Prescient Therapeutics is an Australian clinical-stage biotech company developing novel cancer therapies targeting the Akt and Ras tumor survival pathways. PTX has two drug candidates, PTX-200 and PTX-100, in five clinical trials for breast cancer, ovarian cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and multiple myeloma. Near-term data readouts from ongoing trials in 2016 could increase the stock price if results are positive. The company's therapies aim to prevent or reverse drug resistance, a major problem in cancer treatment.
Us breast cancer therapy market opportunity analysisRajesh Sarma
"US Breast Cancer Therapy Market Opportunity Analysis" Report Highlight:
US Breast Cancer Incidence & Prevalence
US Breast Cancer Therapy Market Overview
US Breast Cancer Drug Clinical Pipeline by Company & Phase
US Breast Cancer Drug Clinical Pipeline: 251 Drugs
Majority Drugs in Phase-II Trials: 73 Drugs
Marketed Breast Cancer Drugs in US: 32 Drugs
Breast Cancer Patent Analysis
New science is redefining cancer as a large number of narrowly defined diseases and bringing therapeutic options to an expanded number of patients. With the rapid growth in the oncology treatment landscape, health systems are struggling to adapt and embrace the evolution—including regulatory systems, diagnostic infrastructure, treatment providers and financing mechanisms. These challenges will require urgent attention in light of the strong near-term pipeline of clinically distinctive therapies and new programs that are galvanizing research efforts to change the trajectory for cancer.
Read the full report >> http://imsh.co/2axszmt
AlphaImpactRx Barclays Oncology Webinar 1 Dec 2015Lesley Bailey
AlphaImpactRx and Barclays Capital conducted a webinar on the emerging dynamics of today’s US oncology market on Tuesday, December 1st from 12-1 pm EST.
Mark Purcell, head of Barclays global pharmaceutical equity research team and Stacy Mecham, SVP, Oncology Franchise at AlphaImpactRx presented the latest data in immuno-oncology, including late-breaking news on PD-L1 testing, as well as developing trends in breast cancer and CLL treatment to get you ready for the upcoming ASH and San Antonio Breast Cancer conferences.
Competition across the immuno-oncology battlefield is heating up behind the recent launches of Opdivo and Keytruda, and it promises to get more crowded in the near future. We’ll provide unique insight generated from the AlphaImpactRx point-of-care data to help you understand who’s gaining traction, and where it’s being gained, in both NSCLC and melanoma. We’ll provide a first look into the prevalence and influence of PD-LI testing in its early days, as well as a view of the latest treatment strategies emerging in the competitive breast cancer and CLL markets.
This Presentation provides information about the segmentation of oncology market worldwide, Global Oncology market analysis along with Indian Oncology market.
This presentation covers the following information - Indian Government initiatives,Market Challenges,Market Drivers and SWOT Analysis.
AlphaImpactRx_Barclays_Oncology_Webinar_1 Dec 2015Bill Bowman
- Lung cancer, specifically non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), represents the most crowded and intense battleground for immuno-oncology therapies.
- Key data readouts in 2016 will compare the efficacy of Opdivo, Keytruda, and other immunotherapies versus chemotherapy in front-line NSCLC patients.
- Questions remain around the optimal use of PD-L1 testing to select patients and the potential for combination approaches using chemotherapy or other agents.
Get the right cancer drug, at right TimeSubin Suresh
Mitra Biotech is a Boston and Bengaluru-based startup that is developing personalized cancer therapies. It focuses on testing drugs on recreated tumor microenvironments in the lab before human trials. This approach has higher success rates and lower toxicity than conventional trials. Mitra Biotech has raised over $27 million to develop these personalized therapies and diagnostics. Major challenges include high costs, ensuring data quality, and coordinating information between different treatment centers.
Positive Phase II results for trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1)Senology.org
Roche announced positive results from a Phase II trial of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) compared to Herceptin and chemotherapy in previously untreated patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Patients receiving T-DM1 lived significantly longer with controlled disease and had fewer side effects than chemotherapy. The trial results support continued development of T-DM1 as a potential new treatment for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer due to its efficacy and favorable safety profile.
Current Perspective of Natural Alkaloid Carbazole and its Derivatives as Anti...Hanif Shaikh
This document summarizes research on natural and synthetic carbazole alkaloids and their potential as antitumor agents. Several studies are described that tested various carbazole derivatives for cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines. Many of the carbazole compounds showed cytotoxicity in the low micromolar or nanomolar range against cell lines like MCF-7, A549, HCT-116, and others. The carbazoles are proposed to exert their antitumor effects through mechanisms like DNA intercalation or inhibition of DNA-dependent enzymes. The review concludes that natural carbazole alkaloids and their derivatives show promise as antitumor agents and warrant further investigation.
Us breast cancer therapy market opportunity analysisRajesh Sarma
"US Breast Cancer Therapy Market Opportunity Analysis" Report Highlight:
US Breast Cancer Incidence & Prevalence
US Breast Cancer Therapy Market Overview
US Breast Cancer Drug Clinical Pipeline by Company & Phase
US Breast Cancer Drug Clinical Pipeline: 251 Drugs
Majority Drugs in Phase-II Trials: 73 Drugs
Marketed Breast Cancer Drugs in US: 32 Drugs
Breast Cancer Patent Analysis
New science is redefining cancer as a large number of narrowly defined diseases and bringing therapeutic options to an expanded number of patients. With the rapid growth in the oncology treatment landscape, health systems are struggling to adapt and embrace the evolution—including regulatory systems, diagnostic infrastructure, treatment providers and financing mechanisms. These challenges will require urgent attention in light of the strong near-term pipeline of clinically distinctive therapies and new programs that are galvanizing research efforts to change the trajectory for cancer.
Read the full report >> http://imsh.co/2axszmt
AlphaImpactRx Barclays Oncology Webinar 1 Dec 2015Lesley Bailey
AlphaImpactRx and Barclays Capital conducted a webinar on the emerging dynamics of today’s US oncology market on Tuesday, December 1st from 12-1 pm EST.
Mark Purcell, head of Barclays global pharmaceutical equity research team and Stacy Mecham, SVP, Oncology Franchise at AlphaImpactRx presented the latest data in immuno-oncology, including late-breaking news on PD-L1 testing, as well as developing trends in breast cancer and CLL treatment to get you ready for the upcoming ASH and San Antonio Breast Cancer conferences.
Competition across the immuno-oncology battlefield is heating up behind the recent launches of Opdivo and Keytruda, and it promises to get more crowded in the near future. We’ll provide unique insight generated from the AlphaImpactRx point-of-care data to help you understand who’s gaining traction, and where it’s being gained, in both NSCLC and melanoma. We’ll provide a first look into the prevalence and influence of PD-LI testing in its early days, as well as a view of the latest treatment strategies emerging in the competitive breast cancer and CLL markets.
This Presentation provides information about the segmentation of oncology market worldwide, Global Oncology market analysis along with Indian Oncology market.
This presentation covers the following information - Indian Government initiatives,Market Challenges,Market Drivers and SWOT Analysis.
AlphaImpactRx_Barclays_Oncology_Webinar_1 Dec 2015Bill Bowman
- Lung cancer, specifically non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), represents the most crowded and intense battleground for immuno-oncology therapies.
- Key data readouts in 2016 will compare the efficacy of Opdivo, Keytruda, and other immunotherapies versus chemotherapy in front-line NSCLC patients.
- Questions remain around the optimal use of PD-L1 testing to select patients and the potential for combination approaches using chemotherapy or other agents.
Get the right cancer drug, at right TimeSubin Suresh
Mitra Biotech is a Boston and Bengaluru-based startup that is developing personalized cancer therapies. It focuses on testing drugs on recreated tumor microenvironments in the lab before human trials. This approach has higher success rates and lower toxicity than conventional trials. Mitra Biotech has raised over $27 million to develop these personalized therapies and diagnostics. Major challenges include high costs, ensuring data quality, and coordinating information between different treatment centers.
Positive Phase II results for trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1)Senology.org
Roche announced positive results from a Phase II trial of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) compared to Herceptin and chemotherapy in previously untreated patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Patients receiving T-DM1 lived significantly longer with controlled disease and had fewer side effects than chemotherapy. The trial results support continued development of T-DM1 as a potential new treatment for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer due to its efficacy and favorable safety profile.
Current Perspective of Natural Alkaloid Carbazole and its Derivatives as Anti...Hanif Shaikh
This document summarizes research on natural and synthetic carbazole alkaloids and their potential as antitumor agents. Several studies are described that tested various carbazole derivatives for cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines. Many of the carbazole compounds showed cytotoxicity in the low micromolar or nanomolar range against cell lines like MCF-7, A549, HCT-116, and others. The carbazoles are proposed to exert their antitumor effects through mechanisms like DNA intercalation or inhibition of DNA-dependent enzymes. The review concludes that natural carbazole alkaloids and their derivatives show promise as antitumor agents and warrant further investigation.
