The document summarizes a round table discussion on promoting intra-African trade. Participants discussed challenges to intra-African trade like infrastructure issues, non-uniform standards, and lack of trade data. They also suggested ways to address these challenges such as improving trade information systems, empowering small businesses, and promoting a more unified regulatory environment in Africa.
Africa Trade and Export Conference 2012Ola Odejayi
The document discusses the 3rd Annual Africa Trade & Conference taking place from May 22-23, 2012 in Johannesburg, South Africa. The conference will focus on overcoming impediments to trade in emerging markets and maximizing opportunities provided by the establishment of a continental free trade area in Africa by 2017. It will provide expert insights on opportunities and challenges of regional integration, doing business in African markets, and maximizing benefits from China's investment in Africa. The goal is to help businesses develop effective strategies for entering African markets and taking advantage of developments like the BRICS alliance.
Bec doms ppt on international business mgmtBabasab Patil
The document provides an overview of international business, including its history and impact, definitions, growth of global linkages, and opportunities and challenges. It discusses how international business has increased the flow of ideas, services, and capital globally. It also summarizes key topics covered in the book such as the structure of international trade, effects of globalization, and the United States' role in international business.
Global market place, discuss barriers in marketing,
1. Looking at the Global Marketing Environment
2. Deciding Whether to Go Global:-
3. Deciding Which Markets to Enter
4. Deciding How to Enter the Market
5. Deciding on the Global Marketing Organization
In this presentation we will discuss all the methods by which we can be able to inter in the global market.........
International business lecture 1 - ppt notesRudreshSamant
The document discusses different mentalities that multinational corporations can take when internationalizing, including international, multinational, global, and transnational mentalities. It provides examples of strategies used by companies that exemplify each mentality. The transnational mentality is described as recognizing the importance of both responsive local operations and an international dimension through an integrated network of worldwide operations. Effective transnational companies may locate different activities like factories, call centers, marketing, and R&D in different regions to achieve efficiency and flexibility globally.
1. International trade involves cross-border transactions of goods, services, and resources between nations for commercial purposes.
2. There are several reasons why companies enter international markets, including accessing new markets and resources, reducing costs, and gaining competitive advantages.
3. While international trade provides benefits like increased specialization and access to cheaper goods, it also faces challenges such as political risks, trade barriers, and cultural differences between countries.
Global business involves cross-border trade and has occurred for millennia, but increased dramatically after the 16th century with the rise of trading companies connecting continents. It continues today to allow for the sharing of resources, ideas, technology, and services between nations. While globalization aims to reduce poverty and promote education, global business faces barriers from negotiating different environments, cultures, ideologies, and governments. Shipping and logistics play a key role by facilitating over 90% of world trade by sea. Successful global business management requires understanding cultural differences between peoples and countries.
Africa Trade and Export Conference 2012Ola Odejayi
The document discusses the 3rd Annual Africa Trade & Conference taking place from May 22-23, 2012 in Johannesburg, South Africa. The conference will focus on overcoming impediments to trade in emerging markets and maximizing opportunities provided by the establishment of a continental free trade area in Africa by 2017. It will provide expert insights on opportunities and challenges of regional integration, doing business in African markets, and maximizing benefits from China's investment in Africa. The goal is to help businesses develop effective strategies for entering African markets and taking advantage of developments like the BRICS alliance.
Bec doms ppt on international business mgmtBabasab Patil
The document provides an overview of international business, including its history and impact, definitions, growth of global linkages, and opportunities and challenges. It discusses how international business has increased the flow of ideas, services, and capital globally. It also summarizes key topics covered in the book such as the structure of international trade, effects of globalization, and the United States' role in international business.
Global market place, discuss barriers in marketing,
1. Looking at the Global Marketing Environment
2. Deciding Whether to Go Global:-
3. Deciding Which Markets to Enter
4. Deciding How to Enter the Market
5. Deciding on the Global Marketing Organization
In this presentation we will discuss all the methods by which we can be able to inter in the global market.........
International business lecture 1 - ppt notesRudreshSamant
The document discusses different mentalities that multinational corporations can take when internationalizing, including international, multinational, global, and transnational mentalities. It provides examples of strategies used by companies that exemplify each mentality. The transnational mentality is described as recognizing the importance of both responsive local operations and an international dimension through an integrated network of worldwide operations. Effective transnational companies may locate different activities like factories, call centers, marketing, and R&D in different regions to achieve efficiency and flexibility globally.
1. International trade involves cross-border transactions of goods, services, and resources between nations for commercial purposes.
2. There are several reasons why companies enter international markets, including accessing new markets and resources, reducing costs, and gaining competitive advantages.
3. While international trade provides benefits like increased specialization and access to cheaper goods, it also faces challenges such as political risks, trade barriers, and cultural differences between countries.
Global business involves cross-border trade and has occurred for millennia, but increased dramatically after the 16th century with the rise of trading companies connecting continents. It continues today to allow for the sharing of resources, ideas, technology, and services between nations. While globalization aims to reduce poverty and promote education, global business faces barriers from negotiating different environments, cultures, ideologies, and governments. Shipping and logistics play a key role by facilitating over 90% of world trade by sea. Successful global business management requires understanding cultural differences between peoples and countries.
International business involves commercial transactions between two or more countries. When operating internationally, companies must consider their mission, objectives, and strategy. Major objectives for international business include expanding sales, acquiring resources, diversifying sources of sales and supplies, and minimizing competitive risk. Business is becoming more global due to quicker transportation and communication, lower trade barriers, and increased global competition.
