The document is a literature review paper on the rehabilitation of pedophiles. It summarizes research finding that pedophiles can receive treatment like therapy and castration, but the effectiveness of treatment is unclear as recidivism is difficult to measure. While treatment may help reduce urges, experts say there is no cure for the underlying attraction to children. The paper calls for more research to better understand pedophilia and prevent child abuse.
Male Sexual Addiction by Dr. LaVelle Hendricks - Published in the NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS OF COUNSELING AND ADDICTION - www.nationalforum.com - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, Houston, Texas
Running Head JUVENILE PROSTITUTIONJUVENILE PROSTITUTION.docxcowinhelen
Running Head: JUVENILE PROSTITUTION
JUVENILE PROSTITUTION
Juvenile Prostitution
Human Development and Environments
Name
University Of xxxxxx
Abstract
Juvenile prostitution has disastrous effects to the mental, social, and physical development of a child. The paper explores the causes, effects, and prevention approaches that will eliminate juvenile prostitution. The research will use eco-developmental theory provides a premise for exploring the investigation on juvenile prostitution. Effort need to focus on broadening the prevention programs that are community based that helps to identify vulnerable children before they end up on the streets. The paper will provide stakeholders with an opportunity to understand the gravity of juvenile prostitution and develop appropriate interventions.
Background
In many conventions and tourist cities, child prostitution is rampant and growing at an alarming rate. According to the federal bureau of investigation, Atlanta tops among the cities with the highest number of children who engage in prostitution. There are concerted efforts of religious groups, lawmakers, and advocates for juvenile justice in the state. These efforts have not been fruitful since there is less focus on a lasting solution to the problem. Critics argue that efforts should be providing a sustainable program that will prevent vulnerable children from taking part in the vice. There has been a focus on increasing penalties for offenders without addressing the cause of the problem. Despite the stringent laws and penalties, the vice has continued to thrive. It is critical to note that efforts should be placed on developing treatment programs that help children who are sexually exploited. The efforts need to focus on broadening the prevention programs that are community-based that contribute to identify vulnerable children before they end up on the streets.
Introduction
Juvenile prostitution is an issue of concern in the society since it fuels human trafficking, kidnapping, serial rape, abuse of human rights, and exploitation. Most of these children are lured or abducted by traffickers who brand them or beaten into submission. Those that try to get away are either killed or tortured. Review of foster care is imperatives since many of these children are raped and abused in these placements. It is imperative to note that these children decide to run away since foster-care homes are inhabitable (Plumridge & Abel, 2001). It is imperative that the discourse should be placed on the role of child welfare systems since they have failed to identify children who are trafficked for sex. Even in their knowledge on the existence of these problems, the child welfare systems argue that the responsibility is outside their jurisdiction and purview. The argument is that the perpetrators of the vices are not caregivers or parents; thus, they shift the responsibility to law enforcement officers. Breggin (2008) says, “These children are not ...
ANNOTATION
Bullyingjpc_1769 140..141
Kenneth P Nunn
Bronte Adolescent Intensive Care Mental Health Unit, The Forensic Hospital, Malabar, New South Wales, Australia
Key words: bullying; sensitive children; victims.
The invitation to write this paper raised a number of difficulties
for me. I was aware, of course, that what was in the frame of
discussion was the behaviour of children. Secondly, the major
focus is on the protection of anxious children from other chil-
dren with conduct difficulties or just garden-variety playground
insensitivity. There are some excellent websites that address
these issues1 and some recent Finnish longitudinal research2,3
that is the first of its kind, which broadly summarised says the
following:
1 There is a substantial increase in psychopathology in both
young men and women almost two decades after being fre-
quently bullied at age 8 years, with anxiety disorders,
depression and conduct disorder, all increased.
2 There is a substantial increase in psychopathology for both
young men and women almost two decades after doing the
bullying at age 8 years.
3 There is a substantial increase in suicide attempts and com-
pleted suicide in young adult women who have been fre-
quently bullied even after adjusting for depression and
conduct disorder.
4 There were increased rates of suicide and attempted suicide
in young men (including bullies, victims and boys who were
both bullies and victims at age 8 years), but the increase
disappeared when depression and conduct disorder were
taken into account.
There are at least five main emphases in the management of
bullying, which include the following:
1 Special targeting of girls who are frequently victimised for
prevention programmes may reduce completed suicide in
young adult women by up to 10%.3
2 Teaching children ways to avoid being bullied is likely to
be more effective than attempting to reducing bullying
behaviour.4
3 Teaching problem-solving skills and positive interaction skills
are likely to be as, or more, helpful than programmes that
emphasise rules and consequences to discourage bullying.4
4 Most interventions help a little if implemented thoroughly.
Most are not implemented thoroughly.
