Psr:
La detección temprana de las enfermedades periodontales
puntuación del sistema y entender cómo funciona, recomendar un tratamiento basado en las interpretaciones del código ,
y discutir el sistema PSR con los pacientes.
8. restauraciones estéticas directas e indirectas con resina compuestaHerbert Cosio Dueñas
se realiza una explicación detallada de los tiempos operatorios para la preparación y restauración de cavidades de clase I y II para material estético.
Clasificación de las Enfermedades y Trastornos que Afectan el PeriodoncioKathy M. Villalobos
Periodoncia
-Enfermedades Gingivales
-Enfermedades gingivales inducidas por placa
-Gingivitis relacionada sólo con la placa dental
-Enfermedades gingivales modificadas por factores sistémicos
-Enfermedades gingivales modificadas por medicamentos
-Enfermedades gingivales modificadas por malnutrición
-Lesiones gingivales no inducidas por placa
-Periodontitis
-Periodontitis crónica
-Periodontitis agresiva
-Periodontitis como manifestación de enfermedades sistémicas
-Enfermedades periodontales necrosantes
-Gingivitis ulcerativa necrosante
-Periodontitis ulcerativa necrosante
-Características clínicas de la gingivitis
-Bolsa periodontal
-Relación pérdida ósea con profundidad de bolsa
-Absceso periodontal
-Quiste periodontal
-Diagnóstico clínico
-Sondeo
8. restauraciones estéticas directas e indirectas con resina compuestaHerbert Cosio Dueñas
se realiza una explicación detallada de los tiempos operatorios para la preparación y restauración de cavidades de clase I y II para material estético.
Clasificación de las Enfermedades y Trastornos que Afectan el PeriodoncioKathy M. Villalobos
Periodoncia
-Enfermedades Gingivales
-Enfermedades gingivales inducidas por placa
-Gingivitis relacionada sólo con la placa dental
-Enfermedades gingivales modificadas por factores sistémicos
-Enfermedades gingivales modificadas por medicamentos
-Enfermedades gingivales modificadas por malnutrición
-Lesiones gingivales no inducidas por placa
-Periodontitis
-Periodontitis crónica
-Periodontitis agresiva
-Periodontitis como manifestación de enfermedades sistémicas
-Enfermedades periodontales necrosantes
-Gingivitis ulcerativa necrosante
-Periodontitis ulcerativa necrosante
-Características clínicas de la gingivitis
-Bolsa periodontal
-Relación pérdida ósea con profundidad de bolsa
-Absceso periodontal
-Quiste periodontal
-Diagnóstico clínico
-Sondeo
Introduction to operative dentistry and Patient assessment.pptxridwana30
Introduction and the scope of operative dentistry with advancement of operative field. The examination procedure for assessing a patient for operative treatment and reaching a comprehensive treatment plan.
Comprehensive Assessment of Attitude Towards Denture Hygiene Habits in Compl...Ajay Pacharne
Abstract---Background and Aim: With the advanced innovations in
the rehabilitation techniques, the usages of removable denture have
been reduced significantly. However; complete denture are one of the
most common and trendy avenue for restoring completely edentulous
situations. The ultimate aim of this study was to assess the denture
hygiene attitude in complete denture patients. Materials and Methods:
A total of 100 complete denture wearing patients were selected for this
assessment. The patients were selected in the age range of 45-70
years. The methodologies were explained to the patients prior to the
real execution of the study. All interested complete denture patients
were included in the study. We also performed a small demographic
recording of the patients that includes data on gender, age, length of
prosthesis utilize, cleaning strategies and materials, and so on.
Statistical Analysis and Results: Basic statistical analysis was
completed using SPSS statistical package for the Social Sciences
version 21 for Windows. Only 58% of the patients reported that they
use to clean their dentures every day once. Approximately 68% of the
patients agreed that they do not remember the verbal and written
instructions for denture hygiene at the time of delivery of complete
dentures by the dentists.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Aims: This study evaluated the subjective experience of masticatory performance and masticatory efficiency in partially edentulous patients rehabilitated with three different types of removable partial dentures (RPDs). Materials and methods: This was a crossover randomized study, which was carried out at the prosthodontics clinic of the University of Ghana Dental School clinic. Sixteen patients requiring RPDs but had never worn one before were consecutively recruited for the study. Three different RPDs [i.e., cobalt chromium, acrylic, and thermoplastic resin (iFlex)] were fabricated for each patient. Masticatory efficiency was assessed using a singlesieve method after chewing raw carrots. The subjective experience of masticatory performance was also assessed using a questionnaire after 1 week of using each denture. Results: The cobalt-chromium denture recorded the highest masticatory efficiency (31.4%), and the iFlex denture recorded the lowest (27.9%).