Why companies engage in International BusinessUttam Sarkar
The document discusses the history and development of international business. It describes how trade expanded along the Silk Road beginning in 110 BC, fueling development of civilizations. International business further grew under the Roman Empire, which ensured safe travel and a unified monetary system. Today, the United States is a global leader in international business due to its market-based economy and encouragement of global trade and communication. Many companies from various industries, including manufacturers, service providers, and media companies, have expanded internationally to benefit from large global markets, diversification of risk, and other advantages. Several major Indian companies like Tata, Ranbaxy, and Asian Paints have also become global players through foreign acquisitions and manufacturing plants. International trade has
KMB -302: Unit- 3 Lecture -1 (International Marketing: Nature and Significance)Dr.B.B. Tiwari
International marketing involves marketing goods and services across national borders. It refers to strategies, processes, and implementation of marketing activities in global markets. International marketing requires special management skills to deal with at least two sets of uncontrollable variables from different countries. It also faces risks such as political and cultural challenges. Common methods for international marketing include establishing foreign branches, licensing arrangements, franchising, joint ventures, using foreign agents or distributors, strategic alliances, and providing consultancy or turnkey contract services. International marketing is important to expand markets, boost brand reputation, connect businesses globally, open doors to future opportunities, and fulfill economic needs through trade while promoting cultural exchange between countries.
Complete detail on International Business Dynamics first Module-1
Introduction Chapter, Contents Meaning and definition of International Business to Significance to Aid International Managers please go through it, If any inputs or queries reach me through Instagram and Facebook (allnewcrazy)
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS - MG UNIVERSITY 3RD SEMESTER - FULL NOTESSooraj Krishnakumar
This document provides an overview of the modules covered in an International Business course. It discusses key topics such as the nature and dimensions of international business, the globalization process, international economic institutions, export/import procedures, foreign investment, and social and environmental issues in international business. The modules cover the international business environment, entry strategies, factors driving globalization, and challenges that companies face when operating globally.
Introduction to International BusinessAshwin Kumar
Introduction to International Business is a comprehensive study of the various aspects of International Business. This presentation will provide better insights into the definition, nature, scope, characteristics, approaches, reasons, advantages and disadvantages.
International Business Dynamics module 2 by Nagarjun ReddyPNagarjunReddyReddy
Complete detail of Second Module International Business Dynamics contents, Globalization – Supporting Institutions in International Conflict Resolution
The document discusses international business, defining it as business conducted between multiple countries. It outlines the learning objectives of understanding the definition, nature, scope, characteristics, needs, and types of international business. The nature of international business requires accurate and timely information as well as large market segmentation based on geography. The scope includes international marketing, finance, human resources, and foreign exchange. Characteristics include balancing domestic and foreign environments and complex decision making due to various cultural differences across countries. The need is driven by globalization and opportunities for firms and consumers. Common types of international business are exports, imports, foreign investment, licensing, franchising, and management contracts. In conclusion, international business encompasses both trade and production of goods and services across
International business involves the exchange of products and services across national borders. Companies pursue international expansion to increase profits, take advantage of product life cycles, and achieve economies of scale, or to respond to competitive pressures and saturated domestic markets. When considering international expansion, companies must gauge demand abroad, adapt products to foreign customer needs, and determine their entry strategy into foreign markets such as exporting, licensing, franchising, foreign direct investment, or establishing a foreign subsidiary. Barriers to international business include cultural, legal, political, and economic barriers like tariffs and trade restrictions.
India's economy thrived under British rule but after independence, the country pursued protectionist policies like import substitution to become self-sufficient. In the 1980s, India began liberalizing trade and deregulating markets. It has since specialized in higher quality manufactured goods and services. India now attracts large amounts of foreign direct investment and has integrated further into the global economy through trade agreements and export promotion policies, though some sectors remain protected.
ROLE OF EXPORT MARKETING IN INTERNATIONAL TRADEsushmitha7
1) Export marketing is a systematic process of developing and distributing goods and services in overseas markets and involves undertaking various marketing activities such as research, product design, branding, packaging, pricing, and promotion.
2) Export marketing brings valuable foreign exchange to exporting countries and helps balance payments but faces challenges like technological differences between countries and trade barriers.
3) Organizations benefit from export marketing through increased sales and profits, enhanced competitiveness, gaining global market share, and risk diversification.
International Business Management unit 1 introductionGanesha Pandian
This document provides an overview of international business management. It defines international business as transactions across national borders that satisfy objectives of individuals, companies, and organizations. It then discusses reasons for internationalization like increased opportunities, risks, and profits. Key factors driving globalization include developing markets, low-cost production, trade blocks, and declining barriers. The document also examines country attractiveness analysis, political and legal environments, risks in international business, and classifications of those risks. It provides examples of political systems and outlines strategies for managing political risks.
This document outlines key concepts related to foreign trade for Malaysian SMEs. It defines SME categories based on annual sales turnover or number of employees. Foreign trade involves the import and export of goods and services between countries. The benefits of exports include cost reduction, increased profits from larger markets, and gaining new market information and reputation. Imports allow for cheaper supplies and new market sources. Managing foreign trade requires consideration of objectives, regulations, delegation of authority, documentation, financial plans, marketing research, and cultural factors in target markets.
International Business Shivaji University SyllabusIshwar Bulbule
1. The document discusses the concept of international business, which involves business transactions across national borders, ranging from small export/import firms to large multinational corporations.
2. It describes how international businesses have grown significantly with globalization and liberalization since the 1970s, dominating the global economy.
3. International businesses must balance global and local operations and considerations, such as complying with local laws while profiting in home countries. They must also manage employment responsibly across different cultures and regulations.
