This document provides an overview of Bitcoin and discusses whether it can be considered a currency. It notes that Bitcoin has received a lot of negative press over security issues and volatility. However, it argues that Bitcoin's value is based on the underlying cryptography and distributed ledger system rather than people's credulity, so it is not a Ponzi scheme. The document discusses Bitcoin's characteristics as a potential store of value, means of exchange, and unit of account. It also outlines some technical details and both weaknesses and strengths of the Bitcoin system. Finally, it argues that blockchain technology may represent a paradigm shift and that central banks should study cryptocurrencies and consider related regulations.
Slides from a talk given to a Students for Liberty group at the University of Pittsburgh in February 2017. This talk covers what Bitcoin is, how it works, why people use it, how to use it, and how Bitcoin's innovation is impacting everything from payments to software to government.
Bitcoin, often described as a cryptocurrency, a virtual currency or a digital currency - is a type of money that is completely virtual. It's like an online version of cash. You can use it to buy products and services, but not many shops accept Bitcoin yet and some countries have banned it altogether.
A really simple explanation of Bitcoin and why everyone afraid of it.
My other FinTech presentations:
Bitcoin: http://www.slideshare.net/ishmelev/bitcoin-future
Digital bank: http://www.slideshare.net/ishmelev/digital-bank-eng
Future of bank: http://www.slideshare.net/ishmelev/bank-future
The future of cryptocurrency—some challenges
As we gaze into our crypto ball, let’s see what the future of cryptocurrency has in store for traders. With many experts estimating that the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has hastened the decline of cash by almost five years, few are asking whether digital currencies will actually succeed (they have already). Instead, it’s a matter of when they’ll go mainstream. Nevertheless, there are some challenges ahead.
Perceptions
A significant generational divide exists when it comes to adoption rates of cryptocurrencies. Older generations are typically more sceptical of crypto’s long-term viability, expressing fears about volatile financial bubbles as well as uncertainty over how cryptocurrencies actually work.
Slides from a talk given to a Students for Liberty group at the University of Pittsburgh in February 2017. This talk covers what Bitcoin is, how it works, why people use it, how to use it, and how Bitcoin's innovation is impacting everything from payments to software to government.
Bitcoin, often described as a cryptocurrency, a virtual currency or a digital currency - is a type of money that is completely virtual. It's like an online version of cash. You can use it to buy products and services, but not many shops accept Bitcoin yet and some countries have banned it altogether.
A really simple explanation of Bitcoin and why everyone afraid of it.
My other FinTech presentations:
Bitcoin: http://www.slideshare.net/ishmelev/bitcoin-future
Digital bank: http://www.slideshare.net/ishmelev/digital-bank-eng
Future of bank: http://www.slideshare.net/ishmelev/bank-future
The future of cryptocurrency—some challenges
As we gaze into our crypto ball, let’s see what the future of cryptocurrency has in store for traders. With many experts estimating that the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has hastened the decline of cash by almost five years, few are asking whether digital currencies will actually succeed (they have already). Instead, it’s a matter of when they’ll go mainstream. Nevertheless, there are some challenges ahead.
Perceptions
A significant generational divide exists when it comes to adoption rates of cryptocurrencies. Older generations are typically more sceptical of crypto’s long-term viability, expressing fears about volatile financial bubbles as well as uncertainty over how cryptocurrencies actually work.
A broad overview of concepts regarding cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology. This presentation covers everything from timelines, to Bitcoin and other notable cryptocurrencies, mining, forks, use cases, and much more.
An Introduction to Bitcoin-The Digital Form of currencyBirju Besra
This PPT give an introduction to cryptocurrency Bitcoin. It is a digital form of currency. It is a decentralized currency , that is no central govt. or authority controls it. It is a direct peer to peer money transaction.
Short presentation about bitcoin in particular and crypto currencies in general.
Its mainly a description of whats money and what is bitcoin
why bitcoin will dominate
Cryptocurrency is the future of money or the next generation of money. Cryptocurrencies investments have seen a gradual rise over the years which depicts the general acceptance. Currently, as per the latest crypto news, we are seeing a big change in cryptocurrencies due to the emergence of institutional and smart money.
https://www.cryptoknowmics.com/
Bitcoin's market cap could hit $1 trillion in 2021 as its growing reserve currency status drives adoption higher, a cryptocurrency expert says.