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journey
PSR para detectar el indice de tratamiento periodontal
1. 1
Crest
®
+ Oral-B
®
at dentalcare.com Continuing Education Course, Revised April 9, 2014
Periodontal Screening and Recording:
Early Detection of Periodontal Diseases
Online Course: www.dentalcare.com/en-US/dental-education/continuing-education/ce53/ce53.aspx
Disclaimer: Participants must always be aware of the hazards of using limited knowledge in integrating new techniques or
procedures into their practice. Only sound evidence-based dentistry should be used in patient therapy.
Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) is a rapid method of screening patients to decide if a more
comprehensive assessment is necessary. After taking this course, the participant will understand the
benefits of the PSR system, identify who should be screened for periodontal problems, discuss the PSR
system scoring and understand how it works, recommend treatment based upon the code interpretations,
and discuss the PSR system with patients.
Conflict of Interest Disclosure Statement
• The author reports no conflicts of interest associated with this work.
ADA CERP
The Procter & Gamble Company is an ADA CERP Recognized Provider.
ADA CERP is a service of the American Dental Association to assist dental professionals in identifying
quality providers of continuing dental education. ADA CERP does not approve or endorse individual
courses or instructors, nor does it imply acceptance of credit hours by boards of dentistry.
Concerns or complaints about a CE provider may be directed to the
provider or to ADA CERP at: http://www.ada.org/cerp
Approved PACE Program Provider
The Procter & Gamble Company is designated as an Approved PACE Program Provider
by the Academy of General Dentistry. The formal continuing education programs of this
program provider are accepted by AGD for Fellowship, Mastership, and Membership
Maintenance Credit. Approval does not imply acceptance by a state or provincial board
of dentistry or AGD endorsement. The current term of approval extends from 8/1/2013 to
7/31/2017. Provider ID# 211886
Tanya Villalpando Mitchell, RDH, MS
Continuing Education Units: 1 hour
2. 2
Crest
®
+ Oral-B
®
at dentalcare.com Continuing Education Course, Revised April 9, 2014
Course Contents
• Introduction
• Objectives of Screening
• Interpretation of Codes
• Guidelines for Patient Management
• Advantages and Limitations
• Conclusion
• Course Test
• References
• About the Author
Introduction
Gingivitis and Periodontitis fall into the category
of periodontal diseases. Both are microbial
infections where the microorganisms operate
in conjunction with a person’s lessened ability
to fight off disease.
7
The dental hygienist is
most often the person in the professional dental
setting who screens patients and measures
probing depths. The most commonly used
screening method for the measurement of
depth of the gingival crevice and the clinical
attachment level is periodontal probing.
6
The
clinician, by measuring probing depths, can
make assumptions of the state of health of the
periodontium. Early detection and diagnosis
are significant components in the prevention of
periodontal disease. The American Academy of
Periodontology recommends every dental patient
should receive a comprehensive periodontology
evaluation annually.
11
The Periodontal Screening
and Recording
®
(PSR) system is one example of
a diagnostic aid used to assess the gingival health
of patients. The PSR system has been used to
study the relationship in overweight and obese
patients who smoke as well as a way to estimate
the periodontal health statuses of a representative
military population.
2,8
A study by Khocht et al
found the PSR to be an effective tool in the
screening of periodontal diseases.
4
The PSR
has been used to detect the periodontal status
of individuals with immunoglobulin A deficiency.
12
Overall, there are a limited number of studies
involving use of the PSR.