Orientation and overview of International Businesshinsopheap
This document provides an orientation and overview for an International Business course. It outlines the course objectives to provide an understanding of issues confronting executives in international business and major changes in the global economy. Learning resources including various websites and a textbook are listed. The course will cover topics like globalization, trade theory, foreign direct investment, and international strategy. Student evaluation will be based on class participation, assignments, a midterm exam, and a final exam. The document provides potential topics for a term paper on analyzing specific countries, companies, cultural factors, or trends in international management.
The Union of African Chambers (PACCI) is the main business advocacy organization in Africa, representing 36 national chambers. It was established in 2009 to strengthen Africa's economic competitiveness by providing a continental voice for business. PACCI focuses on continental issues, hosting conferences on topics like trade, agriculture, and investment forums between Africa and other regions. Its vision is to be the recognized voice of African business and a valuable resource for its members.
The document provides an overview of international business, including:
- Benefits of international business like access to larger markets, cheaper labor, and increased quality/quantity of goods
- The five Ps of international business: product, price, proximity, preference, and promotion
- Potential costs like outsourcing, human rights issues, and environmental degradation
- Barriers to international trade such as tariffs and non-tariff barriers
- Canada's major trading partners and trade agreements
- The future of international trade bodies and increasing globalization and cultural integration.
The world may continue to shrink in light of advanced technology, higher demands from markets and faster turnaround times, globalization has become a staple for world commerce and international business.
Safety and health of urban informal sector workersDr Lendy Spires
The document discusses safety and health issues faced by workers in the urban informal sector. It notes that informal sector workers often have poor and unsafe working conditions due to inadequate premises, lack of sanitation facilities, long work hours, and exposure to occupational hazards. They also have limited access to occupational health services and social protection. The document recommends integrated approaches that promote health, improve living standards, and create quality jobs for informal workers. It suggests raising awareness of safety issues, providing basic health services through primary healthcare centers, and supporting self-help groups to help informal workers improve their working conditions.
Measuring care gender, empowerment and the care economyDr Lendy Spires
This document discusses the need for better measures of women's unpaid care work and responsibilities. It proposes developing indices that measure gender differences in financial and time burdens for caring for dependents. The document outlines categories for analyzing different types of care work, including unpaid domestic work, subsistence work, informal paid work, and formal paid care occupations. It argues existing development indices like the GDI and GEM fail to capture women's responsibilities and time constraints relating to care work. Better accounting of women's unpaid labor and time is needed to assess impacts of policies on gender equality and development.
The document discusses the socio-economic conditions facing artisanal gold mining communities in eastern Congo. It finds that poverty is widespread as corrupt elites syphon off most of the wealth from gold reserves, leaving families struggling. Women face daily violence and exploitation as traditional structures have broken down. Children are forced to work in mines instead of school. As industrial mining expands, thousands of artisanal miners will lose their livelihoods with little support to transition to alternative work. The report calls for assistance to help women improve farming, access microcredit, and develop new income sources to support their families.
Promote productive employment in sub saharan africaDr Lendy Spires
This document provides an overview of research on employment trends and policies in Sub-Saharan Africa. It discusses the nature of employment challenges in the region, which include underemployment, vulnerable employment with low earnings, and a large informal sector. The document reviews literature on causes such as a lack of structural change, skill mismatches, insufficient support for small and medium enterprises, and low innovation. It also discusses policies to promote productive employment, including trade policies, sectoral policies, innovation policies, population policies, and employment and labor market policies. Emerging debates on topics like agricultural vs industrial development strategies and the role of manufacturing are also summarized.
International business involves commercial transactions between two or more countries. When operating internationally, companies must consider their mission, objectives, and strategy. Major objectives for international business include expanding sales, acquiring resources, diversifying sources of sales and supplies, and minimizing competitive risk. Business is becoming more global due to quicker transportation and communication, lower trade barriers, and increased global competition.
Why companies engage in International BusinessUttam Sarkar
The document discusses the history and development of international business. It describes how trade expanded along the Silk Road beginning in 110 BC, fueling development of civilizations. International business further grew under the Roman Empire, which ensured safe travel and a unified monetary system. Today, the United States is a global leader in international business due to its market-based economy and encouragement of global trade and communication. Many companies from various industries, including manufacturers, service providers, and media companies, have expanded internationally to benefit from large global markets, diversification of risk, and other advantages. Several major Indian companies like Tata, Ranbaxy, and Asian Paints have also become global players through foreign acquisitions and manufacturing plants. International trade has
KMB -302: Unit- 3 Lecture -1 (International Marketing: Nature and Significance)Dr.B.B. Tiwari
International marketing involves marketing goods and services across national borders. It refers to strategies, processes, and implementation of marketing activities in global markets. International marketing requires special management skills to deal with at least two sets of uncontrollable variables from different countries. It also faces risks such as political and cultural challenges. Common methods for international marketing include establishing foreign branches, licensing arrangements, franchising, joint ventures, using foreign agents or distributors, strategic alliances, and providing consultancy or turnkey contract services. International marketing is important to expand markets, boost brand reputation, connect businesses globally, open doors to future opportunities, and fulfill economic needs through trade while promoting cultural exchange between countries.
Complete detail on International Business Dynamics first Module-1
Introduction Chapter, Contents Meaning and definition of International Business to Significance to Aid International Managers please go through it, If any inputs or queries reach me through Instagram and Facebook (allnewcrazy)
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS - MG UNIVERSITY 3RD SEMESTER - FULL NOTESSooraj Krishnakumar
This document provides an overview of the modules covered in an International Business course. It discusses key topics such as the nature and dimensions of international business, the globalization process, international economic institutions, export/import procedures, foreign investment, and social and environmental issues in international business. The modules cover the international business environment, entry strategies, factors driving globalization, and challenges that companies face when operating globally.
