This document outlines Francisco Almeida's doctoral dissertation on studying exchange springs and exchange bias using nuclear methods. The document begins with an outline of the key topics, including magnetism/magnetic interactions, researched systems, and conclusions. It then goes into more depth discussing ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism, interlayer coupling, and exchange bias. Specific systems researched are a surface spin-flop in an Fe/Cr superlattice studied using polarized neutron reflectometry, and exchange bias in Fe-Pt heterostructures investigated using Mössbauer spectrometry.
This document discusses metal-on-metal hip resurfacing and tribology. It summarizes that metal-on-metal bearings can generate lubricating films through relative motion if engineered properly with smooth surfaces, good sphericity, and optimal clearances. Historical failures were due to poor manufacturing and design issues rather than materials. Current critical issues include wear rates and metal ion release, which in-vitro studies are investigating for large metal-on-metal bearings.
Nanoparticle targeted drug delivery systemBINDIYA PATEL
This document discusses nanoparticles as subnanosized colloidal drug delivery systems ranging from 10-1000 nm in diameter. It defines nanoparticles and describes their basic concept of selectively delivering drugs to target tissues while restricting access to non-target tissues. The document outlines ideal characteristics of nanoparticles and various methods for their preparation, characterization, and evaluation. It provides examples of nanoparticle applications such as cancer therapy, intracellular targeting, vaccines, DNA delivery, and ocular delivery. The document concludes by listing references for further information on nanoparticles.
Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 10 to 1000 nm.
Nanoparticles are made of a macromolecular material which can be of synthetic or natural origin.
This document discusses nanotechnology and nanoparticles in pharmacy. It begins by defining nanotechnology as manipulating matter at the atomic scale between 1-1000 nm. In pharmacy, nanoparticles are used to synthesize, characterize, and screen particles at the nano range. The document then discusses various methods of nanoparticle preparation including emulsion polymerization, dispersion polymerization, and interfacial polymerization. It covers advantages and applications of nanoparticles in targeted drug delivery and concludes by discussing pharmaceutical aspects such as purification, freeze drying, and sterilization of nanoparticles.
O documento descreve a vida e obra de Francisco Almeida Grandella, um empresário português do século XIX que fundou os Armazéns Grandella em Lisboa e construiu escolas em Aveiras de Cima e Benfica, incluindo a Escola Dr. Francisco Maria de Almeida Grandella em 1906.
Deflagration in Magnetism, J. Tejada, A. Hernández-Mínguez, F. Macià, S. Vélez and J.M. Hernández
Grup de Magnetisme, Dept. de Física Fonamental, Universitat de Barcelona
This document discusses a study of exchange springs and exchange bias using nuclear methods. It first describes a study using polarized neutron reflectometry of a Fe/Cr superlattice that found evidence of a surface spin-flop transition at low fields. This transition causes the top spin layer to switch orientation before the remaining layers, and the irregularity propagates inward. It then outlines additional experiments on exchange bias in Fe-Pt heterostructures and through ion beam synthesis methods.
This document discusses magnetic deflagration and detonation in nanomagnets and manganites. It summarizes previous work on magnetic avalanches in these materials and introduces the concept of quantum magnetic deflagration. Key findings include observing deflagration fronts propagating at resonant magnetic fields and a potential deflagration to detonation transition. The document also discusses using surface acoustic waves and high-frequency EPR to study spin dynamics, as well as observing magnetic deflagration and colossal resistivity changes in manganites.
This document discusses metal-on-metal hip resurfacing and tribology. It summarizes that metal-on-metal bearings can generate lubricating films through relative motion if engineered properly with smooth surfaces, good sphericity, and optimal clearances. Historical failures were due to poor manufacturing and design issues rather than materials. Current critical issues include wear rates and metal ion release, which in-vitro studies are investigating for large metal-on-metal bearings.
Nanoparticle targeted drug delivery systemBINDIYA PATEL
This document discusses nanoparticles as subnanosized colloidal drug delivery systems ranging from 10-1000 nm in diameter. It defines nanoparticles and describes their basic concept of selectively delivering drugs to target tissues while restricting access to non-target tissues. The document outlines ideal characteristics of nanoparticles and various methods for their preparation, characterization, and evaluation. It provides examples of nanoparticle applications such as cancer therapy, intracellular targeting, vaccines, DNA delivery, and ocular delivery. The document concludes by listing references for further information on nanoparticles.
Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 10 to 1000 nm.
Nanoparticles are made of a macromolecular material which can be of synthetic or natural origin.