Integrative Cancer - New theories and Advances in Treatment From Hippocrates ...Sheldon Stein
Professor Serge Jurasunsas' recent paper on Integrative Cancer, From Hippocrates to the Human Genome - posted on his behalf. Discusses testing, protocols and case discussion.
Nigella sativa bioactives against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer & Breast CancerYusuf Asad
This document summarizes a study on targeting the ERK and AKT pathways in non-small cell lung cancer and triple-negative breast cancer cells with bioactives from Nigella sativa. The study found that thymoquinone (TQ) and thymol (THY) from N. sativa exhibited cytotoxic effects on cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Combining THY and TQ showed greater inhibition of cell viability than either component alone. Treatment with the combination also significantly downregulated expression of the AKT and ERK genes involved in proliferation. The findings suggest TQ may improve the efficacy of THY as an adjuvant therapy for lung and breast cancers.
Global cancer stem cell therapy market outlook 2020KuicK Research
“Global Cancer Stem Cell Therapy Market Outlook 2020” Report Highlight:
Introduction & Classification of Stem Cells
Stem Cell Transplants Classification
Cancer Stem Cell Therapy Mechanism of Action
Global Cancer Stem Cell Market Analysis
Global Cancer Stem Cell Clinical Pipeline by Company & Phase
Global Cancer Stem Cell Clinical Pipeline: 32 Therapies
Global Cancer Stem Cell Market Dynamics: Challenges & Favorable Parameters
Global Cancer Stem Cell Market Future Outlook
Us breast cancer therapy market opportunity analysisKuicK Research
"US Breast Cancer Therapy Market Opportunity Analysis" Report Highlight:
US Breast Cancer Incidence & Prevalence
US Breast Cancer Therapy Market Overview
US Breast Cancer Drug Clinical Pipeline by Company & Phase
US Breast Cancer Drug Clinical Pipeline: 251 Drugs
Majority Drugs in Phase-II Trials: 73 Drugs
Marketed Breast Cancer Drugs in US: 32 Drugs
Breast Cancer Patent Analysis
Thyroid cancer (TC) remains the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide and its incidence and mortality has increased steadily over the last four decades. Thyroid cancer is commonly diagnosed at a younger age than most other adult cancers. Therefore, in order to improve the benefit of screening and the survival rate of patients, it is very important to establish a system of early diagnosis and targeted therapy for thyroid cancer. The slide named an overview of thyroid cancer is created by Creative Biolabs who provides high-quality antibody production with advanced research tools, professional technical support, and rapid global delivery. In the slide, we will give you a comprehensive introduction to thyroid cancer and its signaling pathways, diagnostics markers and targeted therapies, as well as Creative Biolabs’ antibody-related products and services. If you have any need for antibodies, please feel free to contact us.
This document summarizes cancer incidence and spending trends globally:
- Cancer incidence rates vary significantly between more and less developed regions, with higher rates of lung and colorectal cancer in more developed areas and higher rates of liver and gastric cancer in less developed areas.
- Oncology drug spending has grown substantially, reaching $91 billion globally in 2013, still dominated by the US and major EU markets.
- The average monthly cost of branded cancer drugs in the US nearly doubled from 2003-2013, with some individual drugs costing over $30,000 per month.
This document summarizes and discusses several journal articles on oncologic drug therapy and clinical trials. It notes that while improved survival is the gold standard for proving clinical benefit, surrogate endpoints like tumor shrinkage are often used. However, studies have not consistently shown tumor response correlates with survival for some cancers. It also discusses challenges with targeted therapies that are cytostatic not cytotoxic, and how some patients may benefit from disease stabilization. The document questions if new rules are needed for clinical trials and drug approvals to better evaluate emerging immunotherapies and targeted therapies.
An oncology-focused immunotherapy company is conducting a Phase 3 clinical trial of its lead product, NeuVax, for the prevention of breast cancer recurrence in early-stage, node-positive patients. The trial is fully enrolled with 758 participants and is evaluating NeuVax compared to placebo on disease-free survival. NeuVax targets the HER2 protein and consists of an HLA-A2/A3-restricted peptide that elicits CD8+ T-cell responses. Previous clinical trials demonstrated NeuVax has a positive safety profile and signals of efficacy in reducing recurrence rates. An interim analysis is upcoming in mid-2016, with final results expected in 2018.
This presentation summarizes an oncology focused immunotherapy company. Key points include:
- The company has a pioneering immunotherapy technology that induces, activates and causes proliferation of cytotoxic T-cells to target cancer.
- Clinical development is focused on secondary prevention in cancer survivors to redefine the standard of care with targeted therapies to prevent cancer recurrence.
- The company has two lead programs - NeuVax targeting HER2 positive breast and gastric cancers, and GALE-301/302 targeting folate binding protein in ovarian and endometrial cancers.
- NeuVax is in a Phase 3 clinical trial (PRESENT) in breast cancer and other trials are ongoing or planned in breast and gastric cancers. GALE-
CHEMSAS is a drug discovery platform that uses machine learning and algorithms to accelerate drug development and identify compounds with a higher likelihood of clinical success. ROSALIND is a smart data platform that analyzes a tumor's genetic profile and identifies potential treatment combinations tailored to restore normal cell signaling. Critical Outcome Technologies (COTI) is a clinical-stage biotech company focusing on novel cancer therapeutics discovered using CHEMSAS. COTI's lead candidates COTI-2 and COTI-219 are currently in clinical trials.
The Potential for Individualization of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Can...CrimsonpublishersCancer
The preoperative, or, as it is often called, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAPCT) of operable breast cancer (the breast cancer) with affected regional lymph nodes has in its time replaced preoperative radiotherapy, as it has a number of significant advantages over the latter. The most important advantage of NAPCT is its systemic action, which allows to “catching up” with probable distant micro-metastases or circulating tumor cells, while pre-operative radiotherapy has a local effect, and on the systemic level the tumor continues to develop. Despite of the fact that with operative breast cancer the time of NAPCT (before or after the operation) does not affect to the long-term results of treatment, the latter becomes applicable even for operable breast cancer without affected regional lymph nodes.According to the literature, NAPCT with primary-operative breast cancer allows: 1) make organ saving operations; 2) improve the prognosis in cases of complete morphological regression in patients with triple negative and Her2 / neu positive (non-luminal) subtypes; 3) evaluate the effect of chemotherapy and, in the absence of effect, stop it on time [1].
Using a system dynamics framework to assess disease risks of pig value chains...ILRI
Poster by Thi Thu Huyen Nguyen, Nam Ha Duong, Van Hung Pham, Thi Duong Nga Nguyen, Fred Unger, Karl M. Rich and Lucy Lapar presented at Tropentag 2014, Prague, Czech Republic, 17-19 September 2014.
Construction of cancer pathways for personalized medicineAnton Yuryev
This document discusses constructing cancer pathways for personalized medicine using sub-network enrichment analysis (SNEA). SNEA calculates the transcriptional activity of upstream regulators using differentially expressed genes and regulatory knowledgebases. This identifies key expression regulators in specific cancer patients. Mapping these regulators onto known pathways builds personalized cancer pathways for each patient. Analyzing pathways from multiple patients provides insights into common cancer biology and identifies potential drug targets in a personalized manner.
Axiom® Genome-Wide LAT 1 Array World Array 4Affymetrix
Coverage-Optimized World Arrays: next-generation designs combining GWAS, replication, and fine-mapping into one array. Dense marker coverage of disease-associated SNPs, genes, and regions, plus whole-genome coverage of common and rare variants. Optimized for diverse ancestries including European, African and Native American.
Michael's IUCRL Poster 2014 Close to Final with CDW editsMichael Araya
1) The study analyzed gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas to identify genes that correlate with Amot in breast cancer and AmotL2 in thyroid cancer.
2) Pathway analysis revealed several cancer-related pathways that covaried with Amot levels in breast cancer, including Wnt signaling and TGF-beta signaling.
3) Genes that positively correlated with Amot in breast cancer and negatively correlated with AmotL2 in thyroid cancer were enriched for those involved in tumor growth, metastasis, and cancer stem cells.
This proposal outlines a thesis project to investigate the role of chemokines CCL19b and CCL25b in recruiting T cells into melanoma tumors. The student hypothesizes that inducing expression of these chemokines in melanoma cell lines transplanted into an animal model will increase T cell recruitment and reduce tumor burden. The proposal provides background on melanoma, the immune system response to tumors, and current immunotherapy strategies including adoptive T cell transfer and immune checkpoint inhibitors. If successful, the research could provide a new treatment option or complement existing therapies to improve patient survival rates.