Introduction to International BusinessAshwin Kumar
Introduction to International Business is a comprehensive study of the various aspects of International Business. This presentation will provide better insights into the definition, nature, scope, characteristics, approaches, reasons, advantages and disadvantages.
International Business Dynamics module 2 by Nagarjun ReddyPNagarjunReddyReddy
Complete detail of Second Module International Business Dynamics contents, Globalization – Supporting Institutions in International Conflict Resolution
The document discusses international business, defining it as business conducted between multiple countries. It outlines the learning objectives of understanding the definition, nature, scope, characteristics, needs, and types of international business. The nature of international business requires accurate and timely information as well as large market segmentation based on geography. The scope includes international marketing, finance, human resources, and foreign exchange. Characteristics include balancing domestic and foreign environments and complex decision making due to various cultural differences across countries. The need is driven by globalization and opportunities for firms and consumers. Common types of international business are exports, imports, foreign investment, licensing, franchising, and management contracts. In conclusion, international business encompasses both trade and production of goods and services across
International business involves the exchange of products and services across national borders. Companies pursue international expansion to increase profits, take advantage of product life cycles, and achieve economies of scale, or to respond to competitive pressures and saturated domestic markets. When considering international expansion, companies must gauge demand abroad, adapt products to foreign customer needs, and determine their entry strategy into foreign markets such as exporting, licensing, franchising, foreign direct investment, or establishing a foreign subsidiary. Barriers to international business include cultural, legal, political, and economic barriers like tariffs and trade restrictions.
India's economy thrived under British rule but after independence, the country pursued protectionist policies like import substitution to become self-sufficient. In the 1980s, India began liberalizing trade and deregulating markets. It has since specialized in higher quality manufactured goods and services. India now attracts large amounts of foreign direct investment and has integrated further into the global economy through trade agreements and export promotion policies, though some sectors remain protected.
ROLE OF EXPORT MARKETING IN INTERNATIONAL TRADEsushmitha7
1) Export marketing is a systematic process of developing and distributing goods and services in overseas markets and involves undertaking various marketing activities such as research, product design, branding, packaging, pricing, and promotion.
2) Export marketing brings valuable foreign exchange to exporting countries and helps balance payments but faces challenges like technological differences between countries and trade barriers.
3) Organizations benefit from export marketing through increased sales and profits, enhanced competitiveness, gaining global market share, and risk diversification.
International Business Management unit 1 introductionGanesha Pandian
This document provides an overview of international business management. It defines international business as transactions across national borders that satisfy objectives of individuals, companies, and organizations. It then discusses reasons for internationalization like increased opportunities, risks, and profits. Key factors driving globalization include developing markets, low-cost production, trade blocks, and declining barriers. The document also examines country attractiveness analysis, political and legal environments, risks in international business, and classifications of those risks. It provides examples of political systems and outlines strategies for managing political risks.
This document outlines key concepts related to foreign trade for Malaysian SMEs. It defines SME categories based on annual sales turnover or number of employees. Foreign trade involves the import and export of goods and services between countries. The benefits of exports include cost reduction, increased profits from larger markets, and gaining new market information and reputation. Imports allow for cheaper supplies and new market sources. Managing foreign trade requires consideration of objectives, regulations, delegation of authority, documentation, financial plans, marketing research, and cultural factors in target markets.
International Business Shivaji University SyllabusIshwar Bulbule
1. The document discusses the concept of international business, which involves business transactions across national borders, ranging from small export/import firms to large multinational corporations.
2. It describes how international businesses have grown significantly with globalization and liberalization since the 1970s, dominating the global economy.
3. International businesses must balance global and local operations and considerations, such as complying with local laws while profiting in home countries. They must also manage employment responsibly across different cultures and regulations.
Orientation and overview of International Businesshinsopheap
This document provides an orientation and overview for an International Business course. It outlines the course objectives to provide an understanding of issues confronting executives in international business and major changes in the global economy. Learning resources including various websites and a textbook are listed. The course will cover topics like globalization, trade theory, foreign direct investment, and international strategy. Student evaluation will be based on class participation, assignments, a midterm exam, and a final exam. The document provides potential topics for a term paper on analyzing specific countries, companies, cultural factors, or trends in international management.
The Union of African Chambers (PACCI) is the main business advocacy organization in Africa, representing 36 national chambers. It was established in 2009 to strengthen Africa's economic competitiveness by providing a continental voice for business. PACCI focuses on continental issues, hosting conferences on topics like trade, agriculture, and investment forums between Africa and other regions. Its vision is to be the recognized voice of African business and a valuable resource for its members.
The document provides an overview of international business, including:
- Benefits of international business like access to larger markets, cheaper labor, and increased quality/quantity of goods
- The five Ps of international business: product, price, proximity, preference, and promotion
- Potential costs like outsourcing, human rights issues, and environmental degradation
- Barriers to international trade such as tariffs and non-tariff barriers
- Canada's major trading partners and trade agreements
- The future of international trade bodies and increasing globalization and cultural integration.
The world may continue to shrink in light of advanced technology, higher demands from markets and faster turnaround times, globalization has become a staple for world commerce and international business.
Safety and health of urban informal sector workersDr Lendy Spires
The document discusses safety and health issues faced by workers in the urban informal sector. It notes that informal sector workers often have poor and unsafe working conditions due to inadequate premises, lack of sanitation facilities, long work hours, and exposure to occupational hazards. They also have limited access to occupational health services and social protection. The document recommends integrated approaches that promote health, improve living standards, and create quality jobs for informal workers. It suggests raising awareness of safety issues, providing basic health services through primary healthcare centers, and supporting self-help groups to help informal workers improve their working conditions.