5 Cyber bullying must now be considered as part of the spec-
trum of bullying behaviour.1
However, I would like to be strategically obtuse for a moment
in order to address the problem without respect to children
alone and without the inevitable recourse to vulnerable targets
and less obviously, vulnerable perpetrators. These areas have
been discussed for so long in the literature and in the popular
wisdom that I do not believe I have anything new to offer.
Over the last 3 years, I have been working in the juvenile
detention centres in New South Wales, where around 400 chil-
dren at any one time, aged 10–18 years, are detained on remand
or with custodial orders. Over 90% are male and 50–60% indig-
enous. Those 20% with severe mental illness have an almost
90% recidivi.
McDonald 6Name Sonja McDonaldCourse Name ENG 111-2902.docxalfredacavx97
McDonald 6
Name: Sonja McDonald
Course Name: ENG 111-2902
Institution: Fayetteville Technical Community College
Instructor: Professor Stephanie High
Date: 17 July 2019
Child Abuse
Introduction
This research paper will involve the reviewing of the issue of child abuse. Child abuse is an issues that has been happening in the society since the ancient times. However, in the modern world, the categorization and the definition of child abuse has changed. Definition of child abuse will involve the inclusion of the different forms of the abuse, common modes of child abuse and the interventions that can be used for addressing of the issues of child abuse. There are different reasons as to why the research study about child abuse is important in the current world, due to the fact that the gathering of data and information about child abuse will help in the devising of strategies and ways of addressing this crisis. According to reports by different organizations such as World Health Organization(WHO), most of the cases of child abuse can be avoided or even treated. Forms of child abuse such as physical, sexual, neglect and even emotional or psychological abuse can be prevented through understanding them.
Rationale for the selection of the topic of child abuse as a research paper is to pass information to the people about the adverse effects associated with child abuse, interventions which can be used for addressing the issue of child abuse and the possible reasons for the increase in the cases of child abuse in the modern world. Consequently, researching on this topic of child abuse helps in the minimization of cots that would have been incurred fostering care, counselling in the family as well medical care. Rationally, most people still have the mentality and perception that child abuse is characterized by the old definitions of working in farms and factories as well as plantations. However, in the current world, child abuse has been revolutionized as well. Issues of sexual abuse and exploitation, such as trafficking, rape and commercial sex are emerging issues in child abuse. Adverse effects of child abuse are normally evident due to the fact that some aspects of child abuse such as emotional hardly heal (Jud, Andreas, Jörg M. Fegert, and David Finkelhor, 17). Due to the fact that issues of child abuse have been ignored in the society, analysis and research on this issue will help in the addressing and handling of this issue.
Background
Different definitions and forms of child abuse have been suggested by both scholars and researchers. Basically, child abuse or even child maltreatment involves the previously identified forms, that is sexual, emotional, neglect and physical. Most of the countries have been sensitizing on the issue of child abuse, with these four notable forms of child abuse having penalties and custody depending on the seriousness of the case. Different perceptions and ideas have been presented with regard to corporal punishmen.
Symbolic Interactionism Theory - PHDessay.com. (PDF) Symbolic Interactionism. Symbolic Interactionism In Sociology Pdf - slide share. Symbolic Interactionism | PDF | Sociology | Gender. Compare and contrast two of the following: functionalism, conflict .... Symbolic Interactionism as a Tool for Conveying Ideas: Dissecting the .... 10 Symbolic Interactionism Examples (And Easy Definition).
Male Sexual Addiction by Dr. LaVelle Hendricks - Published in the NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS OF COUNSELING AND ADDICTION - www.nationalforum.com - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, Houston, Texas
Running Head JUVENILE PROSTITUTIONJUVENILE PROSTITUTION.docxcowinhelen
Running Head: JUVENILE PROSTITUTION
JUVENILE PROSTITUTION
Juvenile Prostitution
Human Development and Environments
Name
University Of xxxxxx
Abstract
Juvenile prostitution has disastrous effects to the mental, social, and physical development of a child. The paper explores the causes, effects, and prevention approaches that will eliminate juvenile prostitution. The research will use eco-developmental theory provides a premise for exploring the investigation on juvenile prostitution. Effort need to focus on broadening the prevention programs that are community based that helps to identify vulnerable children before they end up on the streets. The paper will provide stakeholders with an opportunity to understand the gravity of juvenile prostitution and develop appropriate interventions.