This business PowerPoint template showing business papers from above will fit presentations on business meetings, establishing business relations, discussions, seminars, etc.
This document contains the names Yashwant Kanhu Pingle and Ritesh Maniar and is dated July 26, 2016. It lists two names and provides a date but does not contain any other details about the purpose of the document or information about the individuals named. In summary, this document only includes two names and a date with no other contextual information provided.
Math board game final project work sampleEmily Lobao
The student was assigned a final math project to create a math board game incorporating the concepts learned over the school year. She created a Twister-style game with a game board containing numbered circles in different colors. Players would spin cards with math problems and body parts to place on the board. The game allowed the student to practice math over the summer while developing additional skills like critical thinking, typing, and measurement. The project was a success, with many classmates joining to play, and demonstrated the value of project-based learning.
Integrative Cancer - New theories and Advances in Treatment From Hippocrates ...Sheldon Stein
Professor Serge Jurasunsas' recent paper on Integrative Cancer, From Hippocrates to the Human Genome - posted on his behalf. Discusses testing, protocols and case discussion.
Nigella sativa bioactives against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer & Breast CancerYusuf Asad
This document summarizes a study on targeting the ERK and AKT pathways in non-small cell lung cancer and triple-negative breast cancer cells with bioactives from Nigella sativa. The study found that thymoquinone (TQ) and thymol (THY) from N. sativa exhibited cytotoxic effects on cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Combining THY and TQ showed greater inhibition of cell viability than either component alone. Treatment with the combination also significantly downregulated expression of the AKT and ERK genes involved in proliferation. The findings suggest TQ may improve the efficacy of THY as an adjuvant therapy for lung and breast cancers.
Global cancer stem cell therapy market outlook 2020KuicK Research
“Global Cancer Stem Cell Therapy Market Outlook 2020” Report Highlight:
Introduction & Classification of Stem Cells
Stem Cell Transplants Classification
Cancer Stem Cell Therapy Mechanism of Action
Global Cancer Stem Cell Market Analysis
Global Cancer Stem Cell Clinical Pipeline by Company & Phase
Global Cancer Stem Cell Clinical Pipeline: 32 Therapies
Global Cancer Stem Cell Market Dynamics: Challenges & Favorable Parameters
Global Cancer Stem Cell Market Future Outlook
Us breast cancer therapy market opportunity analysisKuicK Research
"US Breast Cancer Therapy Market Opportunity Analysis" Report Highlight:
US Breast Cancer Incidence & Prevalence
US Breast Cancer Therapy Market Overview
US Breast Cancer Drug Clinical Pipeline by Company & Phase
US Breast Cancer Drug Clinical Pipeline: 251 Drugs
Majority Drugs in Phase-II Trials: 73 Drugs
Marketed Breast Cancer Drugs in US: 32 Drugs
Breast Cancer Patent Analysis
Thyroid cancer (TC) remains the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide and its incidence and mortality has increased steadily over the last four decades. Thyroid cancer is commonly diagnosed at a younger age than most other adult cancers. Therefore, in order to improve the benefit of screening and the survival rate of patients, it is very important to establish a system of early diagnosis and targeted therapy for thyroid cancer. The slide named an overview of thyroid cancer is created by Creative Biolabs who provides high-quality antibody production with advanced research tools, professional technical support, and rapid global delivery. In the slide, we will give you a comprehensive introduction to thyroid cancer and its signaling pathways, diagnostics markers and targeted therapies, as well as Creative Biolabs’ antibody-related products and services. If you have any need for antibodies, please feel free to contact us.
This document summarizes cancer incidence and spending trends globally:
- Cancer incidence rates vary significantly between more and less developed regions, with higher rates of lung and colorectal cancer in more developed areas and higher rates of liver and gastric cancer in less developed areas.
- Oncology drug spending has grown substantially, reaching $91 billion globally in 2013, still dominated by the US and major EU markets.
- The average monthly cost of branded cancer drugs in the US nearly doubled from 2003-2013, with some individual drugs costing over $30,000 per month.
This document summarizes and discusses several journal articles on oncologic drug therapy and clinical trials. It notes that while improved survival is the gold standard for proving clinical benefit, surrogate endpoints like tumor shrinkage are often used. However, studies have not consistently shown tumor response correlates with survival for some cancers. It also discusses challenges with targeted therapies that are cytostatic not cytotoxic, and how some patients may benefit from disease stabilization. The document questions if new rules are needed for clinical trials and drug approvals to better evaluate emerging immunotherapies and targeted therapies.
An oncology-focused immunotherapy company is conducting a Phase 3 clinical trial of its lead product, NeuVax, for the prevention of breast cancer recurrence in early-stage, node-positive patients. The trial is fully enrolled with 758 participants and is evaluating NeuVax compared to placebo on disease-free survival. NeuVax targets the HER2 protein and consists of an HLA-A2/A3-restricted peptide that elicits CD8+ T-cell responses. Previous clinical trials demonstrated NeuVax has a positive safety profile and signals of efficacy in reducing recurrence rates. An interim analysis is upcoming in mid-2016, with final results expected in 2018.
This presentation summarizes an oncology focused immunotherapy company. Key points include:
- The company has a pioneering immunotherapy technology that induces, activates and causes proliferation of cytotoxic T-cells to target cancer.
- Clinical development is focused on secondary prevention in cancer survivors to redefine the standard of care with targeted therapies to prevent cancer recurrence.
- The company has two lead programs - NeuVax targeting HER2 positive breast and gastric cancers, and GALE-301/302 targeting folate binding protein in ovarian and endometrial cancers.
- NeuVax is in a Phase 3 clinical trial (PRESENT) in breast cancer and other trials are ongoing or planned in breast and gastric cancers. GALE-
CHEMSAS is a drug discovery platform that uses machine learning and algorithms to accelerate drug development and identify compounds with a higher likelihood of clinical success. ROSALIND is a smart data platform that analyzes a tumor's genetic profile and identifies potential treatment combinations tailored to restore normal cell signaling. Critical Outcome Technologies (COTI) is a clinical-stage biotech company focusing on novel cancer therapeutics discovered using CHEMSAS. COTI's lead candidates COTI-2 and COTI-219 are currently in clinical trials.
The Potential for Individualization of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Can...CrimsonpublishersCancer
The preoperative, or, as it is often called, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAPCT) of operable breast cancer (the breast cancer) with affected regional lymph nodes has in its time replaced preoperative radiotherapy, as it has a number of significant advantages over the latter. The most important advantage of NAPCT is its systemic action, which allows to “catching up” with probable distant micro-metastases or circulating tumor cells, while pre-operative radiotherapy has a local effect, and on the systemic level the tumor continues to develop. Despite of the fact that with operative breast cancer the time of NAPCT (before or after the operation) does not affect to the long-term results of treatment, the latter becomes applicable even for operable breast cancer without affected regional lymph nodes.According to the literature, NAPCT with primary-operative breast cancer allows: 1) make organ saving operations; 2) improve the prognosis in cases of complete morphological regression in patients with triple negative and Her2 / neu positive (non-luminal) subtypes; 3) evaluate the effect of chemotherapy and, in the absence of effect, stop it on time [1].
Using a system dynamics framework to assess disease risks of pig value chains...ILRI
Poster by Thi Thu Huyen Nguyen, Nam Ha Duong, Van Hung Pham, Thi Duong Nga Nguyen, Fred Unger, Karl M. Rich and Lucy Lapar presented at Tropentag 2014, Prague, Czech Republic, 17-19 September 2014.
Construction of cancer pathways for personalized medicineAnton Yuryev
This document discusses constructing cancer pathways for personalized medicine using sub-network enrichment analysis (SNEA). SNEA calculates the transcriptional activity of upstream regulators using differentially expressed genes and regulatory knowledgebases. This identifies key expression regulators in specific cancer patients. Mapping these regulators onto known pathways builds personalized cancer pathways for each patient. Analyzing pathways from multiple patients provides insights into common cancer biology and identifies potential drug targets in a personalized manner.
Axiom® Genome-Wide LAT 1 Array World Array 4Affymetrix
Coverage-Optimized World Arrays: next-generation designs combining GWAS, replication, and fine-mapping into one array. Dense marker coverage of disease-associated SNPs, genes, and regions, plus whole-genome coverage of common and rare variants. Optimized for diverse ancestries including European, African and Native American.
Michael's IUCRL Poster 2014 Close to Final with CDW editsMichael Araya
1) The study analyzed gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas to identify genes that correlate with Amot in breast cancer and AmotL2 in thyroid cancer.
