This study aims to characterize the mechanical properties of hybrid steel-nylon fiber reinforced concrete. Various fiber volume percentages and fiber ratios were tested. Compressive strength, split tensile strength, and modulus of rupture tests were performed on specimens at 28 days. Results showed that with increasing fiber content, the mechanical properties of concrete generally increased compared to normal concrete without fibers. Steel fibers improved properties more than nylon fibers due to their higher tensile strength.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Study on Concrete Using Bottom Ash, Manufacturing Sand and Hybrid Steel and...IOSR Journals
This study in concrete is to study about hybrid combination of fibers such as corrugated steel and coir on the mechanical properties and concrete. From the compressive strength test and split tensile test carried out on 3Nos of cube and cylinder for each trial, it was observed that compared to control mix, compressive strength increases. The increase may be due to increased availability of fibers at the micro-cracks, increase in pull out strength due to bending and warpness of fibers and improvement in bond between fiber and matrix at the interface. The presence of steel fibers in hybrid combination with coir fiber has improved post-cracking behavior of the beam specimens
A Study on Steel Fiber Reinforced Normal Compacting ConcreteIJERA Editor
Plain concrete which is strong in compressive strength possesses a very low tensile strength, limited ductility
and little resistance to cracking. Internal micro cracks are inherently present in the concrete due to drying,
shrinkage and poor tensile strength, eventually leading to brittle fracture of concrete. Hence fibres are added to
concrete to overcome these disadvantages. Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is a concrete composite of cement,
fine and coarse aggregate and fibres with different proportions. In plain concrete, micro cracks develop even
before loading, particularly due to drying, shrinkage or other causes of volume change. The width of these initial
cracks seldom exceeds few microns. When loaded the micro cracks propagate and open up, due to the effect of
stress concentration additional cracks form in place of minor defects. Fibres enable concrete to progress from
plastic state to hardened state without weakness. This is achieved by the reduction of micro crack formation,
reduced segregation and decreasing the scope of capillary formation, thus reducing permeability. Generally,
fibres are chosen depending upon the aspect ratio.
Out of all types of fibres, steel fibres are mostly used because steel has high modulus of elasticity, high
elongation, high tensile strength and the bond between steel and the fibre is enormous. The present experimental
investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of steel fibres on physical and mechanical properties of
concrete, containing cold drawn carbon steel fibres of hooked end type having aspect ratio of 50 with diameter
0.6mm and length 30mm with varying percentages of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2.0% volume fraction is added to the
concrete. Concrete is evaluated for compressive, split tensile and flexural strength at 7, 28 and 90 days, with the
addition of 1.5% fibres, test results show the maximum compressive, split tensile and flexural strength, it
becomes the optimum value. Split tensile and flexural strength of concrete is done only up to 1.5% volume.
Moreover, the results confirmed that the steel fibre reinforced concrete reduce cracking and improves flexure.
STUDY OF STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF POLYESTER FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETEJournal For Research
Fiber Reinforced Concrete" is relatively a new construction material developed through extensive research and development work during the last two decades. Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is defined as composite material which consists of conventional concrete reinforced by randomly dispersed short length fibers of specific geometry, made of steel, synthetic (polymeric) or natural fibers. Plain cement concrete has very low tensile strength and causes formation of micro cracks in stressed and unstressed states of concrete. Also, it has a low strain at fracture and brittleness with less ductility especially in case of High Performance Concrete. Fiber Reinforced Concrete is the answer to modify these properties of Plain Concrete. The recent development of Secondary reinforcement in Concrete in various fields has provided a strong technical base for improving the quality of the material. To overcome the deficiencies fibers are used as secondary reinforcement. FRC is Portland cement concrete reinforced with more or less randomly distributed fibers. The choice of fibers varies from synthetic organic materials such as polypropylene or carbon, synthetic inorganic such as steel or polyster, natural organic such as cellulose or sisal to natural inorganic asbestos. The interaction between the fiber and concrete matrix is the fundamental property that affects the performance of a cement based fiber composite materials. An understanding of this interaction is needed for forecasting the fiber contribution and for predicting the behavior of such composites. In present investigation concrete with addition of polyester fiber Recron 3s at various at dosages of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.00% by weight of cement in the mix design is studied to find the optimum dosage of Polyster fiber for concrete.
Experimental investigation on effect of different shaped steel fibers on comp...IOSR Journals
Abstract: This paper presents the results of the experimental investigation of various strengths of steel fiber
reinforced concrete (SFRC). Variables considered in the research work of various shapes and fiber volume
fractions. Compressive strength is investigated using mix of M70 grade and hooked, flat and waved fibers with
aspect ratio 50. The fiber volume fraction is varied from 0.5% to 4% at an interval of 0.5% by weight of cement
separately. Standard test specimens for compressive strengths were cast and water cured for 7 and 28 days. All
the test specimens were tested according to relevant Indian Standards and standard test procedures available in
the literature wherever applicable. Compressive strengths are found to be increased continuously with increase
in fiber volume fraction.