In this PANGEA report were provide an insightful perspective on cryptocurrencies, blockchain and the possibility of an emerging new asset class.
BitCoin and the Global Economy by Cristina Dolan Presented at MIT Center for ...Cristina Dolan
Cristina Dolan, MIT Media Lab Alumna and Internet Pioneer presented at the MIT Center for International Studies Starr Forum on April 7, 2016 along with Michael Casey, bestselling author and Senior Advisor, BlockChain opportunities at the MIT Media Lab.
presention about crypto currencies and bitcoins. A cryptocurrency (or crypto currency) is a digital asset designed to work as a medium of exchange that uses cryptography to secure its transactions, to control the creation of additional units, and to verify the transfer of assets.
Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Blockchain - Digital Literacy @ Columbia University Bu...Chris Castiglione
Bitcoin is two things: a digital currency AND a new technology.
In this course I'll give you the tools to think intelligently about the technology of Bitcoin, and the skills to buy, trade, and store your digital currencies.
Online course:
https://onemonth.com/courses/bitcoin
Bitcoin vs. Ethereum
https://learn.onemonth.com/bitcoin-vs-ethereum/
Join Coinbase
https://www.coinbase.com/join/5341c04e2e00c46d2100006c
More info: https://blockchainhub.net/
Blockchain for Beginners: Blockchain history, state of development, outlook & current challenges #bitcoin #ethereum #smartcontracts
This slide deck is as part of a online webinar that happened on Mar 18 2017.The meetup was organized to talk more about Cryptocurrency and current Regulatory Environment surrounding it. There was be a presentation followed by Q&A.
For more details please reach out to me on https://twitter.com/twitmyreview or via mail bobquest33@gmail.com
A broad overview of concepts regarding cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology. This presentation covers everything from timelines, to Bitcoin and other notable cryptocurrencies, mining, forks, use cases, and much more.
An Introduction to Bitcoin-The Digital Form of currencyBirju Besra
This PPT give an introduction to cryptocurrency Bitcoin. It is a digital form of currency. It is a decentralized currency , that is no central govt. or authority controls it. It is a direct peer to peer money transaction.
Short presentation about bitcoin in particular and crypto currencies in general.
Its mainly a description of whats money and what is bitcoin
why bitcoin will dominate
Cryptocurrency is the future of money or the next generation of money. Cryptocurrencies investments have seen a gradual rise over the years which depicts the general acceptance. Currently, as per the latest crypto news, we are seeing a big change in cryptocurrencies due to the emergence of institutional and smart money.
https://www.cryptoknowmics.com/
Bitcoin's market cap could hit $1 trillion in 2021 as its growing reserve currency status drives adoption higher, a cryptocurrency expert says.
In this PANGEA report were provide an insightful perspective on cryptocurrencies, blockchain and the possibility of an emerging new asset class.
BitCoin and the Global Economy by Cristina Dolan Presented at MIT Center for ...Cristina Dolan
Cristina Dolan, MIT Media Lab Alumna and Internet Pioneer presented at the MIT Center for International Studies Starr Forum on April 7, 2016 along with Michael Casey, bestselling author and Senior Advisor, BlockChain opportunities at the MIT Media Lab.
presention about crypto currencies and bitcoins. A cryptocurrency (or crypto currency) is a digital asset designed to work as a medium of exchange that uses cryptography to secure its transactions, to control the creation of additional units, and to verify the transfer of assets.
Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Blockchain - Digital Literacy @ Columbia University Bu...Chris Castiglione
Bitcoin is two things: a digital currency AND a new technology.
In this course I'll give you the tools to think intelligently about the technology of Bitcoin, and the skills to buy, trade, and store your digital currencies.
Online course:
https://onemonth.com/courses/bitcoin
Bitcoin vs. Ethereum
https://learn.onemonth.com/bitcoin-vs-ethereum/
Join Coinbase
https://www.coinbase.com/join/5341c04e2e00c46d2100006c
More info: https://blockchainhub.net/
Blockchain for Beginners: Blockchain history, state of development, outlook & current challenges #bitcoin #ethereum #smartcontracts
This slide deck is as part of a online webinar that happened on Mar 18 2017.The meetup was organized to talk more about Cryptocurrency and current Regulatory Environment surrounding it. There was be a presentation followed by Q&A.