Background
In 1982, the World Health Organization (WHO)
created the Community Periodontal Index of
Treatment Needs (CPITN). This method of
evaluation estimated the periodontal disease
prevalence and severity based on the probing
depths and condition of the periodontium. In
1992, the American Academy of Periodontology
(AAP) modified the Simplified Periodontal
Overview
A complete periodontal assessment includes a thorough review of the patient’s medical and dental histo-
ries, as well as the recording of gingival findings including probing depths, clinical attachment levels, tooth
mobility and position, occlusal relationships, and bone levels.
6
It is important the dentist or dental hygienist monitor and evaluate a patient’s periodontal status on a regular
basis. Periodontal diseases are the leading cause of tooth loss in adults.
1
The Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention reports 47.2% of adults in the United States have a form of periodontal disease. The rate
increases to 70.1% for those Americans age 65 and older.
9
A 2012 study by Eke et al. found periodontal
disease to be more common in men than in women and in adults who had not completed high school.
10
Every oral examination should include an evaluation of the periodontium. The ultimate goal of the peri-
odontal assessment is to identify and classify periodontal disease.
3
Although the Periodontal Screening
and Recording® (PSR) is not intended to replace a full mouth probing and recording of findings, it is a rapid
method of screening patients to decide if a more comprehensive assessment is necessary.
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this course, the dental professional should be able to:
• Understand the benefits of the PSR system.
• Identify who should be screened for periodontal problems.
• Discuss the PSR system scoring and understand how it works.
• Recommend treatment based upon the code interpretations.
• Discuss the PSR system with patients.
3. 3
Crest
®
+ Oral-B
®
at dentalcare.com Continuing Education Course, Revised April 9, 2014
or metal. The ball at the end of the probe is intended
to enhance patient comfort and assist in detecting
overhanging margins and subgingival calculus.
The probe is inserted into the sulcus or pocket and
walked around the circumference of each tooth.
This method is the same technique used as with a
comprehensive periodontal examination. However,
the PSR system is unique in the way the probe is
read. The clinician need only observe the position
of the color-coded band in relation to the gingival
margin. The presence of furcation involvement,
mobility, mucogingival problems, or recession should
also be noted. After each tooth in the sextant has
been examined, only the highest code obtained is
recorded and only one score is recorded for each
sextant. If a sextant is edentulous, an “X” is placed.
Measurements are recorded in a special box chart.
Interpretation of Codes
Code 0:
The colored area of the probe remains completely
visible in the deepest crevice of the sextant. There
Examination (SPE), used in New Zealand, and
developed the PSR system for use in North
America (journal article). With the corporate
sponsorship of the Procter & Gamble Company,
the AAP and the American Dental Association
(ADA) adopted the PSR system.
3
The PSR system was designed to initiate the
promotion, prevention, and early treatment of
periodontal diseases by:
• Introducing a simplified screening method that
met legal dental recording requirements.
• Encouraging dentists to incorporate the PSR
system into every oral examination.
• Educating members of the public to value
periodontal health and to request a periodontal
screening from dentists (PSR Training
Program, 1992).
Objectives of Screening
The PSR system does not replace the need for a
comprehensive periodontal examination. It acts
as a time saving screening of periodontal health to
indicate when a partial or full-mouth examination is
required. When the clinician becomes familiar with
the PSR system examination process, it should
only take a few minutes to conduct a screening.
Similar to a traditional comprehensive periodontal
examination, the PSR system measures each
tooth individually with implants examined the
same way as natural teeth. However, the mouth
is divided into sextants.
Six measurements for each tooth are obtained,
utilizing a special ball-tipped probe. This probe has
a 0.5 mm ball at the tip and a color-coded area 3.5
to 5.5 mm from the tip. The probe may be plastic
4. 4
Crest
®
+ Oral-B
®
at dentalcare.com Continuing Education Course, Revised April 9, 2014
Periodontal Screening & Recording
Birthdate ____ / ____ /
( month / day / year )
Patient’s Name
(Last) (First) (MI)
Chart #
Sextant Score
Date ____ / ____ / ____
Sextant Score
Date ____ / ____ / ____
Sextant Score
Date ____ / ____ / ____
Sextant Score
Date ____ / ____ / ____
Sextant Score
Date ____ / ____ / ____
Sextant Score
Date ____ / ____/ ____/ /____ /____ ____
Sextant Score
Date ____ / ____ / ____
Sextant Score
Date ____ / ____ / ____
______________________________________
_____________
____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____
brought to you by
5. 5
Crest
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+ Oral-B
®
at dentalcare.com Continuing Education Course, Revised April 9, 2014
is no calculus or defective margins detected. The
gingival tissues are healthy with no bleeding after
gentle probing.