Keywords: composites, SFRC, aspect ratio, fiber volume fraction, strengths
Strength Evaluation of Steel-Nylon Hybrid Fibre Reinforced ConcreteIJERA Editor
When fibres like steel, glass, polypropylene, nylon, carbon, aramid, polyester, jute, etc are mixed with concrete known as fibre reinforced concrete. To overcome the deficiencies of concrete; fibres are added to improve the performance of concrete. In this research hybrid reinforced concrete is made by using steel and nylon 6 fibres. The inclusion of both steel and nylon 6 fibres are used in order to combine the benefits of both fibers; structural improvements provided by steel fibers and the resistance to plastic shrinkage improvements provided by nylon fibers. So the aim of this project is to investigate the mechanical properties (compressive strength, flexure strength and split tensile strength) of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete under compression, flexure & tension. The total volume of fibre was taken 0.75 % of total volume of concrete. In this experimental work, four different concrete mix proportions were casted with fibres and one mix without fibres. Four different mix combinations of steel- nylon 6 fibres were 100-00%, 75-25%, 50-50% and 25-75%. Superplasticizer was used in all mixes to make concrete more workable. The results shown that compressive, split tensile and flexural strength of hybrid fibre reinforced concrete increase by increasing quantity of steel and nylon 6 fibres. The increase in compressive and tensile strength due to incorporation of steel fibre is greater than that of using nylon fibre. For the nylon 6 fibres, adding more fibres into the concrete has a limited improvement on splitting tensile strength. Inclusion of nylon 6 fibres along with steel fibres results in considerable improvement in flexural strength as compared to solo steel fibre.
Strength of Concrete Containing Basalt FibreIJERA Editor
This paper presents the comparative study of effect of basalt fibre on compressive and split tensile strength of M40 grade concrete. The basalt fibre was mixed in concrete by (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) of its total weight of cement in concrete. Results indicated that the strength increases with increase of basalt fibre content up to 1.0% beyond that there is a reduction in strength on increasing basalt fibre. The results show that the concrete specimen with 1.0% of basalt fibre gives better performance when it compared with 0.5%and 1.5% basalt fibre mix in concrete specimens.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Study on Concrete Using Bottom Ash, Manufacturing Sand and Hybrid Steel and...IOSR Journals
This study in concrete is to study about hybrid combination of fibers such as corrugated steel and coir on the mechanical properties and concrete. From the compressive strength test and split tensile test carried out on 3Nos of cube and cylinder for each trial, it was observed that compared to control mix, compressive strength increases. The increase may be due to increased availability of fibers at the micro-cracks, increase in pull out strength due to bending and warpness of fibers and improvement in bond between fiber and matrix at the interface. The presence of steel fibers in hybrid combination with coir fiber has improved post-cracking behavior of the beam specimens
A Study on Steel Fiber Reinforced Normal Compacting ConcreteIJERA Editor
Plain concrete which is strong in compressive strength possesses a very low tensile strength, limited ductility
and little resistance to cracking. Internal micro cracks are inherently present in the concrete due to drying,
shrinkage and poor tensile strength, eventually leading to brittle fracture of concrete. Hence fibres are added to
concrete to overcome these disadvantages. Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is a concrete composite of cement,
fine and coarse aggregate and fibres with different proportions. In plain concrete, micro cracks develop even
before loading, particularly due to drying, shrinkage or other causes of volume change. The width of these initial
cracks seldom exceeds few microns. When loaded the micro cracks propagate and open up, due to the effect of
stress concentration additional cracks form in place of minor defects. Fibres enable concrete to progress from
plastic state to hardened state without weakness. This is achieved by the reduction of micro crack formation,
reduced segregation and decreasing the scope of capillary formation, thus reducing permeability. Generally,
fibres are chosen depending upon the aspect ratio.
Out of all types of fibres, steel fibres are mostly used because steel has high modulus of elasticity, high
elongation, high tensile strength and the bond between steel and the fibre is enormous. The present experimental
investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of steel fibres on physical and mechanical properties of
concrete, containing cold drawn carbon steel fibres of hooked end type having aspect ratio of 50 with diameter
0.6mm and length 30mm with varying percentages of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2.0% volume fraction is added to the
concrete. Concrete is evaluated for compressive, split tensile and flexural strength at 7, 28 and 90 days, with the
addition of 1.5% fibres, test results show the maximum compressive, split tensile and flexural strength, it
becomes the optimum value. Split tensile and flexural strength of concrete is done only up to 1.5% volume.
Moreover, the results confirmed that the steel fibre reinforced concrete reduce cracking and improves flexure.
STUDY OF STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF POLYESTER FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETEJournal For Research
Fiber Reinforced Concrete" is relatively a new construction material developed through extensive research and development work during the last two decades. Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is defined as composite material which consists of conventional concrete reinforced by randomly dispersed short length fibers of specific geometry, made of steel, synthetic (polymeric) or natural fibers. Plain cement concrete has very low tensile strength and causes formation of micro cracks in stressed and unstressed states of concrete. Also, it has a low strain at fracture and brittleness with less ductility especially in case of High Performance Concrete. Fiber Reinforced Concrete is the answer to modify these properties of Plain Concrete. The recent development of Secondary reinforcement in Concrete in various fields has provided a strong technical base for improving the quality of the material. To overcome the deficiencies fibers are used as secondary reinforcement. FRC is Portland cement concrete reinforced with more or less randomly distributed fibers. The choice of fibers varies from synthetic organic materials such as polypropylene or carbon, synthetic inorganic such as steel or polyster, natural organic such as cellulose or sisal to natural inorganic asbestos. The interaction between the fiber and concrete matrix is the fundamental property that affects the performance of a cement based fiber composite materials. An understanding of this interaction is needed for forecasting the fiber contribution and for predicting the behavior of such composites. In present investigation concrete with addition of polyester fiber Recron 3s at various at dosages of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.00% by weight of cement in the mix design is studied to find the optimum dosage of Polyster fiber for concrete.
Experimental investigation on effect of different shaped steel fibers on comp...IOSR Journals
Abstract: This paper presents the results of the experimental investigation of various strengths of steel fiber
reinforced concrete (SFRC). Variables considered in the research work of various shapes and fiber volume
fractions. Compressive strength is investigated using mix of M70 grade and hooked, flat and waved fibers with
aspect ratio 50. The fiber volume fraction is varied from 0.5% to 4% at an interval of 0.5% by weight of cement
separately. Standard test specimens for compressive strengths were cast and water cured for 7 and 28 days. All
the test specimens were tested according to relevant Indian Standards and standard test procedures available in
the literature wherever applicable. Compressive strengths are found to be increased continuously with increase
in fiber volume fraction.