Measuring care gender, empowerment and the care economyDr Lendy Spires
This document discusses the need for better measures of women's unpaid care work and responsibilities. It proposes developing indices that measure gender differences in financial and time burdens for caring for dependents. The document outlines categories for analyzing different types of care work, including unpaid domestic work, subsistence work, informal paid work, and formal paid care occupations. It argues existing development indices like the GDI and GEM fail to capture women's responsibilities and time constraints relating to care work. Better accounting of women's unpaid labor and time is needed to assess impacts of policies on gender equality and development.
The document discusses the socio-economic conditions facing artisanal gold mining communities in eastern Congo. It finds that poverty is widespread as corrupt elites syphon off most of the wealth from gold reserves, leaving families struggling. Women face daily violence and exploitation as traditional structures have broken down. Children are forced to work in mines instead of school. As industrial mining expands, thousands of artisanal miners will lose their livelihoods with little support to transition to alternative work. The report calls for assistance to help women improve farming, access microcredit, and develop new income sources to support their families.
Promote productive employment in sub saharan africaDr Lendy Spires
This document provides an overview of research on employment trends and policies in Sub-Saharan Africa. It discusses the nature of employment challenges in the region, which include underemployment, vulnerable employment with low earnings, and a large informal sector. The document reviews literature on causes such as a lack of structural change, skill mismatches, insufficient support for small and medium enterprises, and low innovation. It also discusses policies to promote productive employment, including trade policies, sectoral policies, innovation policies, population policies, and employment and labor market policies. Emerging debates on topics like agricultural vs industrial development strategies and the role of manufacturing are also summarized.
This document provides a situational analysis of diamond mining in Marange, Zimbabwe. It discusses the background of Zimbabwe's mining sector and the events that led to an uncontrolled diamond rush in Marange in 2006. Thousands of informal miners descended on the area with little regulation or oversight. This has led to environmental damage and human rights issues. While individuals have benefited from diamond sales, there have been few collective gains for the Marange community. The government and its agencies have struggled to gain control over mining and trading, with smuggling and an informal market developing due to low official prices.
Urban food insecurity in cape town south africa an alternative approach to fo...Dr Lendy Spires
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document provides a summary of Rio Tinto's activities and projects in Africa prepared by IndustriALL Global Union, which represents 50 million workers across 140 countries. It outlines concerns about Rio Tinto's social and environmental practices in various countries, and IndustriALL's commitment to campaigning globally to hold Rio Tinto accountable and ensure the interests of workers and local communities.
Women in the economic and social development of their counties and communitiesDr Lendy Spires
The document provides background information on a study examining the working conditions of women employees in the informal sector in Kampala, Uganda. Specifically, it focuses on the catering activity within Owino Market.
It describes Owino Market as Kampala's largest market with over 5,000 stalls. The catering activity employs exclusively women in small, poorly equipped stalls. The study aims to explore the employee-employer relationship, how women balance work and family responsibilities, and ways to increase their bargaining power. It uses interviews, observations and secondary sources to examine how factors like age, education and family status influence working conditions.
Agreement between the UN and FAOof the UN on the one part and the government ...Dr Lendy Spires
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
What rights measuring the dept of indigenous people and community forest te...Dr Lendy Spires
This document analyzes 33 community forest tenure regimes across 15 countries, which contain around 70% of the world's tropical forests. It finds that while countries have increasingly recognized community tenure rights since the 1990s, communities' rights are often limited in practice and subject to management requirements. Key rights like commercial harvesting and exclusion of others vary significantly between countries and regimes. The full implementation and security of community tenure also remains a challenge in many places.
Conflict and the Post 2015 Development Agenda South AfricaDr Lendy Spires
This document discusses the post-2015 development agenda and its importance for South Africa and Africa. It provides context on the Millennium Development Goals and outlines the current global process underway to define new development goals. Key points include:
- The MDGs expire in 2015 and a single framework of universal goals is being negotiated for adoption in 2015.
- Sustainable Development Goals will be proposed in 2014 and will influence the post-2015 development agenda.
- An African Common Position is being drafted through the African Union to present African priorities and perspectives in the post-2015 negotiations. This process aims to ensure the new development framework meets the needs of Africa.
Land biodiversity and_extractive_industries_in_southern_africa_1_0Dr Lendy Spires
This document analyzes the legal and institutional frameworks governing land, social, and environmental protection related to extractive industries in southern Africa. It finds that while countries have developed laws, implementation and enforcement vary. Many colonial-era laws prioritized resource extraction over indigenous rights. Post-colonial laws still vest mineral rights in states. Key issues include land ownership during displacement, and compensation which is often problematic. Weaknesses include lack of enforcement, weak land tenure systems, and insufficient community consent. It highlights both good practices and gaps, in order to strengthen regulatory frameworks.
1. The document summarizes the key discussions and recommendations from a regional review meeting on Aid for Trade in Africa organized by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa and other organizations.
2. Participants emphasized that regional integration and reducing trade costs are essential for Africa to benefit from globalization. Key priorities identified included infrastructure development, trade facilitation, and building human and institutional capacity.
3. It was recommended that Africa prioritize its trade needs at the regional level and develop action plans. International organizations should support these plans and regularly report on progress with Aid for Trade in Africa.