2) Pathway analysis revealed several cancer-related pathways that covaried with Amot levels in breast cancer, including Wnt signaling and TGF-beta signaling.
3) Genes that positively correlated with Amot in breast cancer and negatively correlated with AmotL2 in thyroid cancer were enriched for those involved in tumor growth, metastasis, and cancer stem cells.
This proposal outlines a thesis project to investigate the role of chemokines CCL19b and CCL25b in recruiting T cells into melanoma tumors. The student hypothesizes that inducing expression of these chemokines in melanoma cell lines transplanted into an animal model will increase T cell recruitment and reduce tumor burden. The proposal provides background on melanoma, the immune system response to tumors, and current immunotherapy strategies including adoptive T cell transfer and immune checkpoint inhibitors. If successful, the research could provide a new treatment option or complement existing therapies to improve patient survival rates.
This business PowerPoint template showing business papers from above will fit presentations on business meetings, establishing business relations, discussions, seminars, etc.
This document contains the names Yashwant Kanhu Pingle and Ritesh Maniar and is dated July 26, 2016. It lists two names and provides a date but does not contain any other details about the purpose of the document or information about the individuals named. In summary, this document only includes two names and a date with no other contextual information provided.
Math board game final project work sampleEmily Lobao
The student was assigned a final math project to create a math board game incorporating the concepts learned over the school year. She created a Twister-style game with a game board containing numbered circles in different colors. Players would spin cards with math problems and body parts to place on the board. The game allowed the student to practice math over the summer while developing additional skills like critical thinking, typing, and measurement. The project was a success, with many classmates joining to play, and demonstrated the value of project-based learning.
Me identifico con el aprendizaje basado en retos, el se define como:” Una estrategia que proporciona a los estudiantes un contexto general en el que ellos, de manera colaborativa, deben determinar el reto a resolver. Los estudiantes trabajan con sus profesores y expertos para resolver este reto en comunidades de todo el mundo y así desarrollar un conocimiento más profundo de los temas que estén estudiando. Trabaje una experiencia muy parecida a esta, los estudiantes resolvían situaciones académicas en grupo dentro y fuera del aula con la orientación del docente de la clase, el monitor un profesor externo.
Monica U. Santos is seeking a challenging position that utilizes her experience in education and mathematics. She has a Bachelor's degree in Secondary Education from the Technological Institute of the Philippines and is a licensed teacher in the Philippines. Her areas of experience include teaching mathematics, tutoring, writing/editing educational materials, and various administrative roles. She has worked with several publishers and schools both in-person and remotely.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un embargo petrolero contra Rusia en respuesta a la invasión de Ucrania. El embargo prohibirá las importaciones marítimas de petróleo ruso a la UE y pondrá fin a las entregas a través de oleoductos dentro de seis meses. Esta medida forma parte de un sexto paquete de sanciones de la UE destinadas a aumentar la presión económica sobre el gobierno de Putin.
This document discusses a method for detecting, classifying, and locating faults on 220kV transmission lines using discrete wavelet transform and neural networks. Fault detection is performed by calculating the energy of detail coefficients from wavelet transformation of phase current signals. A neural network is then used for fault classification and location. The neural network is trained using patterns generated by simulating different fault conditions, including varying fault location, type, and resistance. The proposed method aims to classify 10 different fault types and locate faults occurring at different points along the transmission line.
El documento discute los beneficios de usar herramientas TIC en la educación. Específicamente, señala que las TIC pueden motivar a los estudiantes al hacer que el aprendizaje sea más atractivo y divertido, y pueden aumentar el interés de los estudiantes en diferentes materias. También permiten a los estudiantes interactuar y comunicarse con compañeros de clase y de otras escuelas, lo que enriquece su aprendizaje.
Thomas Estermann, Director for Governance, Funding and Public Policy Development at the European University Association presents an overview of its membership consultation on the topic, highlighting the challenges and opportunities for the next Horizon 2020 and Erasmus+ programmes' phase in the wider context of EU budget constraints and pressures.
This document is a curriculum vitae for Nitish Yadav, providing personal details such as name, date of birth, contact information, nationality, languages spoken, and marital status. It also lists his qualifications and certificates including STCW courses in survival, firefighting, first aid, tanker familiarization, and previous experience serving as a Junior Engineer on an oil/chemical tanker. His educational background includes a B.E. in Mechanical Engineering and secondary school qualifications.
This research paper examines the ability of the drug nelfinavir to overcome multidrug resistance in MCF-7/Dox breast cancer cells. The study finds that multiple exposures to physiologically achievable concentrations of nelfinavir can significantly decrease the doxorubicin IC50 in MCF-7/Dox cells by inhibiting P-glycoprotein expression and function, suppressing AKT signaling pathways, and inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. In mouse models carrying MCF-7/Dox tumor xenografts, combination treatment with nelfinavir and doxorubicin decreased tumor growth more than either drug alone. The results suggest that nelfinavir can overcome multiple drug resistance
This review discusses the relationship between the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family and tumor metastasis. PRMT expression is often elevated in cancers and associated with poorer prognosis. PRMTs regulate metastasis through various mechanisms, including modifying the tumor microenvironment, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and altering cellular metabolism. Several PRMTs, such as PRMT1 and PRMT5, enhance lung metastasis of breast cancer and other cancers by methylating proteins involved in these pathways. Inhibiting arginine methylation through PRMT inhibitors shows promise in reducing tumor metastasis across cancer types based on preclinical studies.
1. The study analyzed treatment patterns over time in patients receiving first-line chemotherapy for advanced or metastatic esophageal or gastric cancer based on data from 2,808 patients documented in Therapiemonitor from 2006-2013.
2. Treatment intensity increased over time, with 49.3% of patients receiving triplet chemotherapy in 2013 compared to just 10.1% in 2006. HER2 testing rates increased from 49.1% in earlier studies to 79.1% in 2012-2013, though testing was still not always performed according to guidelines.
3. Usage of fluoropyrimidine/cisplatin combinations with trastuzumab declined from 67% in 2010-2011 to 50% in 2012-2013
This document summarizes recent advances in immunotherapy for solid tumors. It discusses how immunotherapy has established itself as an effective treatment strategy, building on William Coley's pioneering work in the late 1800s using bacteria to elicit anti-tumor immune responses. The document outlines several key immunotherapy approaches, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cellular therapy, strategies to enhance tumor immunogenicity like radiotherapy and oncolytic viruses, and cancer vaccines. It also discusses how tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and immunoscore can help predict cancer prognosis and how the immune system interacts with tumors.
Ultrasound Technology as a Novel Treatment Strategy in Pancreatic Cancer_Crim...CrimsonpublishersCancer
Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (PDAC) accounts for 2.4% of all cancers diagnosed and is the fourth leading cause of cancer death, with almost equal rates of incidence and mortality [1]. By 2030, pancreatic cancer is projected to be the second leading cause of cancer-related death [2], surpassing breast, prostate and colorectal cancer. The overall survival at 5 years of around 7.2% as the majority of patients present with advanced disease at diagnosis. Patients with localized disease are treated with surgery, with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy/ radiotherapy, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. The majority (around 80%) of patients are treated only with chemotherapy as they have an advanced disease. Patients are treated in the first line with gemcitabine-abraxane or Folfirinox and with Naliri plus 5FU in the second line. There have been few clinical advances in PDAC treatment over the last 20 years and chemotherapy is the only treatment option available for the majority of patients. These tumours are also resistant to many targeted therapies such as anti-EGFR therapy like cetuximab [3] due to the presence of a KRAS mutation in the majority of primary tumors. Personalized medicine strategies have not yet been established in pancreatic cancer as in other more common tumour types. Thus, novel anti-tumour strategies are an important clinical need in order to improve survival rates.
Overview 120 New Therapeutic Drugs For Solid Tumors In The Past 30 Years.pdfDoriaFang
Here, we retrospectively summarize, classify, and analyze the 120 solid tumor drugs approved by the FDA over the past 31 years based on their initial approved indications, characteristics, and functions. In addition, the existing challenges and potential opportunities in drug development were analyzed and prospected, hoping to further promote the development of solid tumor treatment drugs in the future.
Chemoprevention seeks to use natural, synthetic, or biological agents to prevent cancer development and progression. It can involve blocking cancer initiation through agents that prevent DNA damage from carcinogens. It can also suppress promotion and progression of initiated cells through inhibition of signal transduction pathways. The FDA has approved selective estrogen receptor modulators like tamoxifen and raloxifene for breast cancer chemoprevention and aspirin use has been associated with reduced colorectal cancer risk. However, some agents like beta-carotene and retinoids have been found to increase cancer risk in smokers.