Keywords: composites, SFRC, aspect ratio, fiber volume fraction, strengths
Strength Evaluation of Steel-Nylon Hybrid Fibre Reinforced ConcreteIJERA Editor
When fibres like steel, glass, polypropylene, nylon, carbon, aramid, polyester, jute, etc are mixed with concrete known as fibre reinforced concrete. To overcome the deficiencies of concrete; fibres are added to improve the performance of concrete. In this research hybrid reinforced concrete is made by using steel and nylon 6 fibres. The inclusion of both steel and nylon 6 fibres are used in order to combine the benefits of both fibers; structural improvements provided by steel fibers and the resistance to plastic shrinkage improvements provided by nylon fibers. So the aim of this project is to investigate the mechanical properties (compressive strength, flexure strength and split tensile strength) of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete under compression, flexure & tension. The total volume of fibre was taken 0.75 % of total volume of concrete. In this experimental work, four different concrete mix proportions were casted with fibres and one mix without fibres. Four different mix combinations of steel- nylon 6 fibres were 100-00%, 75-25%, 50-50% and 25-75%. Superplasticizer was used in all mixes to make concrete more workable. The results shown that compressive, split tensile and flexural strength of hybrid fibre reinforced concrete increase by increasing quantity of steel and nylon 6 fibres. The increase in compressive and tensile strength due to incorporation of steel fibre is greater than that of using nylon fibre. For the nylon 6 fibres, adding more fibres into the concrete has a limited improvement on splitting tensile strength. Inclusion of nylon 6 fibres along with steel fibres results in considerable improvement in flexural strength as compared to solo steel fibre.
Strength of Concrete Containing Basalt FibreIJERA Editor
This paper presents the comparative study of effect of basalt fibre on compressive and split tensile strength of M40 grade concrete. The basalt fibre was mixed in concrete by (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) of its total weight of cement in concrete. Results indicated that the strength increases with increase of basalt fibre content up to 1.0% beyond that there is a reduction in strength on increasing basalt fibre. The results show that the concrete specimen with 1.0% of basalt fibre gives better performance when it compared with 0.5%and 1.5% basalt fibre mix in concrete specimens.
Influence of Carbon & Glass Fiber Reinforcements on Flexural Strength of Epox...IJERA Editor
Hybrid composite materials are more attracted by the engineers because of their properties like stiffness and high specific strength which leads to the potential application in the area of aerospace, marine and automobile sectors. In the present investigation, the flexural strength and flexural modulus of carbon and glass fibers reinforced epoxy hybrid composites were studied. The vacuum bagging technique was adopted for the fabrication of polymer hybrid composite materials. The hardness, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the hybrid composites were determined as per ASTM standards. The hardness, flexural strength and flexural modulus were improved as the fiber reinforcement contents increased in the epoxy matrix material.
Resilient Characteristics of Stone Matrix Asphalt MixesIDES Editor
Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) is a gap graded mix,
characterized by high coarse aggregates, high asphalt contents
and polymer or fiber additives as stabilizers. In comparison to
dense graded mixtures SMA has higher proportion of coarse
aggregate, lower proportion of middle size aggregate and
higher proportion of mineral filler. It resists permanent
deformation and has the potential for long term performance
and durability. In the present study, an attempt has been made
to study the resilient properties of mixtures of stone matrix
asphalt made with two types of conventional binders namely
bitumen 80/100 and 60/70, with 0.3% by weight of a non –
conventional natural fiber, namely coconut fiber. The mixes
are subjected to both static and repeated load indirect tensile
strength tests. It is observed that the natural fibres have
propounding effect on the resilient properties of the mixes.
Development of Graphite Particles filled Epoxy Resin Composite Material and i...IDES Editor
Experiments were carried out to study, impact angle
at constant velocity on the solid particle erosion behavior of
glass fiber reinforced graphite particles filled in epoxy resin
composites. In this work, the various ratio of graphite particles
in weigh were reinforced in glass fiber epoxy resin composite
laminates were prepared, and then evaluated at different
impact angles from 300 to 900 keeping the erodent impact
velocity as constant. The erodent used is silica sand with the
size varies from 100 – 150 microns of irregular shape. The
results were compared with plain epoxy laminate composites.
We find that erosive wear rates of glass fiber reinforced
graphite particles filled in epoxy resin composites is the lowest.
These graphite particles resists fiber matrix debonding. A
plain epoxy laminate composite without graphite particle filled
shows the highest erosive rate.
Taguchi Analysis of Erosion Wear Maize Husk Based Polymer CompositeIJMER
Amids the growing concern on environmental issues, science is seeking various alternatives to replace the synthetic and non degradable fibers composites with environment friendly biocomposites of comparable characteristics and performance. Visualizing the importance of polymer composites and owing to issue of ecological concerns, this experiment is an attempt to further investigate possibility of bio composites (Particularly maize husk) as an alternative of available synthetic polymer composites. Taking one leap forward the experiment also approximate qualities the effect of individual parameters on erosion by the application of Taguchi Technique. Experimental system were devised and designed to study the erosion rate of maize husk fiber Reinforced Polymer composites at various impingement angles, with profound variables such as particle velocity, fiber content, and particle size (erodent size) To cast the composite epoxy Resin LY 556 with corresponding hardener HY 551 was used. The erodent size was in range of it irregular shape. The tribological performance of sheets was investigated in respect to set of various variable parameters as suggested by L16 series of Taguchi Techniques. The morphological feature before and after the experiments were studies using SEM.
