questions
1. What happen to the paper as you pull it
apart, slide it and push it towards its
center?
2. When you exert forces on the paper as
you perform the activity, you can see that
there are changes in the paper. What is
the common change that you see on the
papers?
3. Does your paper tear? If yes, try to put
the paper back together. What does it look
like?
4. When you placed the tear papers back
together, you can see crack on the paper
and that could be similar to the fault
found on the large blocks on earth. How
would you describe a fault?

12. Questions
1. What happen to the paper as you pull it apart, slide it and push it towards
its center? If force is enough the paper will tear apart or crumpled.
2. When you exert forces on the paper as you perform the activity, you can
see that there are changes in the paper. What is the common change that
you see on the papers?
3. Does your paper tear? If yes try to put the paper back together. What does
it look like?
4. When you placed the tear papers back together, you can see crack on the
paper and that could be similar to the fault found on the large blocks on
earth. How would you describe a fault?

13. Questions
1. What happen to the paper as you pull it apart, slide it and push it towards
its center? If force is enough the paper will tear apart or crumpled.
2. When you exert forces on the paper as you perform the activity, you can
see that there are changes in the paper. What is the common change that
you see on the papers? There is tear or crumple.
3. Does your paper tear? If yes try to put the paper back together. What does
it look like?
4. When you placed the tear papers back together, you can see crack on the
paper and that could be similar to the fault found on the large blocks on
earth. How would you describe a fault?

14. Questions
1. What happen to the paper as you pull it apart, slide it and push it towards
its center? If force is enough the paper will tear apart or crumpled.
2. When you exert forces on the paper as you perform the activity, you can
see that there are changes in the paper. What is the common change that
you see on the papers? There is tear or crumple.
3. Does your paper tear? If yes try to put the paper back together. What does
it look like? Yes, there is a crack in it.
4. When you placed the tear papers back together, you can see crack on the
paper and that could be similar to the fault found on the large blocks on
earth. How would you describe a fault?

15. Questions
1. What happen to the paper as you pull it apart, slide it and push it towards
its center? If force is enough the paper will tear apart or crumpled.
2. When you exert forces on the paper as you perform the activity, you can
see that there are changes in the paper. What is the common change that
you see on the papers? There is tear or crumple.
3. Does your paper tear? If yes try to put the paper back together. What does
it look like? Yes, there is a crack in it.
4. When you placed the tear papers back together, you can see crack on the
paper and that could be similar to the fault found on the large blocks on
earth. How would you describe a fault? Fault is a crack that separate the
two large block of rock

16. What do you expect about earthquake?
✓Movements of the ground
or rocks.
Earthquake
✓Movements may come in
different directions.

17. Because of tremendous
movement or friction
between rocks, it leaves a
crack or fracture along the
earth’s surface called
Fault

18. Faults
❖ A break, a crack or a
line along the earth’s
surface.
❖ A fracture on the earth’s
surface due rock mass
movement.

19. How do faults form along the earth’s ground?

20. Observe the earth’s ground from a top view.

21. When do faults formed along the earth’s ground?
It may formed along the
earth’s surface if the force
acts on ground will exceed
on its limit.
Elastic Rebound Theory

22. Features of fault:
▪A fault divides rock into two fault blocks
▪ HANGING WALL
▪ FOOTWALL

23. Hanging wall vs Footwall
▪Hanging Wall is the
block positioned
over the fault
▪Foot Wall is the
block positioned
under it.
Hanging wall
Foot wall

24. A.
B.
Hanging wall
Foot wall

25. TYPES OF FAULT

26. NORMAL FAULTS (extensional
fault)
•occurs when the crust is
extended.
• The hanging wall moves
downward, relative to the
footwall.
•Form in regions of lateral
extension

27. EXAMPLES OF
NORMAL FAULTS
Conjugate Normal Faults,
Canyonlands National Park
darkwing.uoregon.edu/~millerm/conjN1.html
Normal Fault Scarps, Turkey
www.msnucleus.org/.../pt/hazards/4/pth4_1a.html
Outcrop scale normal faults

28. THRUST or REVERSE FAULTS
▪occur in areas undergoing
compression (squishing).
▪which the hanging wall
moves up relative to the
footwall
▪Form in regions of lateral
compression

29. EXAMPLES OF
THRUST
FAULTS
Thrust Fault in Concrete from 1964 Quake,
Anchorage, Alaska
www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/.../alaska/0709log.html
Thrust Fault in Sediments
www001.upp.so-net.ne.jp/fl-fg/05-01.htm
Outcrop scale thrust faults
www.pitt.edu/.../7Structures/ReverseFaults.html

30. • STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS
- where fault moves side by sides.
▪RIGHT-LATERAL (DEXTRAL)
FAULTS: Strike-slip faults
across which the block
moves to the right
▪LEFT-LATERAL (SINISTRAL)
FAULTS: Strike-slip faults
across which the block
moves to the left.