This document discusses nanotechnology and nanoparticles in pharmacy. It begins by defining nanotechnology as manipulating matter at the atomic scale between 1-1000 nm. In pharmacy, nanoparticles are used to synthesize, characterize, and screen particles at the nano range. The document then discusses various methods of nanoparticle preparation including emulsion polymerization, dispersion polymerization, and interfacial polymerization. It covers advantages and applications of nanoparticles in targeted drug delivery and concludes by discussing pharmaceutical aspects such as purification, freeze drying, and sterilization of nanoparticles.
O documento descreve a vida e obra de Francisco Almeida Grandella, um empresário português do século XIX que fundou os Armazéns Grandella em Lisboa e construiu escolas em Aveiras de Cima e Benfica, incluindo a Escola Dr. Francisco Maria de Almeida Grandella em 1906.
Deflagration in Magnetism, J. Tejada, A. Hernández-Mínguez, F. Macià, S. Vélez and J.M. Hernández
Grup de Magnetisme, Dept. de Física Fonamental, Universitat de Barcelona
This document discusses a study of exchange springs and exchange bias using nuclear methods. It first describes a study using polarized neutron reflectometry of a Fe/Cr superlattice that found evidence of a surface spin-flop transition at low fields. This transition causes the top spin layer to switch orientation before the remaining layers, and the irregularity propagates inward. It then outlines additional experiments on exchange bias in Fe-Pt heterostructures and through ion beam synthesis methods.
This document discusses magnetic deflagration and detonation in nanomagnets and manganites. It summarizes previous work on magnetic avalanches in these materials and introduces the concept of quantum magnetic deflagration. Key findings include observing deflagration fronts propagating at resonant magnetic fields and a potential deflagration to detonation transition. The document also discusses using surface acoustic waves and high-frequency EPR to study spin dynamics, as well as observing magnetic deflagration and colossal resistivity changes in manganites.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
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Public Doctoral Defense in Nuclear Physics
1. Exchange springs and exchange bias
studied with nuclear methods
Francisco Miguel Cruz Sim˜es de Almeida
o
Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica
December 6, 2011
Promotors:
Prof. Dr. Andr´ Vantomme
e
Dr. Johan Meersschaut
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 1 / 36
2. Outline
Magnetism and magnetic interactions
Ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism
Interlayer coupling
Exchange bias
Researched systems
Surface spin-flop in an Fe/Cr superlattice
Exchange bias in Fe-Pt heterostructures
Exchange bias through ion beam synthesis
Conclusions
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 2 / 36
3. Magnetism and magnetic interactions
Magnetism and magnetic interactions
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 3 / 36
4. Magnetism and magnetic interactions Ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism
Ferromagnets
Ferromagnetic hysteresis
M
S
1.0 M
R
H
0 S
0.5
S
M/M
0.0
H
0 C
-0.5
-1.0
-0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2
H (T)
0
Total magnetization (MS ).
Saturation field (µ0 HS ).
Remanent magnetization (MR ).
Coercive field (µ0 HC ).
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 4 / 36
5. Magnetism and magnetic interactions Ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism
Antiferromagnets
Antiferromagnets have no net magnetization.
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 5 / 36
6. Magnetism and magnetic interactions Ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism
Magnetic interactions
Between ferromagnetic layers
Interlayer exchange coupling
Between a ferromagnet and an antiferromagnet
Exchange bias
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 6 / 36
7. Magnetism and magnetic interactions Interlayer coupling
Interlayer coupling
Coupling between ferromagnetic layers separated by a spacer layer.
Bilinear Biquadratic
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 7 / 36
8. Magnetism and magnetic interactions Exchange bias
Exchange bias
Example of an oxidized cobalt thin film
1.0
0.5
(a.u.)
0.0
S
M/M
-0.5
-1.0
-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3
H (T)
0
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 8 / 36
9. Magnetism and magnetic interactions Exchange bias
Exchange bias
Example of an oxidized cobalt thin film
Effects observed on the hysteresis loop upon field cooling
Loop shift and broadening
1.0 room temperature
10 K
0.5
(a.u.)
0.0
S
M/M
-0.5
-1.0
-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3
H (T)
0
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 8 / 36
10. Magnetism and magnetic interactions Exchange bias
Exchange bias
Example of an oxidized cobalt thin film
Effects observed on the hysteresis loop upon field cooling
Loop shift and broadening
Training
1.0 room temperature
10 K (first)
10 K (second)
0.5
(a.u.)