This document summarizes the history of regional integration in Africa. It discusses how African governments have pursued many regional integration initiatives to address the challenges of small national markets and fragmented geography. However, these initiatives have had poor implementation despite ambitious targets. The traditional paradigm of linear market integration focusing on border measures may not be appropriate for Africa, as supply-side constraints may be more important barriers. A deeper integration agenda addressing behind-the-border issues could more effectively help overcome national constraints.
Border Posts, Checkpoints, and Intra-African Trade: Challenges and SolutionsCláudio Carneiro
The document discusses challenges to regional integration and intra-African trade. It finds that while regional economic communities have proliferated in Africa, intra-African trade remains low at around 10% of total trade. This is due to barriers like poor infrastructure, inefficient border posts and customs procedures, and corruption. Addressing barriers like improving transport networks, border infrastructure through measures like one-stop border posts, and reducing corruption through greater automation and transparency, could significantly boost intra-African trade and regional integration in Africa.
Border Posts Checkpoints and Intra-African Trade - formatedSjoerd Visser
This document discusses challenges to regional integration and intra-African trade. It finds that while regional economic communities have proliferated in Africa, they have failed to significantly increase trade, investment, and economic development. Barriers like tariffs, infrastructure issues, and inefficient border processes continue to impede the free flow of goods and services between countries. The document focuses on how improving border posts and customs procedures could reduce trade costs and delays, boost government revenues, and accelerate economic growth. Establishing joint border posts and one-stop border posts are presented as potential solutions to better facilitate cross-border commerce in Africa.
This document discusses diversifying African trade. It provides a snapshot of current African trade, which remains highly dependent on commodities, with minerals and ores making up over two-thirds of exports. While the EU and US are still major trade partners, Chinese trade with Africa has surged significantly in recent years. The report examines partnerships with emerging economies like India and Turkey that are increasing trade with Africa. It also looks at regional trade blocs and external trade policies, identifying obstacles to trade and providing recommendations to further diversify African trade and promote sustainable economic growth.
The document discusses the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and its potential to develop value chains and trade across Africa. It notes that 54 countries have signed the AfCFTA agreement, with 43 ratifying it so far. It highlights progress in negotiations including agreed upon tariff lines and schedules. It also outlines the AfCFTA's private sector strategy, focusing initially on agriculture, automotive, and pharmaceutical value chains. The strategy estimates the potential to add over $11 billion annually in African production and more than $5 billion in intra-Africa trade if interventions are made in agriculture and agro-processing value chains. Coffee value chains are prioritized for development under the strategy as well.
The document discusses the business environment and management style in South Africa. It outlines key aspects of the South African economy including sound policies, infrastructure, access to markets, and an easing of doing business. It also describes how management styles have shifted from a traditional authoritarian approach to a more collaborative style that engages middle managers and incorporates diverse perspectives.
Trade Facilitation: the new accelerators_AUC_SWC2016AAEC_AFRICAN
This document summarizes the agenda for the International Single Window Conference in Marrakech, Morocco from September 5-7, 2016 on trade facilitation and its role as a new accelerator for growth. The presentation outlines the 2012 AU Summit decision to establish a continental free trade area by 2017, the Agenda 2063 development framework, and the Action Plan for Boosting Intra-African Trade. It discusses how well-implemented trade facilitation measures through reducing costs and improving efficiency can benefit African consumers, firms, governments, and investment climate while also promoting security. Political support and collaboration are emphasized as important to realizing these benefits.
Aid to trade and africa international tradeSand Mba
Does Aid to trade present an opportunity for Africa International Trade? Yes- the opportunity will be in the context accelerating trade, investment and economic growth.
Edwin Laurent opened remarks at a conference on economic potential for Africa's regional trade cooperation by acknowledging the importance of an Africa-led approach to development. He highlighted that Africa has not fully benefited from globalization and economic growth in the same way as other developing regions. However, regional integration efforts including trade blocs could help address challenges by extending domestic markets and enabling countries to better capitalize on economic opportunities through cooperation rather than competing interests of foreign entities. While regional approaches show promise, Laurent noted transportation infrastructure and costs present major barriers to realizing their full benefits for development in Africa.
Invitation 6th joint auc eca annual conference - industrialisation for an e...Dr Lendy Spires
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Promoting advocacy on intra african trade for development in africa
1. PROMOTING ADVOCACY ON INTRA-AFRICAN
TRADE FOR DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA
Round Table Brainstorming Meeting
Thursday 26th
November
DRAFT REPORT
I. INTRODUCTION
A small round table brainstorming meeting on the above
subject took place at CAPDEV’s1
office on 26th
November
2009. The meeting brought together a number of persons
knowledgeable and with diverse experiences on the subject
and related development issues. Attached to this note is the
list of key participants in this first session of brainstorming. A
few other invitees expressed interest, but were unable to
attend due to prior engagements.
II. PURPOSE AND AGENDA
The purpose of this small round table brainstorming initiative
is to generate and exchange ideas on the present situation
of Intra-African trade promotion and advocacy. For this first
meeting, the agenda items included:
Introduction to the subject for discussion: Promoting
an Intra-Africa Trade for Development Agenda.
Promoting advocacy and actions towards a greater
Intra-Africa Trade in the context of the current global
economic and financial crisis and current continental
developments in Africa.
1
Capdev: Capacity and Development Services (near Fourways, Johanessburg). The
office is also promoting an African Trade and Development Initiative (Af-TADI)
2. General exchange of views on:
Challenges
Opportunities
Entry points
Key players (Institutions, Organizations, Individuals/
Champions, etc.)
