This presentation provides information on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). It discusses what a proton pump is, how PPIs work to inhibit proton pumps, clinically used PPIs like omeprazole and pantoprazole, their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, medical and therapeutic uses, and comparisons between different PPIs. References are also provided at the end.
Drugs Acting on Gastro-Intestinal System
Pharmacotherapy PUD and GERD
Antiemetic Drugs
Agents for constipation
Antidiarrheal agents
Pharmacotherapy OF IBD
Drugs Acting on Gastro-Intestinal System
Pharmacotherapy PUD and GERD
Antiemetic Drugs
Agents for constipation
Antidiarrheal agents
Pharmacotherapy OF IBD
A brief description on proton pump inhibitor.In simple words, Proton-pump inhibitors are a group of medications whose main action is a pronounced and long-lasting reduction of stomach acid.
An informative but short explanation of one of the important PPI pantoprazole. I hope it will help you to make enough sense about pantoprazole. Be connected with me. Thank you .
A brief description on proton pump inhibitor.In simple words, Proton-pump inhibitors are a group of medications whose main action is a pronounced and long-lasting reduction of stomach acid.
An informative but short explanation of one of the important PPI pantoprazole. I hope it will help you to make enough sense about pantoprazole. Be connected with me. Thank you .
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
4. Amjfn Pharmaceuticals Limited
Contents
Proton Pump
Proton Pump Inhibitor
Clinically Used PPIs
Mechanism Of Action Of PPI
Pharmacokinetics Of PPI
Adverse Effects Of PPI
Medical Uses Of PPI
Therapeutic Uses Of PPI
Comparison
Reference
Proton Pump Inhibitor
5. What is a proton pump?
an integral membrane protein in the
parietal cells of the stomach.
“pumps" proton into the stomach.
By using ATP, an acidic hydrogen ion
replaces a non-acidic potassium ion.
6. Proton Pump Inhibitor
Proton-Pump Inhibitor
They are prodrugs that activate in acid
environment.
After absorption, the active metabolite diffuses
into the parietal cells and accumulates in the acidic
secretory canaliculi.
Proton Pump Inhibitor
10. Proton Pump Inhibitor
Blocking the H+/K ATPase
The consumption of food stimulates acid
secretion and acid secretion activates PPIs.
Then activated PPI is converted to a
sulfenamide in the acidic secretory canaliculi of
the parietal cell.
The sulfenamide interacts covalently with
sulfhydryl groups in the proton pump and make
complex, thereby irreversibly inhibiting its
activity.
13. Code of Ethics : DRA VS RPS
Pharmacokinetics
The rate of PPIs absorption is decreased by concomitant food
intake.
The elimination half-life of PPIs ranges from 0.5 to 2.0 hr, but
the effect of a single dose on acid secretion usually persists up
to three days.
Since an acidic pH in the parietal cell acid canaliculi is required
for drug activation, and since food stimulates acid production,
these drugs ideally should be given about 30 minutes before
meals.
Chronic renal failure does not lead to drug accumulation with
once-a-day dosing of the proton pump inhibitors. Hepatic
disease substantially reduces the clearance of esomeprazole
and lansoprazole.
14. Proton Pump Inhibitor
Adverse effects
Short-term
The common adverse effects
include: nausea, diarrhea,
abdominal pain, fatigue, and
dizziness.
Because the body uses gastric
acid to release vitamin B12 from
food particles, decreased vitamin
B12 absorption may occur with
long-term use of PPIs, and may
lead to vitamin B12 deficiency.
15. Proton Pump Inhibitor
Adverse effects
In the specific
but common case
of the use of PPIs
as long-term
treatment for
managing GERD.
PPIs may cause
dependency by
increasing gastric
symptoms if they
are discontinued.
However, 12-
week PPI therapy
had no impact on
calcium, vitamin
D, or bone
metabolism in
healthy young
males.
Long-term PPI
therapy also
interferes with
zinc absorption
and zinc body
stores.
Long-term
16. Proton Pump Inhibitor
Medical Uses
Dyspepsia
Peptic ulcer disease
Gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Laryngopharyngeal reflux
Stress gastritis prevention
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (often 2-3x the
regular dose is required as compared to the
other indications)
17. Proton Pump Inhibitor
Therapeutic Uses
Proton pump inhibitors are used principally to promote
healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers and to treat
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Lansoprazole is FDA approved for treatment and prevention of
recurrence of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)-
associated gastric ulcers in patients who continue NSAID use.
In children, Omeprazole is safe and effective for treatment of
erosive esophagitis and. Younger patients generally have
increased metabolic capacity, which may explain the need for
higher dosages of Omeprazole per kilogram in children compared
to adults.
20. Reference
The Health Strategies Consultancy LLC (March 2005). "Follow The Pill:
Understanding the U.S. Commercial Pharmaceutical Supply Chain". The Kaiser
Family Foundation.
Sachs, G.; Shin, J. M.; Howden, C.W. (2006). "Review article: The clinical
pharmacology of proton pump inhibitors". Alimentary Pharmacology and
Therapeutics 23: 2–8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02943.x. PMID 16700898.
Zajac, P; Holbrook, A; Super, ME; Vogt, M (March–April 2013). "An overview:
Current clinical guidelines for the evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and
management of dyspepsia". Osteopathic Family Physician 5 (2): 79–85.
doi:10.1016/j.osfp.2012.10.005.
"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question". American
Gastroenterological Association.
Proton Pump Inhibitor