List of New Anti-cancer Drugs Approved By FDA In The First Half of 2023.pdfDoriaFang
What are the new anti-cancer drugs approved in the first half of the year? The new drugs approved covered a variety of solid tumors and blood tumor types.
The document summarizes tumor chemotherapy, including its definition, basic theories, development history, milestones, achievements, and mechanisms of anticancer drugs. It discusses tumor cell kinetics, drug classifications including alkylating agents, antimetabolites, antibiotics, tubulin inhibitors, topoisomerase inhibitors, and molecular targeted drugs. It also covers chemotherapy's role in improving outcomes for several cancer types.
The document summarizes tumor chemotherapy, including its definition, history, basic theories, development of chemotherapy drugs, milestones in anticancer therapy, and achievements of chemotherapy. It discusses tumor cell kinetics, classification and mechanisms of various anticancer drugs, as well as molecular targeted drugs.
This corporate presentation summarizes PharmaMar's pipeline and strategy:
- PharmaMar is a biotech company focused on developing marine-derived oncology drugs. It has a fully integrated platform from discovery to commercialization.
- The pipeline includes Yondelis® for soft tissue sarcoma and ovarian cancer, Aplidin® for multiple myeloma, and PM1183 which is being studied in small cell lung cancer, platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, and BRCA breast cancer.
- PM1183 has shown promising results in early clinical trials, achieving a 67% response rate in small cell lung cancer. Phase III trials are ongoing in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.
This document discusses advanced non-small cell lung cancer and targeted therapies. It provides an overview of lung cancer epidemiology and risk factors like smoking. It also reviews molecular targets in NSCLC like EGFR, KRAS, and EML4-ALK and associated targeted therapies. The document outlines NSCLC diagnosis, staging, and management approaches including surgery, chemotherapy, and newer targeted therapies based on molecular profiling.
Assessing the efficacy of targeted therapy using circulating epithelial tumor...Peter Pachmann
Abstract
Purpose In malignant tumors, predictive markers have been developed with respect to targeted therapies. One of the Wrst targeted therapies was the hormone-blocking treatment of tumors of the male and female reproductive system. A typical therapy in breast cancer is the use of the selective estrogen receptor modulator, tamoxifen. However, only some of the patients, positive for the target molecules, respond to the selected therapy. It would, therefore, be highly desirable to have a tool to promptly assess the therapeutic eYcacy of the applied agent in the individual patient.
Methods Longitudinal observation of CETC provides a unique tool for monitoring therapy response. About 178 patients with breast cancer were followed prospectively during hormone therapy, requiring only 1 ml of peripheral blood, using a Xuorochrome-labeled antibody against surface- epithelial antigen. Image analysis allowed CETC numbers to be calculated in relation to blood volume and monitoring over the entire course of treatment. Results A more than tenfold increase in CETC during therapy was a strong indicator of looming relapse (P = 0.0001 hazard ratio 5.5; 95% conWdence interval 1,297–23,626), and a Cox regression analysis of age, tumor size, receptor expression, nodal status and previous treatment resulted in a regression model, in which CETC behavior was the parameter with the highest independent correlation to relapse-free survival. Conclusions The change in the number of CETC (increase or decrease) may, in the future, be used to guide therapy in order to change to other available treatment options in good time.
Potential of Natural Compounds in Treating Breast Cancerijtsrd
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer it has been treated for a long time with hormonal, medical assistance, surgery, chemotherapy, and irradiation. Natural compounds obtained for living organisms facilitate caspase mediated cell death and inhibit metastasis, so cancer growth is often prevented with greater efficacy. These compounds are often found to slow the progression of breast cancer. They improved patient survival rates and minimized the number of deaths caused by breast cancer. Apoptosis is defined as the death of cells that occurs as a natural and controlled part of an organisms growth or development. The production of membrane enclosed apoptotic bodies with well preserved organelles, as well as rapid cell condensation and budding. Within the process, there are certain morphological changes. The most important indicator of apoptosis induction is the presence of Cytotoxic anticancer agent. Some plant and natural chemicals promote apoptosis, which obstruct cancer cells through a variety of processes. Komal Kaushik | Gunjan Choudhary | Akanksha | Vandana | Shweta Tyagi | Abhimanyu Kumar Jha "Potential of Natural Compounds in Treating Breast Cancer" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42410.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/biotechnology/42410/potential-of-natural-compounds-in-treating-breast-cancer/komal-kaushik
Prostate Cancer - Current Approach and Future Perspective in Castration-Resis...KCR
Prostate carcinoma is one of the most commonly diagnosed solid tumours in males worldwide. Selection of the treatment method is strictly dependent upon disease stage and the patient’s age. Availability of diagnostic tests is constantly increasing in clinical practice, allowing early diagnosis and better chances for complete and permanent recovery. In the case of locally advanced prostate carcinoma, radical surgery or radiotherapy is considered as the most effective therapeutic approach, whereas in metastatic prostate carcinoma, hormone therapy or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the primary therapeutic option. Moreover, increased use of chemotherapy with docetaxel and cabazitaxel in clinical practice has resulted in better prognosis for patients in this advanced stage of the disease.
The biggest challenge for doctors and patients remains the treatment of hormone-resistant carcinoma (which very often is also metastatic). Concerns of today’s medicine regarding effective therapies for this type of disease have recently led to a significant increase in the number of papers/studies on new-generation biological treatments.
Protocol for the Treatment Prostate Cancer - Dr Serge JurasunasSheldon Stein
Dr. Serge Jurasunas shares his Prostate Cancer Protocol in this paper, explaining the nature and treatment of Prostate Cancer from a Naturopathic Oncology Perspective. Professor Jurasunas is located in Lisbon Portugal and has lectured worldwide throughout his 50 years as a clinician.
He explains what can be done about the #1 cause of death in males even before lung cancer and what can be done, from the new perspective of Naturopathic Oncology.He offers an example, explains diagnostic procedures with Molecular markers and addresses detox, supplements and treatment.
Further information may be found in his new book, Health and Disease Begin in the Colon" and in his Blog: Naturopathiconcology.blogspot.com .
Diagnosis: Prompt and accurate diagnosis is crucial. It involves imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs, as well as biopsies to confirm the presence of pleural mesothelioma.
Treatment options: The management of pleural mesothelioma typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, which may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The choice of treatment depends on the stage and extent of the disease, as well as the patient's overall health.
Surgical interventions: Surgical options may include pleurectomy/decortication (removal of the affected tissue lining the lungs) or extrapleural pneumonectomy (removal of the affected lung, lining, and nearby structures). These procedures aim to remove as much of the cancerous tissue as possible.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy drugs are often used to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells. They can be administered orally or through intravenous infusions. Sometimes, chemotherapy is given before surgery to shrink tumors and after surgery to target any remaining cancer cells.
Radiation therapy: This treatment involves the use of high-energy X-rays or other radiation sources to target and destroy cancer cells. It can be used before or after surgery, or as a standalone treatment to alleviate symptoms and manage the disease.
Palliative care: Palliative care focuses on improving the quality of life for patients by managing pain, reducing symptoms, and providing emotional and psychological support. It can be integrated into the treatment plan at any stage of the disease.
1. Market Data
Fiscal Year June
Industry BioTech
Market Cap A$7.5M
Price/Earnings (ttm) N/A
Price/Book (mrq) 1.3x
Price/Sales (ttm) N/A
Top 20 Holder % 33%
Shares Outstanding 93.7M
Equity Float 80.6M
Avg. Volume (3 mo.) 230,497
As of March 29, 2016
Income Statement Snapshot
TTM
Revenue A$0.01M
Net Loss A($2.2M)
Balance Sheet Snapshot
MRQ
Cash A$1.9M
Debt A$0.0M
Company Website
prescienttherapeutics.com/
March 29, 2016
Target Price: A$0.46
Recent Price: A$0.08
Prescient
Therapeutics Ltd.
(ASX: PTX)
Company Overview
Prescient Therapeutics (“PTX,” “Prescient,” or the “Company”) is a clinical stage
oncology company developing novel compounds that show great promise as
potential new therapies to treat a range of cancers that have become resistant to
front-line chemotherapy. The Company’s novel compounds inhibit key tumor
survival pathways, restraining cancer growth across a variety of cancers including
breast, ovarian, leukemia, and multiple myeloma. PTX is currently in a Phase Ib/II
trial for breast cancer (partially funded by the U.S. Department of Defense), a Phase
Ib trial for ovarian cancer (partially funded by the National Cancer Institute), and
expects to initiate a Phase Ib trial for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in early
2016. The Company’s science/IP comes from Yale University and Moffitt Cancer
Center.