Analysis of the Flexure Behavior and Compressive Strength of Fly Ash Core San...IJERA Editor
In this paper, commercially available Fly Ash and Epoxy is used for the core material, woven glass fabric as reinforcing skin material, epoxy as matrix/adhesive materials used in this study for the construction of sandwich composite. Analysis is carried out on different proportions of epoxy and fly ash sandwiched composite material for determining the flexural strength and compressive strength, three different proportions of epoxy and fly ash used for the study. Those are 65%-35% (65% by weight fly ash and 35% by weight epoxy resin) composite material, 60%-40% and 55%-45% composite material. 60%-40% composite material specimen shows better results in the entire test carried out i.e. Flexure and Compression. The complete experimental results are discussed and presented in this paper.
EFFECT OF STEEL AND POLYPROPYLENE FIBER ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETEIAEME Publication
This experimental work describes the mechanical properties of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced concrete(HFRC).HFRC is prepared by adding any two fibres to the conventional concrete to make it a composite mixture and that derives benefits from each of the added fibre and exhibits significant response. The fibres which are used in the present experimental work is steel fibres and polypropylene fibres. Here the polypropylene fibres helps in resists initial cracks and shrinkage ,steel fibres helps in increase the strength of concrete. In present work M30 grade of concrete can be prepared according to the IS 10262:2009 reference code. these steel and polypropylene fibres are added by 50% each with different hybridization from 0% to 1.5%.For calculating strength parameters specimens are casted and cured for 28 days and tested in the lab for Compressive Test, Tensile Test, Flexural test. From the present investigation the strength parameter increases with the percentage of increase in fibre. Therefore here the hybrid ratio of 1.5% gives the more result when compared to other hybrid ratio.
Improvement in Strength of Concrete with Natural Fibers (Coir) & Artificial F...IJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper reports on a comprehensive study on the strength of concrete containing coir and steel fibers. Properties studied Include workability of fresh concrete, compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity for hardened concrete. To improve the strength of concrete steel fibers were added and fiber volume fraction was 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% in weight basis. Coir fibers have higher tensile strength as compared to other natural fibers, as the coir does not break easily with hand. To improve the strength of concrete coir fibers were added and fiber weight fraction was 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 4.0% in volume basis The laboratory results shown that steel fiber addition into Portland cement concrete Improve the tensile strength properties. However, it reduced workability. In case of coir fibers though the workability reduces both tensile and compressive strength increases.
Influence of Carbon & Glass Fiber Reinforcements on Flexural Strength of Epox...IJERA Editor
Hybrid composite materials are more attracted by the engineers because of their properties like stiffness and high specific strength which leads to the potential application in the area of aerospace, marine and automobile sectors. In the present investigation, the flexural strength and flexural modulus of carbon and glass fibers reinforced epoxy hybrid composites were studied. The vacuum bagging technique was adopted for the fabrication of polymer hybrid composite materials. The hardness, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the hybrid composites were determined as per ASTM standards. The hardness, flexural strength and flexural modulus were improved as the fiber reinforcement contents increased in the epoxy matrix material.
Resilient Characteristics of Stone Matrix Asphalt MixesIDES Editor
Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) is a gap graded mix,
characterized by high coarse aggregates, high asphalt contents
and polymer or fiber additives as stabilizers. In comparison to
dense graded mixtures SMA has higher proportion of coarse
aggregate, lower proportion of middle size aggregate and
higher proportion of mineral filler. It resists permanent
deformation and has the potential for long term performance
and durability. In the present study, an attempt has been made
to study the resilient properties of mixtures of stone matrix
asphalt made with two types of conventional binders namely
bitumen 80/100 and 60/70, with 0.3% by weight of a non –
conventional natural fiber, namely coconut fiber. The mixes
are subjected to both static and repeated load indirect tensile
strength tests. It is observed that the natural fibres have
propounding effect on the resilient properties of the mixes.
Development of Graphite Particles filled Epoxy Resin Composite Material and i...IDES Editor
Experiments were carried out to study, impact angle
at constant velocity on the solid particle erosion behavior of
glass fiber reinforced graphite particles filled in epoxy resin
composites. In this work, the various ratio of graphite particles
in weigh were reinforced in glass fiber epoxy resin composite
laminates were prepared, and then evaluated at different
impact angles from 300 to 900 keeping the erodent impact
velocity as constant. The erodent used is silica sand with the
size varies from 100 – 150 microns of irregular shape. The
results were compared with plain epoxy laminate composites.
We find that erosive wear rates of glass fiber reinforced
graphite particles filled in epoxy resin composites is the lowest.
These graphite particles resists fiber matrix debonding. A
plain epoxy laminate composite without graphite particle filled
shows the highest erosive rate.
Taguchi Analysis of Erosion Wear Maize Husk Based Polymer CompositeIJMER
Amids the growing concern on environmental issues, science is seeking various alternatives to replace the synthetic and non degradable fibers composites with environment friendly biocomposites of comparable characteristics and performance. Visualizing the importance of polymer composites and owing to issue of ecological concerns, this experiment is an attempt to further investigate possibility of bio composites (Particularly maize husk) as an alternative of available synthetic polymer composites. Taking one leap forward the experiment also approximate qualities the effect of individual parameters on erosion by the application of Taguchi Technique. Experimental system were devised and designed to study the erosion rate of maize husk fiber Reinforced Polymer composites at various impingement angles, with profound variables such as particle velocity, fiber content, and particle size (erodent size) To cast the composite epoxy Resin LY 556 with corresponding hardener HY 551 was used. The erodent size was in range of it irregular shape. The tribological performance of sheets was investigated in respect to set of various variable parameters as suggested by L16 series of Taguchi Techniques. The morphological feature before and after the experiments were studies using SEM.