Background
In many conventions and tourist cities, child prostitution is rampant and growing at an alarming rate. According to the federal bureau of investigation, Atlanta tops among the cities with the highest number of children who engage in prostitution. There are concerted efforts of religious groups, lawmakers, and advocates for juvenile justice in the state. These efforts have not been fruitful since there is less focus on a lasting solution to the problem. Critics argue that efforts should be providing a sustainable program that will prevent vulnerable children from taking part in the vice. There has been a focus on increasing penalties for offenders without addressing the cause of the problem. Despite the stringent laws and penalties, the vice has continued to thrive. It is critical to note that efforts should be placed on developing treatment programs that help children who are sexually exploited. The efforts need to focus on broadening the prevention programs that are community-based that contribute to identify vulnerable children before they end up on the streets.
Introduction
Juvenile prostitution is an issue of concern in the society since it fuels human trafficking, kidnapping, serial rape, abuse of human rights, and exploitation. Most of these children are lured or abducted by traffickers who brand them or beaten into submission. Those that try to get away are either killed or tortured. Review of foster care is imperatives since many of these children are raped and abused in these placements. It is imperative to note that these children decide to run away since foster-care homes are inhabitable (Plumridge & Abel, 2001). It is imperative that the discourse should be placed on the role of child welfare systems since they have failed to identify children who are trafficked for sex. Even in their knowledge on the existence of these problems, the child welfare systems argue that the responsibility is outside their jurisdiction and purview. The argument is that the perpetrators of the vices are not caregivers or parents; thus, they shift the responsibility to law enforcement officers. Breggin (2008) says, “These children are not ...
ANNOTATION
Bullyingjpc_1769 140..141
Kenneth P Nunn
Bronte Adolescent Intensive Care Mental Health Unit, The Forensic Hospital, Malabar, New South Wales, Australia
Key words: bullying; sensitive children; victims.
The invitation to write this paper raised a number of difficulties
for me. I was aware, of course, that what was in the frame of
discussion was the behaviour of children. Secondly, the major
focus is on the protection of anxious children from other chil-
dren with conduct difficulties or just garden-variety playground
insensitivity. There are some excellent websites that address
these issues1 and some recent Finnish longitudinal research2,3
that is the first of its kind, which broadly summarised says the
following:
1 There is a substantial increase in psychopathology in both
young men and women almost two decades after being fre-
quently bullied at age 8 years, with anxiety disorders,
depression and conduct disorder, all increased.
2 There is a substantial increase in psychopathology for both
young men and women almost two decades after doing the
bullying at age 8 years.
3 There is a substantial increase in suicide attempts and com-
pleted suicide in young adult women who have been fre-
quently bullied even after adjusting for depression and
conduct disorder.
4 There were increased rates of suicide and attempted suicide
in young men (including bullies, victims and boys who were
both bullies and victims at age 8 years), but the increase
disappeared when depression and conduct disorder were
taken into account.
There are at least five main emphases in the management of
bullying, which include the following:
1 Special targeting of girls who are frequently victimised for
prevention programmes may reduce completed suicide in
young adult women by up to 10%.3
2 Teaching children ways to avoid being bullied is likely to
be more effective than attempting to reducing bullying
behaviour.4
3 Teaching problem-solving skills and positive interaction skills
are likely to be as, or more, helpful than programmes that
emphasise rules and consequences to discourage bullying.4
4 Most interventions help a little if implemented thoroughly.
Most are not implemented thoroughly.
5 Cyber bullying must now be considered as part of the spec-
trum of bullying behaviour.1
However, I would like to be strategically obtuse for a moment
in order to address the problem without respect to children
alone and without the inevitable recourse to vulnerable targets
and less obviously, vulnerable perpetrators. These areas have
been discussed for so long in the literature and in the popular
wisdom that I do not believe I have anything new to offer.
Over the last 3 years, I have been working in the juvenile
detention centres in New South Wales, where around 400 chil-
dren at any one time, aged 10–18 years, are detained on remand
or with custodial orders. Over 90% are male and 50–60% indig-
enous. Those 20% with severe mental illness have an almost
90% recidivi.