0.0
S
M/M
-0.5
-1.0
-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3
H (T)
0
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 8 / 36
11. Researched systems Surface spin-flop in Fe/Cr
Surface spin-flop in an Fe/Cr superlattice
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 9 / 36
12. Researched systems Surface spin-flop in Fe/Cr
Fe/Cr superlattice
Multilayer consisting of 22 repetitions of an Fe/Cr bilayer structure
˚
Fe layers 40 A thick.
Cr layers 11 ˚ thick.
A
Fe
Cr
Fe
Cr
Fe
Cr
Fe
Cr
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 10 / 36
13. Researched systems Surface spin-flop in Fe/Cr
Fe/Cr superlattice
Multilayer consisting of 22 repetitions of an Fe/Cr bilayer structure
˚
Fe layers 40 A thick and antiferromagnetically coupled.
Cr layers 11 ˚ thick.
A
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 10 / 36
14. Researched systems Surface spin-flop in Fe/Cr
Fe/Cr superlattice
Magnetic response
1.0 Easy axis a
0.8 25 mT
[010]
H
0.6
[001]
M/Ms
0.4 250 mT
0.2
0.0
1.0 Hard axis b
0.8 25 mT H
1]
[0
0.6
0
1
[0
0]
M/Ms
0.4 75 mT
0.2
0.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
µ0H (T)
J. Meersschaut et al., PRB 73, 144428 (2006)
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 11 / 36
15. Researched systems Surface spin-flop in Fe/Cr
Fe/Cr superlattice
Magnetic response
1.0 Easy axis a
0.8 25 mT
[010]
H
0.6
[001]
M/Ms
0.4 250 mT
0.2
0.0
1.0 Hard axis b
0.8 25 mT H
1]
[0
0.6
0
1
[0
0]
M/Ms
0.4 75 mT
0.2
0.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
µ0H (T)
J. Meersschaut et al., PRB 73, 144428 (2006)
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 11 / 36
16. Researched systems Surface spin-flop in Fe/Cr
Surface spin-flop
(S)
Transition (HC ) that causes a top spin/layer to switch orientation before the
remaining spins/layers of an antiferromagnet. The irregularity propagates to the
(B)
middle of the spin chain, and leads to a bulk spin-flop (HC ).
(S)
HC : surface spin-flop field
(B)
HC : bulk spin-flop field
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 12 / 36
17. Researched systems Surface spin-flop in Fe/Cr
Surface spin-flop
(S)
Transition (HC ) that causes a top spin/layer to switch orientation before the
remaining spins/layers of an antiferromagnet. The irregularity propagates to the
(B)
middle of the spin chain, and leads to a bulk spin-flop (HC ).
(S)
HC : surface spin-flop field
(B)
HC : bulk spin-flop field
How to visualize a surface spin-flop?
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 12 / 36
18. Researched systems Surface spin-flop in Fe/Cr
Polarized Neutron Reflectometry
Similar to X-ray reflectometry.
Sensitive to structural periodicity.
Also sensitive to magnetic periodicity.
Experiment performed in the neutron reflectometer at the Helmholtz
Zentrum, Berlin.
˚
Neutron wavelength λ = 4.66 A.
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 13 / 36
21. Researched systems Exchange bias in Fe-Pt alloys
Exchange bias in Fe-Pt heterostructures
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 16 / 36
22. Researched systems Exchange bias in Fe-Pt alloys
Fe-Pt heterostructures
Origin of exchange bias notoriously difficult to identify.
Behavior very varied from system to system.
Many models of limited applicability.
Most applied techniques focus on the ferromagnet.
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 17 / 36
23. Researched systems Exchange bias in Fe-Pt alloys
Fe-Pt heterostructures
Origin of exchange bias notoriously difficult to identify.
Behavior very varied from system to system.
Many models of limited applicability.
Most applied techniques focus on the ferromagnet.
Looking into the antiferromagnet:
Local information from the antiferromagnet.
M¨ssbauer spectrometry of 57 Fe.
o
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 17 / 36
24. Researched systems Exchange bias in Fe-Pt alloys
Fe-Pt heterostructures
Origin of exchange bias notoriously difficult to identify.
Behavior very varied from system to system.
Many models of limited applicability.
Most applied techniques focus on the ferromagnet.
Looking into the antiferromagnet:
Local information from the antiferromagnet.