Analysis of the Flexure Behavior and Compressive Strength of Fly Ash Core San...IJERA Editor
In this paper, commercially available Fly Ash and Epoxy is used for the core material, woven glass fabric as reinforcing skin material, epoxy as matrix/adhesive materials used in this study for the construction of sandwich composite. Analysis is carried out on different proportions of epoxy and fly ash sandwiched composite material for determining the flexural strength and compressive strength, three different proportions of epoxy and fly ash used for the study. Those are 65%-35% (65% by weight fly ash and 35% by weight epoxy resin) composite material, 60%-40% and 55%-45% composite material. 60%-40% composite material specimen shows better results in the entire test carried out i.e. Flexure and Compression. The complete experimental results are discussed and presented in this paper.
EFFECT OF STEEL AND POLYPROPYLENE FIBER ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETEIAEME Publication
This experimental work describes the mechanical properties of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced concrete(HFRC).HFRC is prepared by adding any two fibres to the conventional concrete to make it a composite mixture and that derives benefits from each of the added fibre and exhibits significant response. The fibres which are used in the present experimental work is steel fibres and polypropylene fibres. Here the polypropylene fibres helps in resists initial cracks and shrinkage ,steel fibres helps in increase the strength of concrete. In present work M30 grade of concrete can be prepared according to the IS 10262:2009 reference code. these steel and polypropylene fibres are added by 50% each with different hybridization from 0% to 1.5%.For calculating strength parameters specimens are casted and cured for 28 days and tested in the lab for Compressive Test, Tensile Test, Flexural test. From the present investigation the strength parameter increases with the percentage of increase in fibre. Therefore here the hybrid ratio of 1.5% gives the more result when compared to other hybrid ratio.
Improvement in Strength of Concrete with Natural Fibers (Coir) & Artificial F...IJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper reports on a comprehensive study on the strength of concrete containing coir and steel fibers. Properties studied Include workability of fresh concrete, compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity for hardened concrete. To improve the strength of concrete steel fibers were added and fiber volume fraction was 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% in weight basis. Coir fibers have higher tensile strength as compared to other natural fibers, as the coir does not break easily with hand. To improve the strength of concrete coir fibers were added and fiber weight fraction was 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 4.0% in volume basis The laboratory results shown that steel fiber addition into Portland cement concrete Improve the tensile strength properties. However, it reduced workability. In case of coir fibers though the workability reduces both tensile and compressive strength increases.
Life's tip from 18 of the world's wealthiestTrần Hữu Thọ
1000 years of collective experience:18 of The World Wealthiest advice life's tips. I certainly that these things will give you a lot of useful experiences, and motivation to make your dream come true !
Thank you, Joshua Engelking, Charlene Viger and Deb Rizzi for all your efforts in putting together such a great Lynk and Learn presentation for our employees. We had a great turn out for the event and many positive comments afterwards. I think this was one of the biggest turnouts we've had for a Lynk and Learn.
Generation Lynk will look into ways to provide more information on the topics that interest our members.
A Study on Effect of Sizes of aggregates on Steel Fiber Reinforced ConcreteIJERD Editor
Plain, unreinforced concrete is a brittle material, with a low tensile strength, limited ductility and
little resistance to cracking. In order to improve the inherent tensile strength of concrete there is a need of
multidirectional and closely spaced reinforcement, which can be provided in the form of randomly distributed
fibers. Steel fiber is one of the most commonly used fibers The present experimental study considers the effect
of aggregate size and steel fibers on the modulus of elasticity of concrete. Crimped steel fibers at volume
fraction of 0%.0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% were used. Study on effect of volume fraction of fibers and change of
aggregate size on the modulus of elasticity of concrete was also deemed as an important part of present
experimental investigation. This work aims in studying the mechanical behavior of concrete in terms of modulus
of elasticity with the change of aggregate size reinforced with steel fibers of different series for M30 and M50
grade concretes. The results obtained show that the addition of steel fiber improves the modulus of elasticity of
concrete. It was also analyzed that by increasing the fiber volume fraction from 0%, to 1.5% there was a healthy
effect on modulus of elasticity of Steel Fiber Reinforced concrete.
Mechanical Behavior of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Reinforced With Cer...IJCMESJOURNAL
In the present work, the mechanical properties of PMC specimens with various types of ceramic reinforcements were investigated. The PMC specimens were reinforced with glass, carbon fibers and Kevlar. The effect of the % content of the reinforcement material in the matrix and the effect of the applied strain velocity (2,4,6 mm/min) were found to affect the mechanical properties of the specimens.
Glass Fibre Concrete: Investigation on Strength and Fire Resistant PropertiesIOSR Journals
Abstract: Over the decades, there has been a significant increase in the use of fibres in concrete for improving
its properties such as tensile strength and ductility. The fibre concrete is also used in retrofitting existing
concrete structures. Among many different types of fibres available today, glass fibre is a recent introduction in
the field of concrete technology. Glass fibre has the advantages of having higher tensile strength and fire
resistant properties, thus reducing the loss of damage during fire accident of concrete structures. In this
investigation glass fibres of 450 mm length are added to the concrete by volume fraction of up to 1% to
determine its strength and fire resistant characteristics. Comparison of the strength and fire-resistance
performance of conventional concrete and glass fibre concrete was made. The paper presents the details of the
experimental investigations and the conclusions drawn there from
Effects of Carbon Nanotubes on the Compressive and Flexural Strength and Micr...LidaN16
Abstract—The needs of the human communities to build low weight, high strength and durable structures
have increased the demand for composite materials, including sandwich structures. In this case, sandwich
panels are used in situations requiring high mechanical strength, low weight, sound insulation and thermal
insulation properties. In this study, carbon nanotubes-reinforced composite honeycomb sandwich panels
were constructed using silicone molding. To determine the role of carbon nanotubes on the compressive
and bending behavior of sandwich panels, different amount of nanotubes was added to the epoxy resin.