For more details please reach out to me on https://twitter.com/twitmyreview or via mail bobquest33@gmail.com
Virtual or digital currencies, with Bitcoin chief amongst them, have been gaining momentum and investment over the last couple of years. Offering an almost costless means of making payments around the globe, virtual currencies have the potential to bring significant disruption to the banking industry. This potential is not lost on either Bitcoin startups or banks themselves. But how does Bitcoin actually work? A peer-to-peer network maintains the “blockchain”, an innovative cryptographic protocol which securely mediates payments between parties without mutual trust. This session will step through the structure of the blockchain, showing how it solves the “double spend” problem and allows decentralised processing of financial transactions. Whether Bitcoin will become the currency of the internet or it’s a bubble that is doomed to burst sooner or later, the blockchain itself will change the face of transactional banking and perhaps other industries along the way.
Presentation to the Sydney Financial Mathematics Workshop (11 March 2015)
http://www.qgroup.org.au/content/bitcoin-banking-and-blockchain
Bitcoin and Blockchain Technology Explained: Not just Cryptocurrencies, Econo...Melanie Swan
The blockchain concept may be one of the most transformative ideas to impact the world since the Internet. It represents a new organizing paradigm for all activity and integrates humans and technology. Cryptocurrencies like bitcoin are merely one application of the blockchain concept. The blockchain is a public transaction ledger built in a network structure based on cryptographic principles so there does not need to be a centralized intermediary. Any kind of asset (art, car, home, financial contract) may be encoded into the blockchain and transacted, validated, or preserved in a much more efficient manner than at present including ideas, health data, financial assets, automobiles, and government documents. Blockchain technology applies well beyond cryptocurrencies, economics, and markets to all venues of human information processing, collaboration, and interaction including art, health, and literacy.
Blockchain: The Information Technology of the FutureMelanie Swan
The blockchain concept may be one of the most transformative ideas to impact the world since the Internet. Cryptocurrencies like bitcoin are merely one application of the blockchain concept. The blockchain is a public transaction ledger built in a decentralized network structure based on cryptographic principles so that any kind of trading, buying and selling of assets does not need to go through a centralized intermediary. Any kind of asset may be encoded into the blockchain and transacted, validated, or preserved in a much more efficient manner than at present including ideas, health data, financial assets, automobiles, and government documents. Venture Capitalists are calling the blockchain the next big investment wave.
The blockchain ecosystem is evolving rapidly. Wing Venture Capital has put together a Blockchain 101 Presentation to serve as a primer for the emerging cryptoasset economy.
The blockchain ecosystem is evolving rapidly. Wing Venture Capital has put together a Blockchain 101 Presentation to serve as a primer for the emerging cryptoasset economy.
Bitcoin price today BTC to USD market cap.pdfFranck La Rocca
As of 4:11 p.m., the price of Bitcoin is $16,171.30, changing -2.19% from the previous day. The market capitalization of the tokens was $310,785,787,847.95 after the recent fluctuations in the price of bitcoin. Bitcoin has had a shift of -65.00% so far this year. According to the CoinDesks Digital Asset Classification Standard, Bitcoin is categorized as a currency (DACS).
This e-book is a comprehensive guide to crypto-quantum, the revolutionary technology that enables secure communication, data storage, and authentication. It provides an in-depth look at the cryptographic algorithms that make crypto-quantum secure, and how they can be used in a variety of applications. It also covers the basics of quantum computing and its implications for the future of cryptography. With the help of this e-book, you can gain the knowledge and skills to apply this emerging technology to your own projects.
Naos Blockchain presents this report with the following objectives:
1. Describe the evolution of the crypto market and give a
comprehensive summary of the current market situation.
2. Provide detailed information regarding major factors
influencing the market. Drivers, restraints, opportunities,
and challenges.