McDonald 6Name Sonja McDonaldCourse Name ENG 111-2902.docxalfredacavx97
McDonald 6
Name: Sonja McDonald
Course Name: ENG 111-2902
Institution: Fayetteville Technical Community College
Instructor: Professor Stephanie High
Date: 17 July 2019
Child Abuse
Introduction
This research paper will involve the reviewing of the issue of child abuse. Child abuse is an issues that has been happening in the society since the ancient times. However, in the modern world, the categorization and the definition of child abuse has changed. Definition of child abuse will involve the inclusion of the different forms of the abuse, common modes of child abuse and the interventions that can be used for addressing of the issues of child abuse. There are different reasons as to why the research study about child abuse is important in the current world, due to the fact that the gathering of data and information about child abuse will help in the devising of strategies and ways of addressing this crisis. According to reports by different organizations such as World Health Organization(WHO), most of the cases of child abuse can be avoided or even treated. Forms of child abuse such as physical, sexual, neglect and even emotional or psychological abuse can be prevented through understanding them.
Rationale for the selection of the topic of child abuse as a research paper is to pass information to the people about the adverse effects associated with child abuse, interventions which can be used for addressing the issue of child abuse and the possible reasons for the increase in the cases of child abuse in the modern world. Consequently, researching on this topic of child abuse helps in the minimization of cots that would have been incurred fostering care, counselling in the family as well medical care. Rationally, most people still have the mentality and perception that child abuse is characterized by the old definitions of working in farms and factories as well as plantations. However, in the current world, child abuse has been revolutionized as well. Issues of sexual abuse and exploitation, such as trafficking, rape and commercial sex are emerging issues in child abuse. Adverse effects of child abuse are normally evident due to the fact that some aspects of child abuse such as emotional hardly heal (Jud, Andreas, Jörg M. Fegert, and David Finkelhor, 17). Due to the fact that issues of child abuse have been ignored in the society, analysis and research on this issue will help in the addressing and handling of this issue.
Background
Different definitions and forms of child abuse have been suggested by both scholars and researchers. Basically, child abuse or even child maltreatment involves the previously identified forms, that is sexual, emotional, neglect and physical. Most of the countries have been sensitizing on the issue of child abuse, with these four notable forms of child abuse having penalties and custody depending on the seriousness of the case. Different perceptions and ideas have been presented with regard to corporal punishmen.
Symbolic Interactionism Theory - PHDessay.com. (PDF) Symbolic Interactionism. Symbolic Interactionism In Sociology Pdf - slide share. Symbolic Interactionism | PDF | Sociology | Gender. Compare and contrast two of the following: functionalism, conflict .... Symbolic Interactionism as a Tool for Conveying Ideas: Dissecting the .... 10 Symbolic Interactionism Examples (And Easy Definition).
2. Abstract In life there are times when you hear or watch the news and are utterly shocked and dismayed by what you hear or see. I sometimes struggle to understand how and why a person would cause irreversible damage to someone else by violating them by sexually abusing them. It is even more difficult for me to grasp how the person can be a pedophile and say that they loved the person(s) they abused. What I want to research and write about is whether or not a pedophile can be successfully rehabilitated. I have read that there are cases in which rehabilitation has been successful. However, I have not put a great deal of research into this subject thus far so this paper will give me that opportunity. I am interested in educating myself about whether or not they can be rehabilitated. Perhaps I will learn to have sympathy toward a pedophile and be able to assist in rehabilitating them.
3. Literature Findings “By diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, a pedophile is an individual who fantasizes about, is sexually aroused by, or experiences sexual urges toward prepubescent children (generally <13 years) for a period of at least 6 months” (Hall & Hall, 2007). The pedophile is usually 16 years old and must be at least 5 years older than the victim to be considered a pedophile. The pedophile can be homosexual, bisexual, or heterosexual; typically if the pedophile is heterosexual they prefer younger girls around the ages of 8-10 and if the pedophile is homosexual they prefer boys that are a little older.
4. Some modes of rehabilitation for pedophiles are physical castration, chemical castration and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the group setting and individual therapy. However, according to the research which concurs with each other is that the true rate of recidivism is unknown because the studies rely on self-reports of recidivism. So, it is not totally clear as to what is the most effective mode of treatment for the pedophile is, and if they are able to be rehabilitated entirely. The articles are strong in the basic information on the pedophile such as the general age range of the pedophile which appears to be mostly middle aged men, what offences they have committed such as what type of sexual relations they had with the child and the general age of the victims. But what the research lacks is why these people find themselves attracted to children and how to effectively stop sexual abuse from happening. One article states that pedophiles sometimes commit sexual abuse because the child was available and they were less fearful of rejection from a child than an adult.
5. What I would like to know through further research is if the pedophile receives treatment than can or should they be deemed rehabilitated? Based on some of the research thus far, a lot of pedophiles lie and manipulate the parole boards to be released and then they go on to recidivate. I would also like to know if it is for the greater good of society if we monitor the pedophile via ankle bracelet for the rest of their lives to ensure they do not hurt a child again.