Also, different thicknesses were tested to determine the role of core wall thickness on the compressive and
bending behavior of sandwich panels. The results showed that the compressive strength of honeycomb panels has a direct relation with the increase in the percentage of carbon nanotubes and the thickness of the
wall. The compressive strength of sandwich panels increased from 42 up to 54 MPa with increasing carbon
nanotubes from 0.025 up to 0.075 wt %. The compressive strength of sandwich panels with 5 mm honeycomb wall thickness and reinforced with 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075 wt % of carbon nanotubes compared to
sandwich panels with 2.5 mm honeycomb wall thickness was respectively 2.4, 2.1, and 2.2 times. The flexural strength of 5-mm honeycomb wall thickness and reinforced with 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075 wt % of carbon
nanotubes compared to sandwich panels with 2.5 mm honeycomb wall thickness, were respectively 3, 2.7,
and 2.7 times.
Properties of Cement Concrete Reinforced With Bamboo-Strip-Mat IOSRJMCE
Bamboo is very cheap, easily available, and available in ample quantity. Bamboo is cultivated in farm by farmers. Bamboo is having very good mechanical properties which attract many researchers to use it as reinforcing material in concrete. From bamboo small thin strips were prepared. These strips were tied together in two directions to form a bamboo-strip-mat. All these strips while making bamboo-strip-mat was tied together with small thin Mild Steel wire to ensure their position in mat formation. In this paper study is presented using bamboo-strip-mat as reinforcement in cement concrete prismatic section at bottom side. Concrete beams thus produced in laboratory were tested in flexure; results obtained were presented in this paper. Bamboo strips were prepared from old age bamboo.
THIS WAS THE PROJECT CARRIED OUT BY OUR TEAM AS A FINAL YEAR PROJECT. IN THIS PROJECT STEEL FIBERS WAS INDUCED ALONG WITH CEMENT MATRIX TO INCREASE THE DURABILITY, CRACK RESISTANCE AND FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF FERROCEMENT BLOCKS. THESE BLOCKS HAS MORE LATERAL STABILITY THAN ORDINARY BRICKS
Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Glass and Jute Fiber Hybrid Reinforced Epoxy Com...IJERD Editor
Glass Fiber reinforced composites are emerging as a potential material for a wide variety of
industrial applications owing to their good combination of physical and mechanical properties. In recent
decades, glass fiber composites parts are widely used as sliding components in different engineering
applications. Due to the legitimate theoretical and practical importance, the study of tribological performance of
these emerging materials becomes highly decisive. In the present research initiative, two type of reinforcements
are selected there are Glass and jute fibers with matrix of epoxy 551 was used for composite specimen
preparation. The frictional and wear characteristics of the developed composites have been studied under
different sliding conditions. From the results it is conclude that jute is more efficient in improving the
tribological Performance of glass-epoxy composites than the raw glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites.
1. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HYBRID STEEL-NYLON FIBERS USED AS
REINFORCEMENT IN CONCRETE
ABDUL KAREEM HASAN
ASHWINI. G
ABSTRACT
This study aims to characterize and quantify the mechanical properties of hybrid steel-nylon fibers used as
reinforcement in concrete. In order to realize the behavior of fiber reinforce concrete, different fiber percentages by
volume of concrete are used in this study with different mixes for each fibers percentage (nylon to steel).
Compressive strength, split tensile strength and modulus of rupture (MOR) tests have been performed in the
hardened state. Super plasticizer and silica fume are used in all the mixes to enhance the fiber reinforce concrete
mechanical properties. When compared to the control sample that contains no fibers, with the increase of fiber
ratio, compression strength, split-tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete increases appreciably. The result
showed that the steel fibers improve the concrete properties better than the nylon fiber due to their higher tensile
strength.
Keywords: Nylon fiber (NF), Steel fiber (SF), Hybrid steel-nylon fibers, Modulus of rupture (M.O.R)
Compressive strength, Flexural strength and Tensile strength.
1. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL
PERESPECTIVE
Concrete the most widely used construction material,
commonly made by mixing Portland cement with
sand, crush rock and water. In many countries the
ratio of concrete consumption to steel consumption
exceeds ten to one or one ton for every living human
being. Today, the rate at which concrete is used is
much higher than it was 40 years ago .It is estimated
that the present consumption of concrete in the world
is of the order of 11 billion metric tons every year.
[1] Concrete is a tension-weak building material,
which is often crack ridden connected to plastic and
hardened states, drying shrinkage, and the like. The
cracks generally develop with time and stress to
penetrate the concrete, thereby impairing the
waterproofing properties and exposing the interior of
the concrete to the destructive substances containing
moisture, acid sulfate, etc. The exposure causes
deterioration concrete due to reinforcing steel
corrosion. To counteract the cracks, a fighting
strategy has come into use, which is, mixing the
concrete discrete fibers. Experimental studies have
shown that fibers improve the mechanical properties
of concrete such as flexural strength, compressive
strength, tensile strength, creep behavior, impact
resistance and toughness. Moreover, the addition of
fibers makes the concrete more homogeneous and
therefore it is transformed from a brittle to a more
ductile material.[2]
The concept of fibre reinforcement used in building
material was first applied in MESOPOTAMIA
using straw of wheat in mud for building houses &
temples (as ziggurat-shaped). These ziggurats are still
standing now with bore hole as ventilation and mats
of reed with tar interval rows. There is evidence that
fibres were used to reinforce clay pots about 5000
years ago.[1]
Researches in the late 1950s and early 1960s by
Romualdi and Batson 1963 and Roulade and
Mandel 1964 on closely spaced random fibers,
primarily steel fibers, heralded the era of using the
fiber composite concretes we know today. In
addition, Shah and Rangan 1971, Swamy 1975.[2]
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM AND
MATERIALS USED
The properties of materials used in concrete mixtures
are given below:
Cement:
Ordinary Portland cement grade 53 is used
conforming to IS:12269-1987 and IS:4031part 5-
1988.