Valuation
Based on a NPV, we are valuing PTX at A$0.46. This values the Company’s five
clinical development programs for breast cancer (both PTX-200 and PTX-100),
ovarian cancer, AML, and multiple myeloma.
Investment Highlights
PTX’s therapies target the key tumor survival pathways Akt and Ras; Akt and
Ras activation is observed in a significant percentage of major cancer types
Drug resistance is one of the most significant problems in cancer therapy; PTX’s
therapies are designed to prevent or reverse resistance to cancer drugs
PTX has two cancer therapies in five different cancer clinical trials
Near-term data readouts during 2016 provide events that could lead to stock price
appreciation
Akt and Ras cause growth in cancer cells; PTX’s drug candidates block Akt and
Ras without generating off-target side effects
PTX-200 is currently in a Phase Ib/II trial for HER2- breast cancer; earlier trial
data showed anti-tumor activity and inhibition of tumor survival pathway Akt
PTX-200 is currently in a Phase Ib trial for ovarian cancer; current generic drugs
for ovarian cancer have low survival rates
PTX-200 is expected to enter a Phase Ib trial for AML in early 2016; earlier data
showed that over half of patients achieved stable disease after only one treatment
cycle, as well as reducing high p-Akt in AML patients blast cells
We believe that PTX-200 has shown the most impressive results from an Akt
inhibitor in AML to date
PTX-100 targets the Ras pathway; it is entering phase I for breast cancer and
multiple myeloma
Strong management team and key opinion leaders are backing PTX’s technology
2. Investment Highlights
PTX’s therapies target the key tumor survival pathways Akt and Ras; Akt and Ras activation is
observed in a significant percentage of major cancer types. PTX’s therapies are designed to target the
Akt and Ras biochemical “switches.” Preclinical data has shown that PTX’s therapies, when combined with
other established cancer drugs (this includes chemotherapy and biologics), inhibits cancer cell growth to a
greater degree than the cancer drug by itself. This indicates that PTX’s therapies may potentially be used as
either a stand-alone therapy or in combination with a wide variety of marketed oncology drugs. Akt and
Ras have generated significant interest from large pharmaceutical companies, due to the established basis
they have in contributing to the growth of a wide variety of major cancers. As the following chart shows,
Akt activation occurs at high percentages in a significant amount of major cancer types:
Tumor type % Tumors with active AKT
Glioma ~55
Thyroid carcinoma 80–100
Breast carcinoma 20–55
Small-cell lung carcinoma ~60
Non-small-cell lung carcinoma 30–75
Gastric carcinoma ~80
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors ~30
Pancreatic carcinoma 30–70
Bile duct carcinoma ~85
Ovarian carcinoma 40–70
Endometrial carcinoma >35
Prostate carcinoma 45–55
Renal cell carcinoma ~40
Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma 100
Acute myeloid leukemia ~70
Multiple myeloma ~90
Malignant mesothelioma
a
~65
Malignant melanomab
43–67
Ras activation has also been shown to occur in significant percentages in major cancers. Over 30% of all
human cancers are shown to have Ras mutations. PTX-100 targets geranylgeranyl transferase (GGTI),
which has been showed to greatly increase the risk of advanced cancer in breast cancer, endometrial
carcinoma, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, and liver cancer.
Targeted drugs such as PTX’s cancer therapies now make up the majority of the market for cancer
treatment, and the market share of targeted therapies is projected to continue to grow. Targeted therapies
have shown improved success rates in oncology clinical trials, as improved cancer testing and patient
screening have better identified which patients are likely to be responsive to a particular therapy. renal
cancer, and has shown anticancer activity against a variety of solid tumors. Next-generation mTOR
inhibitor everolimus is the standard of care for advanced pancreatic cancer, along with achieving approval
for a number of other cancers.
Drug resistance is one of the most significant problems in cancer therapy; PTX’s initial target
markets are focused on preventing or reversing resistance to cancer drugs. PTX’s drugs are designed
to prevent or reverse resistance to chemotherapy, which is one of the most significant problems in cancer
treatment. It is estimated that approximately 90% of metastatic cancers become resistant to chemotherapy.
Even targeted cancer treatments, such as HER-2 cancer drug Herceptin, develop resistance in the majority
a
Altomare et al. (2005)
b
Reviewed in Robertson (2005); remaining cancer types reviewed in Bellacosa et al. (2005)
Altomare, D., Testa J. Perturbations of the AKT signaling pathway in human cancer. Oncogene (2005) 24, 7455-
7464
3. of cases within one year of treatment for metastatic breast cancer (estimated to range from 66%-88%). The
following quote from University of Georgia associate professor Mandi Murph describes the importance of
overcoming chemotherapy resistance: “Within two years, 85 percent of women will have their (ovarian)
cancer come back in a more aggressive form … It is during that time that they won’t respond to the
chemotherapy … Chemoresistance prevents us from curing the disease … If we can cure chemoresistance,
we can cure ovarian cancer.” One of the most significant drivers of this resistance are the presence of
abnormal biochemical “switches” that, when turned on, contribute to cancer cell growth and lead to
metastasis.
PTX has two cancer therapies in five different cancer clinical trials. As the following chart shows, PTX
has two different cancer therapies that are currently engaged in five different human clinical trials:
PTX’s therapies have been the subject of over 65 peer reviewed publications to date. This indicates
enormous validation of the potential that the Company’s compounds have for treating cancer.
Near-term data readouts during 2016 provide events that could lead to stock price appreciation. The
PTX-200 clinical trials in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are scheduled
to have near-term data readouts during 2016. Positive data from these trials could lead to stock price
appreciation. The following table from the Company shows these near-term events:
4. Akt and Ras cause growth in cancer cells; PTX’s drug candidates block Akt and Ras without
generating off-target side effects. PTX-200 inhibits a tumor survival pathway known as Akt. Akt plays a
key role in the development of many cancers, including breast, ovarian, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic, and
hematological cancers. Given the wide range of cancers that Akt plays a role in, we believe that PTX-200
has significant platform potential over the long-term.
As the following diagrams show, PTX-200’s mechanism of action prevents Akt from anchoring to the cell
membrane, where it gets phosphorylated and activated, stimulating cancer cell division and growth:
5. PTX-100 has the ability to block an important cancer growth enzyme known as geranylgeranyl transferase
(GGT). This leads to the blocking/deactivation of the Ras tumor survival pathway. Mutations that directly
activate Ras are found in approximately 30% of cancers, and mutations occur more frequently in certain
types of cancers, including lung, colorectal, pancreatic, and melanoma. Previous treatments that attempted
to directly target Ras or target enzymes upstream of Ras have proven unsuccessful. PTX-100 is the first
drug in human clinical trials to attempt to block GGTI. The Ras signaling pathway is involved in many
other cancers through indirect activation. The Ras pathway is thought to play a role in approximately 50%
of breast cancers. Breast cancer is one of PTX-100’s current clinical trial programs.
PTX-200 is currently in a Phase Ib/II trial for HER2- breast cancer; earlier trial data showed anti-
tumor activity and inhibition of tumor survival pathway Akt. PTX-200 is currently in a phase Ib/II trial
for HER2- breast cancer. The trial combines PTX-200 with taxol in patients with metastatic and locally
advanced breast cancer. PTX’s Phase Ib/II trial in HER2- breast cancer is funded by a National Cancer
Institute (NCI) grant. All patients in the trial (n=17) have been dosed and the trial is now entering the
expansion phase. The recommended phase II dose of 35 mg/m2 has been determined.
The phase II portion of the trial is scheduled to commence during 1H16. The trial combines PTX-200 with
paclitaxel, followed by doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. These milestones could provide important near
term news for PTX.
There are multiple Akt inhibitors in phase I and phase II trials for multiple different types of breast cancer,
as shown in the following chart:
Target Compound ClinicalTrial.gov identifier Setting
Akt inhibitors Perifosine NCT00054145 Phase II; MBC, completed
MK2206 NCT01245205 Phase I; MK-2206 with lapatinib in solid tumors with dose expansion in HER2+ breast cancer
NCT01281163 Phase Ib; MK-2206 with lapatinib in HER2+ MBC
NCT01277757 Phase II; MK2206 in advanced breast cancer with PIK3CA mutation, or AKT mutation, or PTEN loss/mutation
NCT01776008 Phase II; neoadjuvant MK-2206 with anastrozole with or without goserelin in stage 2 or 3 PIK3CA mutant HR+, HER2– breast cancer
GDC0068 NCT01562275 Phase Ib; GDC-0973 (MEK inhibitor) and GDC-0068 in solid tumors
Paplomata, E., O’Regan R. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in breast cancer: targets, trials and biomarkers. Ther Adv Med Oncol.