3. Present the outlook as perceived by the NAOS Team.
This report was created at the beginning of 2019, therefore all data up to February 2019 is historical data, with the base
year for calculations being 2018.
www.coinxtrading.com , wwww.coinxtrading.biz,
COINX TRADING LTD
Coinx Trading - Marketing - Business Plan - Binary Compensation Plan ,Affiliate Marketing Plan
Coinx Trading - Marketing - Business Plan
Email: support@coinxtrading.com
CoinX Trading Business Concept EnglishRomeo Abuhan
How do you like to get paid everyday? How do you like to earn money by trading and investment? Earning is that easy. Earn everyday, over and over again with CoinX Trading.
Coinx Trading offering Bitcoin Trading opportunity with fixed daily returns.
Earn daily 0.4% to 1.5% per day.
With affiliated incomes,
Direct referral 10%, and
Binary income 10%, unlimited levels.
TRADE AND INVEST with doing nothing. No hard selling, no hassle.
Register free here:
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www.coinxtrading.com , wwww.coinxtrading.biz,
COINX TRADING LTD
Coinx Trading - Marketing - Business Plan - Binary Compensation Plan ,Affiliate Marketing Plan
Coinx Trading - Marketing - Business Plan
Email: support@coinxtrading.com
CoinX Trading Business Concept EnglishRomeo Abuhan
How do you like to get paid everyday? How do you like to earn money by trading and investment? Earning is that easy. Earn everyday, over and over again with CoinX Trading.
Coinx Trading offering Bitcoin Trading opportunity with fixed daily returns.
Earn daily 0.4% to 1.5% per day.
With affiliated incomes,
Direct referral 10%, and
Binary income 10%, unlimited levels.
TRADE AND INVEST with doing nothing. No hard selling, no hassle.
Register free here:
http://ow.ly/NwGa30ewwbx
How do you like to get paid everyday? How do you like to earn money by trading and investment? Earning is that easy. Earn everyday, over and over again with CoinX Trading.
Coinx Trading offering Bitcoin Trading opportunity with fixed daily returns.
Earn daily 0.4% to 1.5% per day.
With affiliated incomes,
Direct referral 10%, and
Binary income 10%, unlimited levels.
TRADE AND INVEST with doing nothing. No hard selling, no hassle.
Register free here:
http://ow.ly/NwGa30ewwbx
www.coinxtrading.com , wwww.coinxtrading.biz,
COINX TRADING LTD
Coinx Trading - Marketing - Business Plan - Binary Compensation Plan ,Affiliate Marketing Plan
Coinx Trading - Marketing - Business Plan
Email: support@coinxtrading.com
How do you like to get paid everyday? How do you like to earn money by trading and investment? Earning is that easy. Earn everyday, over and over again with CoinX Trading.
Coinx Trading offering Bitcoin Trading opportunity with fixed daily returns.
Earn daily 0.4% to 1.5% per day.
With affiliated incomes,
Direct referral 10%, and
Binary income 10%, unlimited levels.
TRADE AND INVEST with doing nothing. No hard selling, no hassle.
Register free here:
http://ow.ly/NwGa30ewwbx
How do you like to get paid everyday? How do you like to earn money by trading and investment? Earning is that easy. Earn everyday, over and over again with CoinX Trading.
Coinx Trading offering Bitcoin Trading opportunity with fixed daily returns.
Earn daily 0.4% to 1.5% per day.
With affiliated incomes,
Direct referral 10%, and
Binary income 10%, unlimited levels.
TRADE AND INVEST with doing nothing. No hard selling, no hassle.
Register free here:
http://ow.ly/NwGa30ewwbx
BITCOIN: LEFT FOR DEAD HUNDREDS OF TIMES – STILL ALIVE AND KICKINGSteven Rhyner
Bitcoin has been left for dead… hundreds of times in the last 5 years. But it’s still here between us, in better health than ever and there’s no sign it’s going to leave us anytime soon. The question is: why so many experts keep failing at declaring it dead ahead of time?
Bitcoin 101: The Currency, The Network, The CommunityEarthsite
Bitcoin and the underlying technology of cryptocurrency is poised to revolutionize the world of banking and financial equity. Can Bitcoin make it through the volatile startup years and be adopted as a global currency? With an estimated 50,000 businesses now accepting Bitcoin and more than $100 million in venture capital investments, 2014 could be the tipping point for this new form of value exchange.