6. Conclusions During the course of my research I have come across a few prevailing arguments that seem to make the most sense to me and that is, “one school of treatment specialists considers confrontational group therapy to be the most effective way to rehabilitate sex offenders. The experts argue that the first step in treatment is to break denial and minimization” (Muster, 1992). However, all the research indicates that there is no “cure for sexual feelings toward children nor promises an explanation of how sexual interest in children develops” (Gillies, Hashmall, Hilton, & Webster, 1992). Preventive therapy helps as well as group and individual therapy after an act of abuse has occurred to aid in reducing the chances of acting on these urges or to reduce the likelihood of recidivism, but no form of therapy can truly take away the sexual feelings toward children.
7. There has been significant progress in research about pedophiles in the past 30 years however, we still do not have enough information. As mentioned above, doctors still do not know why or how a person becomes a pedophile. We need to conduct more research in this area to help prevent child abuse from occurring due to pedophiles sexual attractions and urges. I would like to know if it is biological in nature, if it is a product of environment, or a combination of the two . It is reported that approximately 38 million children in the USA are victims of sexual abuse at the hands of a pedophile. This research is important because we are talking about millions of lives that are affected because pedophiles do serious irreversible harm to children and their families. We need to come up with a more effective solution to keep our kids safe. Megan’s Law was one solution but unless you are researching who moves into your neighborhood constantly the law is not as effective as it should be. There is also the problem of other people coming in and out of your neighborhood on a constant basis that we do not who they are such as mailmen/women or garbage men/women. We need to find out what makes a pedophiles brain tick in order to save our children.
8. References Cohen, L. G., Steinfeld, M., Frenda, S., & II., G. (2008, November). Comparison of personality traits in pedophiles, abstinent opiate addicts, and healthy controls: Considering pedophilia as an addictive behavior. Retrieved January 14, 2011, from Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease-Volume 196, Issue 11: http://search.proquest.com/docview/621632927?accountid=34899 Drapeau, M., Korner, A. C., Granger, L., & Brunet, L. (2005). What Sex Abusers Say About Their Treatment: Results from a Qualitative Study on Pedophiles in Treatment at a Canadian Penitentiary Clinic. Retrieved January 14, 2011, from Journal of Child Sexual Abuse-Volume 14, Issue 1, pp.91-115: http://search.proquest.com/docview/217509406?accountid=34899 Fraad, H. (2008). Review of Child abuse and crime. Retrieved January 14, 2011, from The Journal of Psychohistory-Volume 36, Issue 1, pp.85-88: http://search.proquest.com/docview/621998379?accountid=34899 Gillies, L. A., Hashmall, J. M., Hilton, N. Z., & Webster, C. D. (1992, April). Relapse prevention in pedophiles: Clinical issues and program development. Retrieved January 14, 2011, from Canadian Psychology/Psychologiecanadienne-Volume 33, Issue 2, pp. 199-210: http://search.proquest.com/docview/614310978?accountid=34899 Hall, R. C., & Hall, R. C. (2007). A Profile of Pedophilia: Definition,Characteristics of Offenders, Recidivism, Treatment Outcomes, and Forensic Issues. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, pp. 457-471. Levenson, J. S., & Morin, J. W. (2006-2007). Risk Assessment in Child Sexual Abuse Cases. Retrieved January 14, 2011, from Child Welfare-Volume 85, Issue1: http://search.proquest.com/docview/213808265?accountid=34899 Luperchio, K. (2002). Understanding of pedophilia remains incomplete, psychologists say. Retrieved January 14, 2011, from National Catholic Reporter-Volume 38, Issue 19: http://search.proquest.com/docview/215306558?accountid=34899 Muster, N. J. (1992). Treating the adolescent victim-turned-offender. Retrieved January 14, 2011, from Adolescence 27(106), 441: EBSCOhost Pithers, W. D. (1994). Process evaluation of a group therapy component designed to enhance sex offenders' empathy for sexual abuse survivors. Retrieved January 14, 2011, from Behaviour Research and Therapy-Volume 32, Issue 5, pp.565-570: http://search.proquest.com/docview/618514006?accountid=34899 Porter, S., ten Brinke, L., & Wilson, K. (2009). Crime profiles and conditional release performance of psychopathic and non-psychopathic sexual offenders. Legal & Criminological Psychology, Vol. 14 Issue 1, pp. 109-118.