2014 Jul; 6(4): 154-166
Earlier trial data in HER2- breast cancer showed evidence of safety, anti-tumor activity, and inhibition of
important tumor survival pathway Akt. This indicates the potential for positive efficacy and safety data in
future clinical trials.
6. According to IMS Health, sales of breast cancer drugs are set to grow from $9.8 billion by 2013 to $18.2
billion by 2023, or a CAGR of 5.8%. The fastest growing market in breast cancer drugs is the HER2+
subtype, with this market set to grow from $5.6 billion in 2013 to $12.5 billion in 2013, or a CAGR of
7.6%.
HER2+ breast cancer accounts for approximately 20% of breast cancers; the outsized market growth is due
to the success of HER2+ breast cancer drugs such as Herceptin. PTX-200 is targeting HER2- breast cancer,
which encompasses the other 80% of breast cancers. In our view, the most promising breast cancer
category for PTX-200 is triple negative breast cancer, which makes up approximately 10-20% of breast
cancers. Most patients in this category have resistance to chemotherapy, and half of these patients die
within five years. Chemotherapy is the main treatment option to treat these patients.
Additionally, as the following table shows, the chemotherapy response rate in estrogen receptor (ER) and
hormone receptor (HR) positive advanced breast cancer, as defined by the pathological complete response
(pCR), is under 10%. Research indicates that activation of the Akt pathway increases resistance to
endocrine therapy. The pCR in ER- and HR-negative advanced breast cancer has been shown to range from
about 17%-33%.
First author n (% with positive ER/HR) pCR in ER/HR-positive (%) pCR in ER/HR-negative (%)
Bear 2286 (45) 8.2 16.7
Ring 435 (71) 8.1 21.6
von Minckwitz 904 (68) 6.2 22.8
Colleoni 399 (43) 7.6 33.3
Guarneri 1719 (67) 7.8 23.7
Barrios C., Sampaio C., Vinholes J., Caponero R. What is the role of chemotherapy in estrogen receptor-positive, advanced breast
cancer? Ann Oncol (2009) 20 (7): 1157-1162
Early-stage HER2- breast cancer shows better response rates to chemotherapy, but over half of patients still
show chemoresistance. Given the high rates of chemotherapy resistance in HER2- breast cancer, we believe
that a multibillion dollar market opportunity exists for PTX-200 in HER2- breast cancer.
PTX-200 is currently in a Phase Ib trial for ovarian cancer; current generic drugs for ovarian cancer
have low survival rates. PTX-200 is currently in a phase Ib/II trial for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.
The trial combines PTX-200 with Carboplatin. The phase Ib trial is partially funded by the NCI.
A recent report from Visiongain projects that the ovarian cancer drug market will reach $1.7 billion by
2019, with growth driven mostly by the recent approvals of Yondelis and Avastin. Efficacy results from
these drugs were mediocre at best, with both drugs gaining EU approval but receiving rejection from the
FDA. Other ovarian cancer drugs currently in late-stage trials are projected to either not be approved or are
expected to have limited sales. Various targeted therapies in earlier-stage trials may provide improved
efficacy, although this is yet to be determined.
The primary treatment of ovarian cancer remains generic chemotherapies. Chemoresistance remains very
high, as indicated by high recurrence and mortality rates for ovarian cancer. Almost all patients who
receive chemotherapy for ovarian cancer are either resistant initially to chemotherapy or end up relapsing.
Prognosis following relapse is poor.
7. Big pharma has been testing Akt inhibitors in several early-stage clinical trials. Akt inhibitors are could
potentially show enhanced antitumor effects relative to mTOR inhibitors, as Akt acts upstream of mTOR.
The following table shows the Akt inhibitors that have published results in ovarian cancer:
Phase Treatment No. of OCpatients Selected toxicities Efficacy
I Perifosine (MTD = 150 mg/day) + docetaxel 21 Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and fatigue
At MTD in 11 patients, PR in 1 PTEN-null patient, SD in 3
patients
I GSK795 (25, 50, or 75 mg/day) 12 Grade 2 anorexia (18%) and vomiting (18%)
2 (16%) cases of SD for 6 months with tumor shrinkage of
26% and 11%, respectively
I
GSK211 (50-150 mg/day) + carboplatin (AUC =
5) + paclitaxel (175 mg/m2)
29 Grade 1/2 diarrhea, nausea, and fatigue
All patients in dose escalation: ORR = 30%; At MTD: ORR =
50%
MTD, maximal tolerated dose; AUC, area under curve; SD, stable disease; ORR, objective response rate.
Cheaib B., Auguste A., Leary A. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in ovarian cancer: therapeutic opportunities and challenges. Chin J
Cancer. 2015 Jan; 34(1): 4-16
In addition to the compounds in the above table, there are a few other Akt inhibitors in clinical trials for
ovarian cancer. Below is a table detailing the current Akt inhibitors currently engaged in clinical trials:
Compound Trial Design Population Registration
MK - 2206 Phase II Monotherapy Recurrent Ovarian NCT01283035
AZD5363
Phase Ib plus olaparib
and AZD 2014 (mTOR
inhibitor) Phase I
monotherapy
Recurrent endometrial
and Ovarian Cancer
Advanced Malignancies
(Includes Ovarian)
NCT02208375
NCT01226516
GSK 2110183 Phase I/II dose finding
Platinum resistant
Ovarian Cancer
NCT01653912
Perifosine Phase I plus docetaxel
Relapsed Ovarian
Cancer
NCT00431054
Musa F., Schneider R. Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in ovarian cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2015; 4(1): 97-106
PTX-200 is expected to enter a Phase Ib trial for AML in early 2016; earlier data showed that over
half of patients achieved stable disease after only one treatment cycle. PTX-200 is expected to enter a
phase Ib trial for AML in early 2016. The trial will combine PTX-200 with cytarabine in refractory or
relapsed acute leukemia.
A 32 patient phase I trial has been completed in AML. 17 out of 32 patients had achieved stable disease
after one treatment cycle, and three patients achieved a greater than 50% bone marrow blast reduction,
which is potentially indicative of PTX-200’s efficacy. PTX-200 also reduced pAKT in AML blasts,
providing another potential indicator of efficacy. PTX-200 was used as a monotherapy in its phase I trial,
and we think that efficacy has an opportunity to increase, given that it is now being combined with
cytarabine in its upcoming Phase Ib trial. Preclinical data showed that PTX-200 is highly synergistic with
cytarabine when treating AML cells:
8. PTX-200 was also shown to be safe, which is significant, given that past human trials in Akt inhibitors for
AML showed significant levels of toxicity.
AML survival rates are abysmal. For patients under 60 years old, the five-year survival rate is about 30%-
35%. For patients over 60 years old, the five-year survival rate is under 10%. As the patient population
ages, finding better treatment options for AML will be key. Primary chemotherapy treatment for AML
includes cytarabine. However, resistance typically occurs, as evidenced by the low AML survival rates.
We believe that PTX-200 has shown the most impressive results from an Akt inhibitor in AML to
date. In our view, the results from PTX-200 in AML are the most impressive results from an Akt inhibitor
in AML to date. As stated above, the Company’s phase I trial showed that 17 out of 32 patients achieved
stable disease after only one treatment cycle, and three patients achieved a greater than 50% bone marrow
blast reduction. Other published results in Akt inhibitors for AML have shown significant toxicity and low
overall response rates (ORR), as indicated in the below table of Akt inhibitors currently in clinical trials for
leukemia:
Compound Target Disease/ Model Result Reference
Perifosine AKT CLL phase II, ORR 1 (12,5%) of 8, SD 6 (75%) of 8 patients Friedman, Lanasa et al., Leuk Lymphoma, 2014 [134]
Perifosine + UCN-01 AKT AML phase I, ORR 0 (0%) of 11 patients Gojo, Perl et al., Invest New Drugs, 2013 [90]
GSK2141795 + MEK inhibitor AKT1/2/3 several cancer types in vitro efficacyin cell lines and murine models Dumble, Crouthamel et al., PLOS One, 2014 [135]
GSK2141795 + Trametinib AKT1/2/3 AML phase II, ongoing ClinicalTrials.govIdentifier: NCT01907815
MK-2206 AKT1 ALL Reversal of glucocorticoid resistance in vitro and in vivo Piovan, Yu et al., Cancer Cell, 2013 [52]
GSK690693 pan AKT ALL
in vitro inhibition of proliferation and induction of
apoptosis
Levy, Kahana et al., Blood, 2009 [136]
Fransecky L., Mochmann L., Baldus C. Outlook on PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibition in acute leukemia. Mol Cell Ther. 2015; 3: 2.