In this introductory presentation, you'll learn what Bitcoin is, why the technology is revolutionary and how you can get involved in the community. Find out how businesses can save 2-3% on credit card fees and have instant access to a global market. Discover how digital currencies are supporting thriving local economies. Don't miss this opportunity to educate yourself on the fundamentals of Bitcoin and see how you and your business will benefit.
3. Warren Buffet, Berkshire Hathaway
"Of our $49 billion, we haven't
moved any to bitcoin.“
Charlie Munger, Berkshire Hathaway
"I think it's rat poison."
A PROFUSION OF NEGATIVE QUOTES
Jamie Dimon, JP Morgan Chase
“Virtual currency […] that’s
going to be stopped. No
government will ever support a
virtual currency that goes
around borders and doesn’t
have the same controls. It’s not
going to happen.”
4. DEC 15, 2010 “Why Bitcoin can’t be a currency” – The Underground Economist | $0.23
JUN 20, 2011 “So, That’s the End of Bitcoin Then” – Forbes | $15.15
DEC 24, 2012 “Wired, Tired, Expired for 2012: EXPIRED – Bitcoin” – Wired | $13.30
AUG 8, 2013 “The SEC Shows Why Bitcoin Is Doomed” – Bloomberg View | $93.57
SEP 19, 2014 “Cult Markets: When the Bubble Bursts” – Financial Times | $397.78
JUN 8, 2015 “Bitcoin Isn’t the Future of Money — it’s a Ponzi Scheme” – Washington Post | $236.73
JUN 7, 2016 “Bitcoin’s Rallying Again—But Isn’t Getting Much Attention Anymore” – WSJ | $577.14
BITCOIN HAS DIED…110 TIMES
5. WHY SUCH A NEGATIVE REPUTATION ?
D
I
S
R
U
P
T
I
O
N
6. 31 October 2008.
“Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System”.
Satoshi Nakamoto.
BORN ON THE ASHES OF THE 2007/8 CRISIS
7. WHAT IS BITCOIN ?
A peer-to-peer network maintaining a distributed
ledger of digital tokens known as bitcoins
The integrity of this ledger is backed and secured by
a subnetwork of computers – miners – who
assemble, verify and archive its transactions for a
reward
The total bitcoins in existence will be 21 million and
each bitcoin can be divided up to 8 decimals
Bitcoin ownership is changed when owner uses his
cryptographic private key to transfer control to a
new owner, and the transaction is “mined”
8. IS BITCOIN MONEY ?
Is it a Reserve of Value ? A Means of Exchange ? A Unit of Account ?
Does it have the characteristics of Money ?
9. IS BITCOIN A STORE OF VALUE ?
Bitcoin has value as it has a market price
Bitcoin price has historically been on an upward
trend, with event-driven behavior including Cyprus
default in 2013, Chinese authorities mixed signals in
2014, halving of reward, etc.
Bitcoin has had a significantly higher volatility
compared to mainstream currencies or commodities
Nonetheless, BTC’s 30-day stdev of daily returns has
been steadily retreating since its creation, reaching
current levels of 2.5%
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13 Jan-14 Jan-15 Jan-16
BTC Price in USD
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13 Jan-14 Jan-15 Jan-16
BTC Volatility
10. IS BITCOIN A MEANS OF EXCHANGE ?
Anecdotal number of 100,000 retailers
accepting bitcoin
About 500 ATMs all over the world
allowing to buy & sell bitcoin
An estimated 100 Million companies
exist globally
More than 3 Million ATMs worldwide
V
S
11. IS BITCOIN A UNIT OF ACCOUNT ?
A long way to go before BTC becomes a unit of
account
This would require widespread use, tamed volatility,
and also regulatory acceptance and/or financial
markets requirement
Fun fact: Germany officially considers bitcoin, in
certain situations, as a unit of account. But that
seems to be related to the ability to tax transactions
and companies holding bitcoins.