M¨ssbauer spectrometry of 57 Fe.
o
Let us take advantage of M¨ssbauer spectrometry.
o
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 17 / 36
25. Researched systems Exchange bias in Fe-Pt alloys
¨
Mossbauer spectrometry
Source Absorber
Detector
γ
γ
v γ
e-
X-rays
Resonant absorption of γ radiation through Doppler shift
Very sensitive to small energy level shifts
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 18 / 36
26. Researched systems Exchange bias in Fe-Pt alloys
Fe-Pt alloys
FePt3 ( Antiferromagnetic, L12 )
FePt ( Ferromagnetic, L10 )
(Fe: red spheres, Pt: white spheres)
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 19 / 36
27. Researched systems Exchange bias in Fe-Pt alloys
Fe-Pt alloys
FePt3 ( Antiferromagnetic, L12 )
Au (capping)
57
FePt 3(h)
FePt (d=100 Å)
MgO (110) (substrate)
FePt ( Ferromagnetic, L10 )
(Fe: red spheres, Pt: white spheres)
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 19 / 36
28. Researched systems Exchange bias in Fe-Pt alloys
Magnetism of FePt3
a) T < 160 K: Q1 wave mode, uncompensated (110) surface
b) T < 100 K: Q2 wave mode, compensated (110) surface
S. Maat et al., PRB 63, 134426 (2001)
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 20 / 36
29. Researched systems Exchange bias in Fe-Pt alloys
FePt/FePt3 (110) bilayers
Magnetic response
FePt semi-easy axis FePt hard axis
1.0 SSSSSSSSSSSSSS 1.0 SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSSSS
0.5 0.5 SSSSSSSS
M/MS (a.u.)
M/MS (a.u.)
SS
0.0 0.0
-0.5 FePt -0.5 FePt
FePt 3
-1.0 H -1.0 FePt 3 // H
-2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0
μ0H (T) μ0H (T)
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 21 / 36
30. Researched systems Exchange bias in Fe-Pt alloys
FePt/FePt3 (110) bilayers
Exchange bias (100 ˚ FePt/300 ˚ FePt3 )
A A
Observed using a dual approach:
Volume magnetization information (magnetometry).
Local information (M¨ssbauer from the
o 57 FePt
3 ).
400 HE 1.0
HC 0.5
M/MS (a.u.)
650000
300 0.0
μ 0HC , μ 0HE (mT)
-0.5
yield (a.u.)
200 -1.0
640000
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
μ0H (T)
100
630000
0
-100
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 -1 0 1
T (K) v (mm/s)
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 22 / 36
31. Researched systems Exchange bias in Fe-Pt alloys
FePt/FePt3 (110) bilayers
Exchange bias (100 ˚ FePt/300 ˚ FePt3 )
A A
What we observe:
Very high roughness and/or intermixing.
Spin-flop coupling between the FePt and the FePt3 .
400 HE 1.0
HC 0.5
M/MS (a.u.)
650000
300 0.0
μ 0HC , μ 0HE (mT)
-0.5
yield (a.u.)
200 -1.0
640000
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
μ0H (T)
100
630000
0
-100
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 -1 0 1
T (K) v (mm/s)
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 22 / 36
32. Researched systems Exchange bias in Fe-Pt alloys
Off-stoichiometric Fe-Pt film
What happens if we field cool a mixture of Fe0.33 Pt0.67 ?
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 23 / 36
33. Researched systems Exchange bias in Fe-Pt alloys
Off-stoichiometric Fe-Pt film
What happens if we field cool a mixture of Fe0.33 Pt0.67 ?
0
625000
(mT)
-10
Yield (a.u.)
E
H
620000
0
-20
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
615000
-30
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 -5 0 5
T (K) v (mm/s)
Two thirds of the sample ferromagnetically ordered at room
temperature.
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 23 / 36
34. Researched systems Exchange bias through ion implantation
Exchange bias through ion beam synthesis
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 24 / 36
35. Researched systems Ion implantation
Ion implantation
Ion source
Target
Mass separation
Isotope selective technique.
Control over implantation energy and amount of ions (fluence).
Gaussian implantation profiles.
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 25 / 36
36. Researched systems Ion implantation
Ion beam synthesis
New method for obtaining exchange bias.
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 26 / 36
37. Researched systems Ion implantation
Ion beam synthesis
New method for obtaining exchange bias.
Reactive implantation (the antiferromagnet is formed inside the
ferromagnet).
Extremely granular structure.
Optimal contact surface.
Parametric control (e.g. fluence, energy).
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 26 / 36
38. Researched systems Ion implantation
Ion beam synthesis
New method for obtaining exchange bias.
Reactive implantation (the antiferromagnet is formed inside the
ferromagnet).