PTX-100 targets the Ras pathway; it is entering phase I for breast cancer and multiple myeloma.
PTX-100 has been shown to be well tolerated in a study of advanced solid tumors. The trial had 13 patients
and determined a maximum tolerated dose of 2060 mg/kg. PTX-100 is set to enter phase I trials for breast
cancer and multiple myeloma, and the expected start dates for both trials are in 4Q16.
9. Preclinical results for PTX-100 (GGTI-2418) showed significant inhibitions in tumor growth volume. 100
mg/kg of PTX-100 daily resulted in a 94% reduction in tumor volume, and 200 mg/kg of PTX-100 every
third day resulted in a 77% reduction in tumor volume (p<0.005 for both treatment schedules).
There is a correlation between GGTI and both the overall risk of cancer and the probability of cancer to
grow and metastasize. GGTI blocks/deactivates the Ras pathway. Previous attempts to directly target Ras
have been unsuccessful, and clinical work is now either focusing on targeting upstream proteins that target
Ras (such as GGTI), or on pathways downstream of Ras. Until PTX-100, work focusing on targeting
upstream proteins of Ras has been confined to preclinical or very early clinical trial work (human clinical
trials targeting farnesyltransferase have been unsuccessful), while targets of downstream pathways of Ras
are in a variety of Phase I and Phase II clinical trials. PTX-100 is the only GGTI inhibitor in human clinical
trials.
PTX is planning to develop a novel cancer biomarker, p27, as a companion diagnostic to determine which
patients will respond best to PTX-100. It is thought that patients with low levels of p27 have overactive
Rho proteins. Rho proteins are part of the Ras pathway and are activated by GGTI (GGTI blocks the Ras
pathway and thus also blocks Rho proteins). P27 typically acts as a “brake” on cancer cell growth, and thus
low levels of p27 would likely lead to a greater risk of cancer cell growth. In one study of 167 node-
negative breast carcinomas 66% of women had low levels of p27. We believe that the development of p27
will increase the probability of successful trials for PTX.
Strong management team and key opinion leaders are backing PTX’s technology. PTX has amassed
an impressive management team, key opinion leaders, and clinical advocates to help run their upcoming
clinical trials in PTX-200. We believe that this helps in a number of ways, including assuring that company
resources are used in an effective manner, that PTX’s technology is of high quality and has strong
development potential, and that upcoming clinical trials will be run effectively and will be designed to best
assess the true efficacy and safety of PTX’s drugs.
Bios of key management, directors, and advisory personnel are available at the following links:
http://prescienttherapeutics.com/management-team/, http://prescienttherapeutics.com/directors/,
http://prescienttherapeutics.com/scientific-advisory-board/.
Patents granted in major jurisdictions until 2030. The Company’s patent portfolio should ensure that
PTX-200 and PTX-100, if they reach commercialization, will be able to sell their drugs on all major
revenue generating jurisdictions, and for a long enough period of time, to make development profitable and
worthwhile.
10. Valuation
Based on a rNPV, we are valuing PTX at A$0.46. This values the Company’s five clinical development
programs for breast cancer (both PTX-200 and PTX-100), ovarian cancer, AML, and multiple myeloma.
Some notes on our model:
- The majority of the Company’s value comes from PTX-200 in breast cancer and AML. We
believe that this is where the Company’s best clinical results have occurred to date. In particular,
we believe that PTX’s AML phase I trial results are the best results seen in an Akt inhibitor.
- We believe that the majority of the Company’s resources will be spent on developing PTX-200.
Our model assumes that partnering of the Company’s development programs occurs following
phase IIb results.
- We are assuming that the Company will raise an additional A$50 million at a weighted average
share price of A$0.25 to fund development of PTX-200 through phase IIb trials for breast cancer,
ovarian cancer, and AML, PTX-100 for breast cancer through a phase Ib/IIa trial, and PTX-100
for multiple myeloma through a phase Ia trial. We believe that the Company, if results are
positive, will be able to partner PTX-200 following phase IIb trials. Upfront license fees from
partnering can be used to fund other programs without further dilution.
- We are assuming that the Company’s per patient costs increase in its phase IIb trials for PTX-200.
This is assuming, in addition to the higher costs present with running a trial at additional centers,
that patients are screened for mutations that infer a higher probability of responding to an akt
inhibitor. This would increase trial costs, but also lead to a higher probability of trial success.
- Akt plays a role in a significant number of cancers, so we believe that the patient population that
would respond to an akt inhibitor could comprise a large percentage of the patient population.
- Given PTX-200’s positioning as an adjunctive therapy, strong safety profile, and strong
management team and client advocates, we believe that the Company will not have significant
issues with patient enrollment.
- We are assuming a per patient treatment price of A$47,000. We believe this is in line with the
prices of other small molecule kinase inhibitors.
- Our license, milestone, and royalty payments are based on licensing deals on a per indication
basis. If PTX were to execute a deal licensing PTX-200 for all indications, we believe that the fees
and royalties received would be much greater.
Ultimately, we think that PTX-200 could be prescribed as first- or second-line therapy in advanced stage
cancers. This is due to the need to prevent or reverse chemotherapy resistance as early as possible
(evidence suggests that chemoresistance rates increase following each failed therapy) and the fact that we
believe that it will be in the interest of chemotherapy marketers to combine PTX-200 with their
chemotherapy. This is because of the economic benefits that would be derived from using chemotherapy
treatment for a longer period of time.
11. Peer Comparison
Company Name Ticker
Share
Price
(USD)
Market Cap
(USD)
Cash
(MRQ, USD)
Total Debt
(MRQ, USD)
Rexahn Pharmaceuticals RNN 0.32 $69.2M $23.4M $0.0M
Sunesis Pharmaceuticals SNSS 0.54 $46.3M $26.9M $7.8M
MEI Pharma MEIP 1.20 $41.0M $53.8M $0.0M
Curis Inc CRIS 1.49 $192.2M $82.2M $24.2M
Verastem Inc VSTM 1.42 $52.5M $110.3M $0.0M
Median $52.5M $53.8M $0.0M
Average $80.3M $59.3M $6.4M
Prescient Therapeutics PTX.AX $0.06 $5.7M $1.4M $0.0M
Source: ThomsonReuters, as of March 29, 2016
The following table represents peer comparables that are developing kinase inhibitors. The closest
comparable, in our view, to PTX is RNN. RNN’s most advanced clinical trial program is an AKT-1
inhibitor in a phase IIa trial for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. CRIS’s lead compound is a HDAC and
PI3K inhibitor in a phase II trial for relapsed, refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and a phase I trial in
patients with solid tumors. SNSS, MEIP, and VSTM experienced development setbacks throughout the
year and have all experienced 80%+ declines from their 52-week highs. The development setbacks for
SNSS and MEIP were in programs unrelated to kinase inhibitors. We believe that the strong valuations for
RNN and CRIS indicate the potential seen in kinase inhibitors, although all of the comps have a much
larger cash balance than PTX.
Risks
There is no guarantee that the Company’s clinical trials for PTX-200 or PTX-100 will show
statistically significant efficacy. There is no guarantee that the Company will achieve its primary
endpoints in its upcoming clinical trials. However, the Company has shown promising early data in breast
cancer, ovarian cancer, and AML for PTX-200.
PTX’s future capital needs are uncertain. While near-term capital needs are fairly certain, longer-term
capital needs are uncertain, and will be driven by such factors as clinical trial results, clinical trial design,
potential partnering with other pharma or biotech companies, and initiating clinical trials in new diseases.
Depending on how multiple factors occur, the Company’s capital raise needs could change significantly.
There is no guarantee that PTX-200 and PTX-100 will continue to show strong safety data. A portion
of kinase inhibitors have shown poor safety data in clinical trials. There is no guarantee that PTX-200 and
PTX-100 will continue to show strong safety data. Results to data have indicated that the Company’s drugs
are safe, and the unique mechanism of action of the drugs is thought to prevent the off-target effects seen in
other kinase inhibitors.
It is likely that the future commercial potential of PTX’s drugs will depend heavily on future
partnership agreements. We are currently modeling for PTX to partner their drugs following phase IIb
trials. Future potential cash flows from PTX’s drugs will depend heavily on the company or companies that
PTX partners with. This decision will likely impact phase III (or earlier if partnerships happen at an earlier
timepoint) trial designs, milestones/royalties received, and where and how effectively their drugs are
marketed if approved for commercial use.
13. Additional Information
Auditor: Ernst & Young
Company Information
Company Website
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Company Contact Info:
Prescient Therapeutics Ltd.
Level 4
100 Albert Road
South Melbourne VIC 3205
+61 3 9692 7222
justin@ptxtherapeutics.com
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RedChip Companies, Inc.
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