14. IS BITCOIN A PONZI SCHEME ?
A Ponzi or Pyramid Scheme would require people’s
gullibility up until the time when the scheme falls
The central common denominator of schemes like
these is ultimately the absence of a basis for value
apart from people’s credulity
Seigneurage right is the same, but dubbed with
official validity by a third-party authority
Bitcoin’s link between belief in the system and basis
of value is mathematical and perfectly correlated
ASSETS LIABILITIES
Real Palpable Stuff 16 Equity 17
Foreign Currencies &
Tradable Listed Stuff
75
Foreign Currencies Owed to
System Players
71
Currency in Circulation 87 People Trust 87
Money held by System
Players
810 People Trust Overuse 813
988 988
ASSETS LIABILITIES
De-facto, Unappointed,
Core Developers
15
Distributed IT + Electricity
Cumulative Use
Cryptography Algorithms
Intractability
Currency to be Issued 6 People Trust
21
Currency in Circulation
as of March 2016
15. TECHNICAL: SOME INDICATIVE STATISTICS
605
BTC Price in USD
15,887,588
BTC in circulation
1
Bitcoin Network
Power Consumption, in GW
9,600,000,000
Market Value of BTC in circulation, in USD
88
Blockchain size, in GB
0.8%
Cost per Transaction
7
Value of bitcoin Hardware, in G USD
5,200
Reachable Nodes
16. TECHNICAL: BITCOIN MIXES KNOWN TECHS
Peer-to-Peer Network (Distribution/Decentralization)
Hashing (Ledger Content Merkle Tree & Proof of
Work)
Public / Private Key Cryptography (Privacy)
Proof of Work / of Stake / of Importance / etc.
(Byzantine Generals – Consensus Mechanism)
Merkle Tree of full historical ledger of transactions in
each block (Ledger Efficient Registration / Double
Spend Solution)
17. TECHNICAL: BITCOIN = EMERGENT PROPERTIES
Ledger of Transactions of a Token between different
addressees
Digital scarcity thanks to non-duplication of
information
Transactions are immutably registered and saved by all
participating nodes
Competition among nodes to write history and obtain
consensus around this history
“Proof of Work” is a cost paid by nodes to prove their good
faith. It is “skin in the game”. It is the sponsor equity or
downpayment requested by banks…
Transactions are registered in blocks which are intertwined
thanks to a Merkle Tree.
18. BITCOIN WEAKNESSES
Bad Reputation (killer in case of currencies !)
Very Complex to Use
Consensus Among Participants for any Modification
Transaction Costs
Limited Capacity
Shifting from Quasi-Distributed to De-
Centralized
20. BLOCKCHAIN HAS BECOME MAINSTREAM
Bank of England: CBDC may increase GDP by 3% and
stabilize it.
U.S. Federal Judge Alison Nathan in Manhattan: On
Sep 19, 2016 declared Bitcoin is money. The judgment
follows the recent Florida ruling in which the Judge
decided the opposite.
R3 is a joint effort by more than 50 global banks to
create their Blockchain and the intelligent contracts
that may run atop.
21. Nassim Nicholas Taleb, Philosopher
"Bitcoin is the beginning of something great:
a currency without a government,
something necessary and imperative.(…) For
bitcoin to make it, it needs to be banned by
a few governments and critiqued by policy
makers. Otherwise it will fade."
A PROFUSION OF POSITIVE VIEWS
Andreas Antonopoulos, Internet & Bitcoin Expert
“Banks warn of dangers of bitcoin because people already
know of the dangers of banks and are looking for choices.
Bitcoin is not “unregulated”. It is regulated by algorithm
instead of being regulated by government bureaucracies.”
Chamath Palihapitiya, VC
"Bitcoin is a Red Pill”.
22. BLOCKCHAIN MAY BE A PARADIGM SHIFT
“The notion of shared public ledgers may not sound revolutionary or sexy.
Neither did double-entry book-keeping or joint-stock companies.”
The Economist, Oct 31st, 2015
“Blockchain technology continues to redefine not only how the exchange sector
operates, but the global financial economy as a whole”
Bob Greifeld, CEO of NASDAQ
24. HOW CAN BDL EMULATE PEERS’ PRACTICES ?
Conduct Research, Studies, Seminars on
Bitcoin/Blockchain/Cryptocurrencies from technical,
financial and regulatory angles - ESA, A Antonopoulos…
Synthetize the Research and spearhead a debate with
MPs, Banks and Interested Public to Study Legislation
Issue or sponsor new regulation regarding
Bitcoin/Blockchain/cryptocurrencies.
Experiment with Lebanon/BDL-sponsored/Arab/open
Blockchain/cryptocurrency