III. CONTENT OF DISCUSSIONS
i Presentation
The discussion began with a short PowerPoint presentation
(by the organizer of the meeting) regarding the overall Intra-
African trade situation. Some of the points highlighted in the
presentation included:
a) Some trends and current situation regarding Intra-Africa’s
Export and Import patterns
Over the decade there has been up and down
movement in terms of the volume of Intra-Africa trade,
with only very modest increases.
About five countries in Africa export most of their goods
in Africa; with South Africa and Nigeria accounting for
1/3 of export within Africa. ( African Economic outlook report 2008 by
AfDB, ECA)
In 2006, African exports grew by 21% to
US$360.9billion (about 3% of world exports); compared
to 73% and 53% for EU and Asia respectively. ( African
Economic outlook report 2008 by AfDB, ECA)
3. Intra African trade exports by economic grouping in
2007 showed the following
CEMAC: To Africa US$1 968 000 000
To the world US$11 543 000 000
COMESA: To Africa US$12 747 000 000
To the World US$107 346 000 000
ECOWAS: To Africa US$ 9 941 000 000
To world US$ 73 348 000 000
SADC: To Africa US$ 14 758 000 000
To the world US$ 111 200 000 000
(African Statistical Yearbook 2009 by AfDB, AUC and UNECA)
b) Examples of challenges
Infrastructure
Transport and cost
Behind the border-issues
TBs and NTBs
Lack of information
Multiplicity of trade agreements
Multi-membership
Trade patterns inherited at independence
Soft issues (Governance, stability, economic
management, etc)
Influence/implications of trade negotiations (WTO Doha
round, EPA’s bilateral agreements, etc)
c) Some forward looking questions:
How best to re-energize current efforts regarding
Intra-African Trade?
What could be some (or new) options of approach to
tackling the different categories of challenges?
4. Are there current spaces for stronger advocacy and
actions?
What would be the possible contributions or roles for
key African stakeholder groups?
ii. General discussions
The discussions yielded a good exchange of views and
many substantive points from the participants. These
included highlights of various challenges that contributed to
a low level of Intra-African trade; as well as some
suggestions/entry points for addressing some of the
challenges.
(a) Challenges discussed:
The need for effective functional configurations (e.g.
Free Trade Areas) for promoting inter-country trade
Quality and standard issues: The standards of goods
(e.g. in terms of quantity, weight and measurements)
applicable, vary greatly in African countries
Lack of information and data on Intra-Africa trade
(official and informal): the lack of adequate, and up-to-
date on Intra-Africa trade is a bottle neck that needs to
be addressed urgently
Multiplicity of trade agreements: The diversity and
multiplicity of trade agreements in regions and
amongst African countries render effective
implementation some-what difficult; and this has an
influence on the level of Intra-Africa trade
The nature of enterprises and their management/
leadership scales/styles: small trading businesses in
Africa are often family businesses that are unable to
plan beyond their locality and country
5. Custom regulations and procedures- burdensome
administration at the boarders
Intra-African trade information management systems:
The non-availability of or difficulty to access trade
information in African countries constitute a big
challenge in promoting Intra-Africa trade for
development.
Trade patterns inherited at independence: Some trade
in Africa is still too tied to past colonial
influences/impacts as some African countries orientate
their exports/imports and trade links accordingly.
Soft Issues such as the following: Good governance,
stability, economic management, etc still pose a
challenge to Intra-Africa trade development. Political
dimensions often do constitute a challenge in terms of
whether, what, and how Intra-Africa trade is promoted
between countries
Beneficiation factor: the need to add value to things
that Africa is producing
Homogeneity of Africa’s trade products: Insufficient
diversification of raw and secondary products; and low
levels of value-addition.
(b) Suggested entry points for promoting advocacy
Intra-Africa trade going forward
A number of ideas were expressed that could be retained for
further work and discussions on promoting advocacy and
actions towards greater Intra- Africa trade:
Intra-Africa trade data and research: The need to
increase knowledge and generate information,
including developing new and grounded data on Intra-
Africa trade. More complete data is needed to cover to
include official trade as well as generating new data to
6. capture informal sector, people to people and grass-
root trade (the role of women, youth, etc).
Intra-Africa trade information systems/mechanisms:
the need to improve trade information, and to explore
the possibility of putting in place an information portal
on intra-Africa trade. This could include a mapping of
potentials and opportunities available for Intra-Africa
trade.
Create learning opportunities and promote a global
African platform for expanded Intra-Africa trade
Make investment codes Intra-Africa-friendly and more
accommodative
Technology: the need for African countries to develop
and invest in technologies that could enhance
processing of raw materials, finished products and
inter-country trading.
Greater recognition and enhancement/management of
Informal trade: African countries need to support
informal trade activities as well as people-to-people
trade through enabling management, proper policies
and tax systems.
Facilitate and enhance the movement of people in a
way that promotes free movement for trade
purposes. (i.e. manage perse, rather than restrict the
movement of people in economic spaces for trade
purposes
Enhance uniform framework regulations within African
countries: most investment codes document could
benefit from a slightly greater inter-country
harmonisation; as well as from the explicit inclusion of
policies encouraging and the management of Intra-
African trade.
Put in place political and economic mechanisms to
protect the trade environment in Africa
7. Small operator empowerment/enhancement:
Empower small businesses through Finance,
knowledge and skills to trade within the continent.
De-linking trade and aid
Sharing information on, and progressive
harmonization of business modus operandi (modern
practices as well as operational approaches cross
countries)
Protecting local products: The need to identify proper
mechanisms and ways to protect local product is
important for Intra-African trade development
Need to balance national sovereignty concerns with
the greater continental imperatives of regional
integration
Free Trade Areas (FTAs): The usefulness of
promoting Free Trade Areas (beyond customs unions,
per se); including possibility of creating an all Africa
Free Trade Area
Opening of free trade zones to other countries in
Africa to facilitate the flow of goods and services
Trade facilitation: More attention should be given to
trade facilitation measures.