Fine aggregate:
Natural sand with a 4.75-mm maximum size is used
as fine aggregates. The grading of the sand
conformed to the requirement of IS: 383-1970, Zone
I.
Coarse aggregate:
Coarse aggregate used in this study is 12.5mm
maximum size conforming to IS 383:1970.
Water :
Potable water was used for the experimentation.
Fibers:
Two different types of fibres are used. The first is the
steel fibre having a ‘trough’ shape with hooks at both
ends and glued in bundles of 35 mm long and 0.55 mm
in diameter (aspect ratio = 64), tensile strength 1100
MPa , Youngs modulus 200 GPa, specific gravity 7.8.
The second is nylon fibre of crimped shape and
rectangular cross section of dimension 0.8×0.5 mm
,with length of 45 mm, tensile strength 896 MPa ,
Youngs modulus 5.17GPa , specific gravity 1.16.
Fig.1-(a, b) steel and nylon fibers. In this investigation,
three percentages of fibers by total volume of concrete
0.5%, 1% and 1.5% are used with mix proportion of
100-0%, 70-30 %, 50-50%, 30-70% and 0-100% for
each fibre percentage (nylon to steel).
2. a b
Fig. 1 (a, b) - Steel and Nylon fibers
Silica Fume:
Dry silica fume used which meets the requirements
of IS: 15388-2003.The used weight percentage by
cement weight for all mixes is 10%.
Super plasticizer:
A commercially available super-plasticizer
(Sikament® FFN) conforming to the specification in
IS: 9103-1999 is used throughout this work in all
mixtures. The weight percentage according to cement
weight is the same for all mixes and is 3%,
3. MIX PROPORTIONS
1) Control mix (without fibers) is designed in
accordance with the provisions of standard
practice for selecting proportions and
workability according to IS: 10262- 2009 and
IS: 456 -2000.
2) Mix proportion 1: 1.90: 3.35, cement, fine
aggregate and coarse aggregate respectively.
3) For normal mass concrete to have a 28-day
cube compressive strength of M20 MPa.
4) Three percentages of fibers by total volume
of concrete 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% are used with
five mix proportion of 100-0%, 70-30%, 50-
50%, 30-70% and 0-100% for each fibers
percentage (nylon to steel).
5) The water/cement ratio is maintained at 0.35
± 0.02.
6) Super plasticizer/cement ratio is kept around
3%.
7) The silica fume/cement is kept at 10%.
8) Concrete mixed were made by hand
(manually).
4. MIXING, CASTING, CURING
The procedures for mixing the fiber-reinforced
concrete involved the following:
1) The coarse aggregate and fine aggregate
were placed in a concrete pan and dry mixed
for 1 min.
2) The cement in addition to silica fume are
spread and dry mixed for 1 min.
3) About the half of the mixing water in
addition to the total amount of the super
plasticizer is slowly added and mixed for 2
min. After that, the specified amount of
fibers is distributed and mixed for 3 minutes.
4) The remaining water is added and the mixing
is done until good homogeneous mixture.
5) The freshly mixed fiber-reinforced concrete
is fed into the molds .The cubic molds for the
compressive strength measuring 15×15×15
cm, prism molds for the flexural specimens
measuring 10×10×50 cm and cylinder molds
for the tensile strength specimens 15×30 cm.
Three specimens are cast for each mentioned
test. After the feeding operation, each of the
specimens is allowed to stand for 24 hrs
before de molding, stored in water at 24±3C0
for 27 days, and then removed and kept at
room temperature until the time of testing.
We intend to test 144 specimens, plus 12 for
slumps and mix proportion equal to 156 test
specimens, divided in three groups , cubes,
cylinders, and beams to investigated
compression, tension , and flexibility. Each
groups 48 specimens (cubes, cylinders, and
beams).
5. EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY
5.1 Compressive Strength Test
Compressive strength of concrete is measured on 150
mm cubes in conformity with the test procedure was
carried out in accordance with IS:516-1959.
The average of the compressive strength of three
cubes is adopted for each test, and the test was
conducted at age of 28 days. Table1 and fig.2 showed
Compressive strength test results.
3. Table1-Compressive strengthtest results
Fig.2-Compressive strength test results
5.2 Split Tensile Strength
The split tensile strength is determined as per the procedure outlined in IS: 5816-1999. To assess the split tensile
strength of concrete cylinder specimens of 150×300 mm for each mix. The average results are adopted as in table
2, and fig.3 The tests was conducted at age of 28 days.
Table 2- Split tensile strength test results
Fig.3- Split tensile strength test results
5.3Flexural Strength (Modulus ofRupture M.O.R)
The 100×100×500mm prisms are tested according to IS: 10086-1982. Two points load are applied at the specimen.
