The document provides an overview of issues faced by slum dwellers globally and recommendations to address them. It discusses the main causes of slum settlements like population growth, unemployment, and weak governance. It then outlines problems faced by slum residents such as lack of basic services, unhygienic living conditions, and poverty. The social and economic impacts of slums are also examined. Solutions proposed include interventions by non-profits, improving access to healthcare, education, permanent housing, and employment opportunities. The report uses data from reliable sources to inform its analysis and policy prescriptions.

1. PREFACE
he research report in next following pages is submitted to fulfill the
project assignment requirement of HM102 course. As regards the
subject, the report concisely highlights the names and nature of
problems faced by slum-dwellers throughout the entire globe, and discovers
their causes and the possible solutions to these issues. The purpose that
underlies is the need to develop the slum dominating areas in educational,
health and municipal spheres. Besides conciseness, relevance and brevity, the
special features of the report include: richness in references, case studies and
a gist of general to particular and cause and effect patterns. The report is
based on a collective effort byfive individuals of group and the procedures
adopted to develop the report include collection of data through reliable
resources from internet, interviews and questionnaires. Few interviews were
also derived from renowned daily newspapers of Islamic Republic Of Pakistan.
The special problem faced in the preparation of report was the search of
people in slums, literate enough to get through the interview. The work is
highly valuable, since the data is collected from reliable resources and the
recent statistics are included.
The following reports and articles may be consulted for reference:
United Nations Human Settlement Program. The Challenges Of Slums.
London:Earthscan Publications Ltd, 2003.
MedecinesSans Frontiers. Urban Survivors-Humanitarian Challenge.
Belgium: msf.org, 2011.
Ivo Imparato. Slum Upgrading &Participation.Washington D.C, 2003.
Usman, Ali Harisetal.Slum Dwellers.Karachi:BhangooAcademic Writing,
Section GMissSaamea, 2009.
To convey a humble sense of indebtedness, we would like to appreciate and
acknowledge the work of UN Health Department in preparing a global report
T

2. on the subject of slums and the works of The Daily Times in publishing
successive informative reports on this topic of concern.i
ABSTRACT
hemain idea of this research paper is to analyze the difficulties that
theslum dwellers face in their daily lives, the impact of challenges of
theslum areas on the country’s economy, and to provide the
necessaryrecommendations to resolve their issues subjectively. The main
objective behind this report is to address the issues of slums and the most
effective means to eradicate these problems. It is intended towards finding out
what problemsthey face with the help of a personal interview. The scope of
this report is to discuss the problems faced by slum-dwellers within the
796,096 km2
of Islamic Republic Of Pakistan, their causes, and possible
solutions. The effects these slums have on the people living near them are found
out by interacting with them. The attitude of general public towards the slum
inhabitants is established through questionnaires. The role of the
authoritiesand government in helping these slum dwellers to improve their
life style is obtained by interviewing an authority figure. Lastly, conclusions and
recommendationsare drawn to address this issue by analyzing the information
collected throughout the research project. The major conclusions reached
through this endeavored work include an increased need for humanitarian
interventions in the slumenvironments of the major part of Pakistan,
introduction of education to improve literacy rate, permanent housing and
T

3. employment opportunities to eradicate crime therein. It is developed that
there is an absence of effective and tailored urban and other policy responses
to address the underlying issues and their translation into new spatial
regulatoryand developmental policies, and a needto develop partnerships
among city authorities, local NGOs, and urban planners to create an
environment in which the welfare programmes can be effectively implemented
and managed, and in
which health and hygiene can be promoted and encouraged. It is also an
importantattempt to work with the local people themselves to give those often-
neglected and disenfranchised populations some agency in the process.
ii

4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
irst and foremost, we would like to thank Almighty Allah for helping us
at every stageof this research paper.We pay our wholehearted
gratitude to the Almighty God for showing us His favour in
circumstances over which we had no control and without His grace and wish,
we will not be where we stand now and obviously this work could never have
been completed successfully.Without His help, nothing is and never would be
possible to happen. A word of acknowledgement for the slum inhabitants of
Johar Town, Karachi for cooperating with us and providing us with the
necessary information required to get us started.We would also like to thank
each and every one that became a part of this project by filling in the
questionnaires with the due attention and enthusiasm. We would like to
mention and acknowledge the work of United Nations Human Development
Programme: “The Challenges Of Slum”, the effort of the students of Hamdard
University, Karachi: “Slum-Dwellers”, and the “Slum Upgrading &
Participation” report by The World Bank. A word of appreciation and
acknowledgement for “The Daily Times” newspaper, from which we borrowed
the interview of Mukhtar Ahmed (a slum inhabitant of Karachi). We
acknowledge the work of the newspapers: “The Daily Times” and “The News”,
in publishing successive interviews and reports in this regard. Other works
include the report: “The Case Of Karachi” by Planning Consultant, ArifHasan;
F

5. the global report“Humanitarian Challenges Of A Rising Slum Population” by
MSF, Belgium; and the special report “The Cruelty Of The Slums” published by
the agency Development Asia.Finally, a debt of gratitude to Dr.Sardar
Muhammad and Sir BukhtRehman for providing us the enlightening
information that helped us in concludingour project.
Iii
heChallenges Of
The Slum

6. n 2009, humanity crossed a profound threshold.
For thefirst time, more than half of the world’s
population lived in cities rather than in rural
areas. Many people made the move, seeking
greatereconomic opportunity, but rapid and
sustained urbanization has swelled existing slums, and
spurred the creation of new ones in countries around
the world. More than 800 million people now live in
slumconditions. That is more than one out of every 10
peopleon the planet.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface .……………………….i
Acknowledgements ..………………………ii
Abstract .………………………..iii
Summary .………………………..iv
Introduction .………………………..v
1. Causes Of Slum Settlements:1
 Failure Of Governance 1
 Institutional & Legal Failure 1
 Population, Hunger & Unemployment 3
 Illegal Settlements & Subdivisions 4
 Political Exploitation 5
2. Problems Of Slum-Dwellers:6
 Lack Of Basic Services6
 Substandard Housing 6
I
HM102-PROJECT REPORT

7.  Overcrowding & High Density 6
 Unhealthy Environment & Hazardous Locations 6
 Insecure Tenure; Informal Settlements 7
 Poverty & Social Exclusion 7
 Minimum Settlement Size8
 Corruption & Crime Rate 8
 Health Issues 9
 Security & Development 10
 Water & Electricity


10
 Hygiene & Sanitation
 Social Discrimination11
 Grooming Of Children 11
 Political Insecurity 12
3.Social& Economic Impact Of Slums 13
4.Solutions To Problems: 16
 Non-Governmental Interventions 16
 Policy Commitments 16
 Commitments Of NGOs 17
 Commitment Of ITC Agencies 18
 Cleanliness & Health 18
 Permanent Employment18
 Land Use Planning & Building Codes 19
 Interdependent Critical Infrastructure 19
 Literacy 19
 Permanent Housing20
5.Recommendations 21

8. 6.Case Study: Karachi 22
Conclusions.………………………Vii
Summary………………………Viii
Bibliography ……………………….ix
References ……………………….ix
7.APPENDICES: x
A. Questionnaire
B. Fact Sheeet
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
Figure A:
Figure B:
Figure C:
Figure D:
Chart A:
Table B-4.1
Table B-4.2
Table B-4.3