31. EXAMPLES OF
STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS
San Andreas Fault, CA
http://education.usgs.gov/california/
pp1515/chapter2/fig2-21.jpg
Right Lateral Slip, Izmit, Turkey, 1999 Quake
http://www.geo.uib.no/jordskjelv/
index.php?topic=earthquakes&lang=en
Right Lateral Fault in Asphalt
www.uwsp.edu/.../fault_transform_photo.html

32. ____________ occur on ____________. A ___________is
a thin zone of crushed rock separating blocks of the
earth's crust. When an/a____________ occurs on one
of these ____________, the rock on one side of the
____________ slips with respect to the other. ... The
____________ surface can be vertical, horizontal, or at
some angle to the surface of the earth.
Complete the passage about earthquake. Read and understand
the sentences. Indicate whether it is EARTHQUAKE or FAULT.

33. ____________ occur on ____________. A ___________is
a thin zone of crushed rock separating blocks of the
earth's crust. When a/an ____________ occurs on one
of these ____________, the rock on one side of the
____________ slips with respect to the other. ... The
____________ surface can be vertical, horizontal, or at
some angle to the surface of the earth.
Complete the passage about earthquake. Read and understand
the sentences. Indicate whether it is EARTHQUAKE or FAULT.
Earthquake Fault Fault
Fault
Earthquake
Fault
Fault

34. Valuing:
What is the significance of
discovering fault in your area?

35. Assessment
MULTIPLE CHOICE: WRITE THE LETTER OF THE BEST
ANSWER.

36. 1.Which of the following can cause the earth’s surface to
break and form a fault?
A. If the rock particles bounce with each other
B. If the rock particles get wet because it absorb
water underneath
C. If the rocks give in from the force because it
goes beyond its limit
D. if the rocks have different thickness

37. 2. Earthquake is the movement of the earth’s ground.
Which of the following statements BEST describes
the cause of earthquake?
A. Earthquake is due to the friction of the different
rocks inside the earth.
B. Earthquake is due to the amount of water absorb
by the ground.
C. Earthquake is due to the transferred energy coming
from the sun.
D. Earthquake is due to the absorb heat from the
atmosphere.

38. 3. It is the break on the earth’s ground due to
excessive force underneath
A. Earthquake
B. Fault
C. Foot wall
D. Hanging wall

39. 4. Study the diagram. If A is the hanging wall and
B is the foot wall, in which direction of forces
will cause the hanging wall to collapse downward?
A.
B.
C.
D.

40. 5. Study the diagram. If A is the hanging wall and
B is the foot wall, in which direction of forces
will cause the foot wall to collapse downward?
A.
B.
C.
D.

41. 1.Which of the following can cause the earth’s
surface to break and form a fault?
A. If the rock particles bounce with each other
B. If the rock particles get wet because it absorb
water underneath
C. If the rock gives in from the force because it
goes beyond its limit
D. if the rocks have different thickness

42. 2. Earthquake is the movement of the earth’s ground.
Which of the following statements BEST describes
the cause of earthquake?
A. Earthquake is due to the friction of the different
rocks inside the earth.
B. Earthquake is due to the amount of water absorb
by the ground.
C. Earthquake is due to the transferred energy coming
from the sun.
D. Earthquake is due to the absorb heat from the
atmosphere.

43. 3. It is the break on the earth’s ground due to
excessive force underneath.
A. Earthquake
B. Fault
C. Foot wall
D. Hanging wall

44. 4. From the diagram, if part A is the hanging wall and
the part B is the foot wall which direction of forces
caused the hanging wall to collapse downward?
A.
B.
C.
D.

45. 5. From the diagram, if part A is the hanging wall and
the part B is the foot wall which direction of forces
caused the foot wall to collapsed downward?
A.
B.
C.
D.

46. Have fun learning!
Home Study Tasks
Quarter 2, Week 1
Day 1
Online Class
Day 2
Modular Class
Day 3
Independent Learning
✓ Answer the Quarter 2
Pre-Test (check the link
posted in the Google
Classroom)
✓ Attend online class
✓ Watch the videos
related to the topic (links
are posted in the Google
Classroom)
✓ Do the following tasks:
1. Activity 1:
Creation of Faults
pp.5-6
2. Activity 3: The
Stresses and the
Faults pp.8-9
✓ Accomplish “What
I Can Do” (Part 1
only) p.11

47. Have fun learning!
Home Study Tasks
Quarter 2, Week 1
Day 1
Modular Class
Day 2
Online Class
Day 3
Independent Learning
✓ Answer the Quarter 2
Pre-Test (check the link
posted in the Google
Classroom)
✓ Watch the videos
related to the topic
(links are posted in the
Google Classroom)
✓ Attend online class
✓ Do the following tasks:
1. Activity 1:
Creation of Faults
pp.5-6
2. Activity 3: The
Stresses and the
Faults pp.8-9
✓ Accomplish
“What I Can Do”
(Part 1 only) p.11

48. Answer:
Activity 1: Creation of Faults
pp.5-6

49. Answer:
Activity 3: The Stresses
and the Faults pp.8-9

50. Task for Independent Learning:
Accomplish “What I Can Do” (Part 1 only) p.11