The specimen is tested at the age of 28 days and the averages of three specimens to a mix are accepted as the
flexure tensile strength of that mix. Table3and fig.4
20.52
33.45
30.8
46.5
39.5
34.7
20.52
36.2
27.5
43.3
29.3
33.2
20.52
26.526.6
40
31
35.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Normalconcrete
100%NF-0%SF
70%NF-30%SF
50%NF-50%SF
30%NF-70%SF
0%NF-100%SF
Normalconcrete
100%NF-0%SF
70%NF-30%SF
50%NF-50%SF
30%NF-70%SF
0%NF-100%SF
Normalconcrete
100%NF-0%SF
70%NF-30%SF
50%NF-50%SF
30%NF-70%SF
0%NF-100%SF
CompressiveStrength(MPa)
Hybidization ratio
2.58
2.92.87
3.33.5
4.2
2.58
3.353.57
3.9
4.3
4.9
2.582.62.8 3
3.6
3.3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Normalconcrete
100%NF-0%SF
70%NF-30%SF
50%NF-50%SF
30%NF-70%SF
0%NF-100%SF
Normalconcrete
100%NF-0%SF
70%NF-30%SF
50%NF-50%SF
30%NF-70%SF
0%NF-100%SF
Normalconcrete
100%NF-0%SF
70%NF-30%SF
50%NF-50%SF
30%NF-70%SF
0%NF-100%SF
SplitTensileStrength(MPa)
Hybidization ratio
Sl.No. % of fibers in
totalvolume
of mix
concrete
Mix proportion
for each
fibers(nylon-
steel)
Average
compressive
strength
(MPa)
1
0 Normal concrete 20.52
0.5
100%NF-0%SF 33.45
70%NF-30%SF 30.8
50%NF-50%SF 46.5
30%NF-70%SF 39.5
0%NF-100%SF 34.7
2
0 Normal concrete 20.52
1
100%NF-0%SF 36.2
70%NF-30%SF 27.5
50%NF-50%SF 43.3
30%NF-70%SF 29.3
0%NF-100%SF 33.2
3
0 Normal concrete 20.52
1.5
100%NF-0%SF 26.5
70%NF-30%SF 26.6
50%NF-50%SF 40
30%NF-70%SF 31
0%NF-100%SF 35.5
Sl.No. Percentage
Of fibers in
total
volume of
mix
concrete
Mix proportion
for each
fibers(nylon-
steel)
Average
split
tensile
strength
MPa
1
0 Normal concrete 2.58
0.5
100%NF-0%SF 2.9
70%NF-30%SF 2.87
50%NF-50%SF 3.3
30%NF-70%SF 3.5
0%NF-100%SF 4.2
2
0 Normal concrete 2.58
1
100%NF-0%SF 3.35
70%NF-30%SF 3.57
50%NF-50%SF 3.9
30%NF-70%SF 4.3
0%NF-100%SF 4.9
3
0 Normal concrete 2.58
1.5
100%NF-0%SF 2.6
70%NF-30%SF 2.8
50%NF-50%SF 3.
30%NF-70%SF 3.6
0%NF-100%SF 3.3
4. Table3- Flexure tensile strength (M.O.R ) MPa
Fig. 4- Flexure tensile strength (M.O.R ) MPa
6. CONCLUSIONS
1. The following conclusions are driven from the present study:
1) Inclusion of steel and nylon fibers to the concrete mix strongly increased the compressive strength.
The strength increased up to 226.6% for a fiber volume fraction equal to 0.5%.
2) The use of hybrid steel-nylon fibers will increase the split tensile strength of concrete. The
maximum raise is for the fiber ratio 1% and reaches to 189.9%. However, the nylon fiber seems to
have a slight effect on the split tensile strength and the effect of steel fiber alone is larger than that
of nylon fiber.
3) When compared to the control mix which contain no fiber, increase of fiber volume fraction
provides an enhancement in the flexural strength for all hybridization ratio, and the maximum
increase reaches to 187.5% for fiber volume fraction 1.5%. Here too, the inclusion of nylon fiber
seems to have a slight effect on the flexure strength.
7.REFERENCES
1. P.Kumar Mehta (2013)- Concrete ,microstructure, properties, and materials
2. Rafat Siddigue( 2000)- Special structural concrete.
3. IS:8112-1989:Specification for 53 grade ordinary Portland cement.
4. IS:383-1970 : Specification for coarse aggregate and fine aggregate from natural sources for concrete.
5. IS:456-2000 :Plain and reinforced concrete code of practice.
6. IS: 2386(part-I, II, III, and IV) -1963: Method of tests for aggregates for concrete.
7. IS:516-1959:Method of test for strength of concrete
8. P.S. Song and S. Hwang, B.C. Sheu, (2005)- Strength properties of nylon- and polypropylene – fiber –
reinforced concretes. Cement and concrete research. 35: 1546–1550.
9. Faisal Fouad Wafa- Properties and applications of fiber reinforced Concrete JKAU:Eng. Sci .,Vol.2,pp
.49-63 (1410A.H./1990A.D.).
10. IS:5816-1999:Splitting tensile strength of concrete method test .
11. IS:15388-2003: Specification for silica fume
12. Yao, W., Li, J., and Wu, K- "Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete at Low fiber
volume fraction," Cem. Concr. Res., "Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 27-30, 2003.
13. Dr. Mazin Burhan Adeen- Determination of mechanical properties of hybrid steel-nylon fiber reinforced
concrete modern applied science Vol. 4, No. 12; December 2010.
Sl.No. % Of
fibers in
total
volume
of mix
concrete
Mix proportion
for each
fibers(nylon-
steel)
Average flexure
tensile
strength(M.O.R)
MPa
1
0 Normal concrete 4
0.5
100%NF-0%SF 4.85
70%NF-30%SF 5
50%NF-50%SF 5.3
30%NF-70%SF 6.5
0%NF-100%SF 6
2
0 Normal concrete 4
1
100%NF-0%SF 3.65
70%NF-30%SF 4.2
50%NF-50%SF 5.5
30%NF-70%SF 5.62
0%NF-100%SF 6.2
3
0 Normal concrete 4
1.5
100%NF-0%SF 3.55
70%NF-30%SF 5.4
50%NF-50%SF 5.8
30%NF-70%SF 6
0%NF-100%SF 7.5