The document defines earthquakes as the sudden, violent shifting of massive plates underneath Earth's surface that causes wave energy to transmit through bedrock. It identifies the key parts of an earthquake as the focus, epicenter, fault, and fault line. It explains that active faults have recent movement recorded, while inactive faults have no recent or expected future movement. The document also describes the three main types of faults: normal faults where the hanging wall moves down, reverse faults where it moves up, and strike-slip faults where blocks slide past each other horizontally.

1. Have you experienced an earthquake?

2. Goals:
Define what earthquake is.
Identify the parts of an earthquake.
Explain how earthquakes and faults are related.

3. Earthquakes
& Faults

4. How do earthquakes occur?

5. Earthquakes
• a natural phenomenon that is characterized by sudden,
violent shifting of massive plates underneath Earth’s
surface.
• are forms of wave energy that are transmitted through
bedrock.

6. Parts of an Earthquake
Line

7. Parts of an Earthquake
1. Focus – the point within the Earth along the geological faults where the
earthquake originated
2. Epicenter – point on the earth’s surface directly above the focus.
3. Fault - a crack or break in Earth’s crust along which rocks have moved.
4. Fault line – is a long and wide fault.

8. Active and Inactive Faults
• Active Faults
- a fault is classified as active when movement of rock layers
has been recorded in the recent past or displacement of rock
layers is expected because of the buildup of energy in the
area.

9. Active and Inactive Faults
• Inactive Faults
- are faults that moved in the distant past but do not have any
recent records of movements and have no indication of
possible movement in the future.

10. Types of Faults
1. Normal Fault – a fault in which the hanging wall
moves down relative to the footwall as a result of
extension.

12. Types of Faults
2. Reverse Fault – a fault in which the hanging
wall moves up relative to the footwall as a result
of compression.

14. Types of Faults
3. Strike-slip Fault – a fault in which two blocks
of crust slide past each other on the same plane.

16. How do earthquakes occur?

19. Directions: Identify the following. Write your answer on a ¼ sheet of paper.
1. The sudden shaking of the ground that we feel when rock layers of Earth
suddenly moves.
2. The point within the Earth along the geological faults where the earthquake
originated
3. A fault in which the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall as a
result of extension.
4. A fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall as a
result of compression.
5. A fault in which two blocks of crust slide past each other on the same plane

20. Directions: Identify the following. Write your answer on a ¼ sheet of paper.
1. The sudden shaking of the ground that we feel when rock layers of Earth
suddenly moves. Answer: Earthquake
2. The point within the Earth along the geological faults where the earthquake
originated. Answer: Focus
3. A fault in which the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall as a
result of extension. Answer: Normal Fault
4. A fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall as a
result of compression. Answer: Reverse Fault
5. A fault in which two blocks of crust slide past each other on the same
plane. Answer: Strike-slip Fault

21. Assignment:
• Directions: Answer the following questions. Write
your answer on a ½ crosswise paper.
• Why is it important to study earthquakes?
• How can you prepare yourself for an earthquake?