Code 1:
The colored area of the probe remains completely
visible in the deepest probing depth in the sextant.
There is no calculus or defective margins detected.
However, there is bleeding after probing.
Code 2:
The colored area of the probe remains completely
visible in the deepest probing depth in the sextant.
Supragingival or subgingival calculus and/or
defective margins are detected.
Code 3:
The colored area of the probe remains partly
visible in the deepest probing depth in the sextant.
Code 4:
The colored area of the probe completely
disappears indicating a probing depth of greater
than 5.5 mm.
6. 6
Crest
®
+ Oral-B
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at dentalcare.com Continuing Education Course, Revised April 9, 2014
needed. If an abnormality exists in the presence
of Code 3 or 4, a comprehensive periodontal
examination and charting are necessary to
determine an appropriate care plan.
Advantages and Limitations
The advantages of using the PSR system include
early detection, speed, simplicity, cost-effectiveness,
ease of recording, and risk management.
• Early detection: Since all sites are evaluated,
the risk of periodontal disease can be made early
and appropriate treatment can be performed.
• Speed: Once the technique of the PSR
system is learned, it should take only a few
minutes to perform the screening. This saves
time versus a comprehensive examination.
• Simplicity: It is easy to do and understand for
patients.
• Cost-effectiveness: It is not necessary to
purchase expensive equipment since all that is
needed is a ball-tipped probe.
• Ease of recording: Only one number is
recorded for an entire sextant.
• Risk management: The dental team
is monitoring and recording a patient’s
periodontal status for legal requirements.
There are limitations when using the PSR
system. As stated earlier, it is not intended to
replace a full-mouth periodontal examination.
Those patients who have received treatment for
periodontal diseases and/or are in a maintenance
phase of care should receive comprehensive
periodontal examinations. There is also
limited use of the PSR system in children. It is
necessary to differentiate pseudo-pockets from
true periodontal pockets with these younger
patients. Landry and Jean reported that since
the PSR does not measure epithelial attachment,
the severity of periodontal disease may be
underestimated with its use.
5
Conclusion
The PSR system is a valuable tool in the early
detection of periodontal disease. This system
can indicate when a more comprehensive
periodontal examination should be performed.
The unique way the probe is read and the limited
amount of recordings needed when performing
an examination is easy to incorporate into every
patient’s appointment.
The Symbol “*”:
The symbol ”*” should be added to a sextant
score whenever the following is found: furcation
involvement, mobility, mucogingival problems, or
recession extending to the colored area of the
probe (indicating 3.5mm or greater).
Guidelines for Patient Management
Code 0:
Appropriate preventive care should be given as
well as a review of daily plaque control habits.
Code 1:
Individualized oral hygiene instructions should be
reinforced with the patient. Appropriate therapy,
including subgingival plaque removal should be
performed.
Code 2:
Individualized oral hygiene instruction and
appropriate therapy, including subgingival plaque
removal, as well as the removal of calculus and
the correction of plaque-retentive margins and
restorations should be performed.
Code 3:
A comprehensive periodontal examination and
charting of the affected sextant are necessary
to determine an appropriate care plan. This
examination and documentation should include the
following: identification of probing depths, mobility,
gingival recession, mucogingival problems,
furcation involvement, and radiographs. If two or
more sextants score a Code 3, a comprehensive
full mouth examination and charting are indicated.
Code 4:
A comprehensive full mouth periodontal
examination and charting are necessary to
determine an appropriate care plan. This
examination and documentation should include the
following: identification of probing depths, mobility,
gingival recession, mucogingival problems,
furcation involvement, and radiographs. It can be
assumed that complex treatment will be required.