Dual approach: Intra-Africa trade and regional
integration strategies could benefit from promotion of
both official trade as well as harnessing the potential
of the informal sector for inter-country trade. This
includes boosting the roles of CBOs/CSOs/informal
sector
Changing the mind-sets and attitudes of Africans;
through promoting greater interest and mobilisation for
Intra-Africa trade.
8. IV. CONCLUDING REMARKS AND NEXT STEPS:
Concluding Remarks
a) This round table brainstorming meeting provided an
opportunity for a substantive exchange of ideas on key
issues regarding this challenging subject. Participants
welcomed the rich and constructive sharing of perspectives
that build on (as well as contribute to) the work of some of
their organisations and others concerned with trade issues in
Africa.
b) Additional observations from the meeting point to the
usefulness of further enriching advocacy efforts through
building on and drawing upon the following helpful
considerations:
c) The reaching out to various African organisations; as well
as international organisations (e.g. ITC, UNECA, AfDB,
UNCTAD, WTO ETC.) regarding data on Intra-Africa
trade.
d) Working with and reaching out to and through non-state
concerned organisations such as OSISA and many
others, for collaboration and mobilization on Intra African
trade, knowledge generation and sharing to further
economic justice and development
e) Close work with NEPAD/African Union Commission
(responsible focal points) in promoting advocacy on the
issue.
f) Draw on useful information and analysis, for example the
kind of information prepared by think thanks such as
SAIIA and other actively engaged institutions that can be
identified.
g) Avail of and make use of the supportive environment and
information that could be available from the DTI and
similar official set ups.
9. h) Avail of the new environment provided by the AUC trade
initiatives and the ongoing work of the regional economic
communities.
Next Steps
This summary note (report) on this round table
brainstorming meeting is being shared (first) with the
participants, and then to all those invitees who were
unable to attend this time. It will also be eventually
shared as appropriate for advocacy purposes with the
few organisations actively working on Intra Africa trade
issues.
It is planned to organise a second round table
brainstorming session in the first quarter of 2010,
shortly before a larger meeting planned to take place.
Report prepared by:
Office of Mr Samuel Nyambi
CAPDEV/ Af-TADI
Johannesburg
1 December 2009
10. ANNEXES:
A) Agenda:
Promoting advocacy on Intra-African Trade for Development
Thursday 26 November 2009
Proposed Agenda
10:45am: Arrival (Tea and Coffee)
11:00am: Start of meeting
Welcome, Introductions and remarks about the purpose of the meeting
Introduction to the subject for discussion: Promoting an Intra-African
Trade for Development Agenda.
Discussions
12:00 pm: Promoting advocacy and actions towards a greater Intra-African Trade
in the context of the current global economic and financial crisis and current
continental developments in Africa.
General exchange of views on:
Challenges
Opportunities
Entry points
Key players (Institutions, Organizations, Individuals/ Champions, etc.)
12:45 pm: Concluding Remarks
13:00 pm: Lunch and end of meeting
11. B) LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
Name Organisation Responsibility E-mail Tel
Nkululeko
Khumalo
SAIIA Senior Researcher Khumalon@gmail.com 011 339 2021
Victor Mathale
NEPAD Advisor-Trade
and Industry
victorm@nepad.org 011 256 3600
Deprose
Muchena
OSISA Programme
Manger
Depose@osisa.org 011 587 5000
Zandi Mtetwa
The DTI NEPAD Assistant
Director
ZMtetwa@thedti.gov.za 012 394 3019
Ben Fugah
ECIC Senior Economist bfugah@ecic.co.za 012 471 3806
Rosalie Lo
NEPAD
Secretariat
Gender, CSO’s
and Parliamentary
Advisor
rosaliel@nepad.org 0718508559
Anna Worifah n/a n/a annaworifah@yahoo.co.uk 073 232 6545
Samuel Nyambi CAPDEV/
Af-TADI
Senior
Development Co-
ordinator
capdev.services@gmail.com
samuel.nyambi@gmail.com
011 513 3129/
011513 3128
*Other participants from Mr. Nyambi’s office:
Olivia Mbanzang N.
Solomon Tekom
Vincent Oparah
Lerato Pagiwa
C) List of other interested persons invited but unable to attend due to earlier commitments
Peter Draper SAIIA Trade Programme Head peter.draper@saiia.org.za 012 430 2670
Cosmas
Mamhunze
ECI Africa-Trade
and AGOA/
SAIBL
Senior Specialist- Trade
and AGOA
Cosmas.mamhunze@eciafrica.com 011 602 1273
Catherine Grant Business Unity
South Africa
(BUSA
Director: Trade Policy catherine.grant@busa.org.za 011 784 8000
Brendan Vickers IGD Senior Researcher:
Multilateral Trade
brendan@igd.org.za 011 3151299
Ximena Gonzalez-
Nunez
TIPS Executive Director Ximena@tips.org.za 012 431 7900
Bongekile Mbili ECI Africa- Trade
and AGOA/
SAIBL
Senior Specialist- Trade
and AGOA
Bongekile.Mbili@eciafrica.com 011 602 1263
Patrick Ooro Standard Bank Operations Manager:
Community Banking
Fund
patrick.ooro@standardbank.co.za 011 374 1253
Phiwe Marumo IDC Senior Business
Development Manger
phiwem@idc.co.za 011 2693000
Nolwazi Gasa DBSA Coordinator: Socio
Economic
NolwaziG@dbsa.org 011 3133725