Extremely granular structure.
Optimal contact surface.
Parametric control (e.g. fluence, energy).
Synthesis of Cox Oy through implantation of 16 O into Co.
MBE grown, capped cobalt thin films (thicknesses 600 ˚ and 1000 ˚).
A A
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 26 / 36
39. Researched systems Ion implantation
Exchange bias in oxygen implanted cobalt
Example
Thin cobalt film implanted with 16 O (E = 60 keV, Φ = 1016 cm−2 ).
1.0 a)
0.5
0.0
M/M
-0.5
-1.0
1.0 b)
(a.u.)
0.5
0.0
S
M/M
-0.5
-1.0
-0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4
H (T)
0
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 27 / 36
40. Researched systems Ion implantation
Exchange bias in oxygen implanted cobalt
Example
Thin cobalt film implanted with 16 O (E = 60 keV, Φ = 1016 cm−2 ).
1.0 a)
0.5
0.0
M/M
-0.5
-1.0
1.0 b)
(a.u.)
0.5
0.0
S
M/M
-0.5
-1.0
-0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4
H (T)
0
How to interprete this magnetic response data?
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 27 / 36
41. Researched systems Ion implantation
Exchange bias in oxygen implanted cobalt
Loop shape analysis
μ0HE
μ(x) y = r-rμ
μ+3σ
rμ rmax
μ
μ-3σ rmin
μ-3σ μ μ+3σ μ0HC
x
Quantify the hysteresis loop shape based on statistics.
Use a gaussian distributions for the quantities as an approximation.
Mean and variance of exchange bias.
Mean and variance of coercivity.
This gaussian is associated to the implantation profile.
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 28 / 36
42. Researched systems Ion implantation
Exchange bias in oxygen implanted cobalt
Effect of implantation energy on the exchange bias
1.0 E = 30 keV
E = 45 keV
0.5
S
0.0
M/M
-0.5
-1.0
-0.30 -0.15 0.00 0.15 0.30
H (T)
0
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 29 / 36
43. Researched systems Ion implantation
Exchange bias in oxygen implanted cobalt
Effect of implantation energy on the exchange bias
120 40
E = 30 keV E = 30 keV
E = 45 keV E = 45 keV
90 30
(mT)
(mT)
C
H
C
0
H
60 20
0
Variance
Mean
30 10
0 0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
25 15
E = 30 keV E = 30 keV
E = 45 keV E = 45 keV
20
(mT)
(mT)
10
15
E
H
E
0
H
0
Variance
10
Mean
5
5
0 0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
T (K) T (K)
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 30 / 36
44. Conclusions
Conclusions
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 31 / 36
45. Conclusions Surface spin-flop in Fe/Cr
Conclusions
Surface spin-flop in an Fe/Cr superlattice
Surface spin flop like transition detected in a biaxial Fe/Cr
superlattice, along the hard axis.
Demonstrated through Polarized Neutron Reflectometry.
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 32 / 36
46. Conclusions Exchange bias in Fe-Pt
Conclusions
Exchange bias in Fe-Pt heterostructures
Exchange bias found in FePt/FePt3 bilayers.
FePt easy axis orthogonal to FePt3 easy axis (spin-flop coupling).
Local information extracted from the antiferromagnet via M¨ssbauer
o
spectrometry.
Exchange bias detected in a single layer of disordered
off-stoichiometric Fe-Pt.
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 33 / 36
47. Conclusions Exchange bias in Co:O thin films
Conclusions
Exchange bias in O implanted Co thin films
Exchange bias detected in oxygen implanted Co thin films.
New kind of exchange biased system.
Antiferromagnet is embedded in the ferromagnet.
Heterogeneous effect.
Requires a fluence of the order of at least Φ = 1016 cm−2 .
The effect is sensitive to the fluence as well as the implantation energy.
Post implantation annealing enhances and homogenizes the obtained
effect.
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 34 / 36
48. Conclusions Overall conclusion
Conclusion
Many new research opportunities regarding these new systems:
Exchange bias between Fe-Pt alloys presents new challenges.
Evident direction for further research.
M¨ssbauer techniques give us more flexibility.
o
Exchange bias obtained via ion implantation opens a new field of
research:
Principle may be applied to many other systems besides Co/CoO.
Wealth of technological applications (e.g. patterned implantation).
Theoretical challenge: transition from 2D systems (bilayers) to 3D
systems (implanted films, fully granular structures).
Francisco Almeida (IKS) Doctoral dissertation December 6, 2011 35 / 36