Symbol (*):
If an abnormality exists in the presence of Codes
0, 1, or 2, the clinician should make a specific
notation and/or treatment for that condition as
7. 7
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Course Test Preview
To receive Continuing Education credit for this course, you must complete the online test. Please go to:
www.dentalcare.com/en-us/dental-education/continuing-education/ce53/ce53-test.aspx
1. What makes the PSR system unique?
a. The way the probe is read.
b. The way the probe is inserted into the sulcus.
c. Its adoption by the ADA and AAP.
d. Its intended use on patients.
2. The PSR system is intended to replace a comprehensive periodontal examination.
a. True
b. False
3. Which of the following describes a PSR Code 2?
a. Colored area of the probe remains partly visible; no calculus or defective margins detected;
gingival tissues healthy.
b. Colored area of the probe remains visible in deepest probing depth; no calculus or defective
margins detected; there is bleeding on probing.
c. Colored area of the probe completely disappears; probing depth > 5.5mm.
d. Colored area of the probe is completely visible in deepest probing depth in sextant; supra- or
subgingival calculus detected or defective margins present.
4. Which of the following is NOT true of the PSR system?
a. Speed
b. Simplicity
c. Too costly to implement
d. Easy to record
5. For each sextant, only the highest PSR score is recorded.
a. True
b. False
6. The patient management of a PSR Code 1 is:
a. Individualized oral hygiene instruction and removal of subgingival plaque; as well as removal of
calculus and correction of plaque-retentive margins and restorations.
b. Individualized oral hygiene instructions should be reinforced; subgingival plaque removal.
c. Comprehensive full mouth periodontal examination and charting.
7. What symbol is used to indicate a sextant that is edentulous?
a. X
b. *
c. 0
d. #
8. Similar to a comprehensive periodontal examination, the PSR system divides the mouth
into quadrants.
a. True
b. False
8. 8
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9. The probe used with the PSR system has a 0.5 mm ball tip. Which of the following is NOT a
purpose for this tip?
a. Gives a more accurate reading.
b. Enhances patient comfort.
c. Detects subgingival calculus.
d. Detects overhanging margins.
10. Implants are examined in the same way as natural teeth when utilizing the PSR system.
a. True
b. False
9. 9
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References
1. American Dental Association and The American Academy of Periodontology. June 1992.
2. Covington LL, Breault LG, Hokett SD. The application of Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) in a
military population. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2003 Aug 15;4(3):36-51.
3. Hodges K. Concepts in nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Albany, New York: Delmar. 1998.
4. Khocht A, Zohn H, Deasy M, Chang KM. Screening for periodontal disease: radiographs vs. PSR. J Am
Dent Assoc. 1996 Jun;127(6):749-56.
5. Landry RG, Jean M. Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) Index: precursors, utility and limitations
in a clinical setting. Int Dent J. 2002 Feb;52(1):35-40.
6. Weinberg MA, Westphal C, Palat Milton, Froum SJ. (2001). Comprehensive periodontics for the dental
hygienist. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
7. Weinberg MA, Westphal C, Froum SJ, Palat M, Schoor RS. (2010) Comprehensive periodontics for the
dental hygienist. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson.
8. Wood N, Johnson RB. The relationship between smoking history, periodontal screening and recording
(PSR) codes and overweight/obesity in a Mississippi dental school population. Oral Health Prev Dent.
2008;6(1):67-74.
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Disparities in Oral Health. Accessed March 26, 2014.
10. Eke PI, Dye BA, Wei L, Thornton-Evans GO, et al. Prevalence of periodontitis in adults in the United
States: 2009 and 2010. J Dent Res. 2012 Oct;91(10):914-920.
11. American Academy of Periodontology. Comprehensive periodontal therapy: a statement by the American
Academy of Periodontology. J Periodontol. 2011 Jul;82(7):943-949.
12. Jorgensen GH, Arnlaugsson S, Theodors A, Ludviksson BR. Immunoglobulin A deficiency and oral health
status: a case-control study. J Clin Periodontol. 2010 Jan;37(1):1-8.
About the Author
Tanya Villalpando Mitchell, RDH, MS
Ms. Mitchell is Associate Professor and Director, Graduate Studies at the University
of Missouri Kansas City School of Dentistry, Division of Dental Hygiene. She is a
member of the American Dental Hygienists Association and the American Dental
Education Association.
Email: villalpandot@umkc.edu