This document discusses different uses of purpose clauses in English. It provides examples of using "for" with a gerund to indicate purpose, as in "A pencil is for writing." It also gives examples of using "so as to/in order to" and "so as not to/in order not to" with the same subject. Finally, it discusses using "so that" or "in order that" with different subjects to indicate future or past time frames.

1. PURPOSE CLAUSES

2. USE OF OBJECTS: FOR + ING A pencil is for writing A torch is for seeing things in the dark A knife is for cutting food A tourist guide is for guiding tourists

3. SAME SUBJECT, AFFIRMATIVE He’s getting some money to buy the tickets for the concert He’s getting some money so as to buy the tickets for the concert He’s getting some money in order to buy the tickets for the concert

4. SAME SUBJECT, AFFIRMATIVE I went to the baker’s to /in order to/ so as to get some bread The thief attacked from behind to/in order to/so as to surprise them

5. SAME SUBJECT, NEGATIVE I drank a lot of coffee in order not to fall asleep. I drank a lot of coffee so as not to fall asleep. He shut the window in order not to / so as not to hear the noise of the street He came in quietly in order not to / so as not to wake the child

6. DIFFERENT SUBJECTS SO THAT + SUBJECT + CAN / WILL + VERB = FUTURE SO THAT + SUBJECT + COULD / WOULD + VERB = PAST

7. DIFFERENT SUBJECTS: I’ve come here so that we can talk . He spoke quietly so that nobody could hear him. He switched TV off so that the children couldn’t see violent images.

8. DIFFERENT SUBJECTS I am lighting the fire so that / in order that the house won't be cold. I will give her a key so that / in order that she can get into the flat at any time. I left the note on the pillow so that / in order that he would (could) find it.

9. DIFFERENT SUBJECTS FOR + OBJECT PRONOUN + TO INFINTIVE I’ve bought a cake for them to eat (so that they can / will eat it) I've bought this watch for your father to fix it up. (so that your father can fix it up) Did she bring her results for us to finish the report ? (so that we can finish the report)