The document discusses various techniques for monitoring and controlling projects, including developing a change control system, monitoring risks and implementing responses, creating progress reports, and using earned value analysis. It emphasizes the importance of collecting work performance data and creating reports to understand progress, budget, and quality. Key aspects of monitoring include tracking project work, risks, communications, and ensuring customer satisfaction through quality control and assurance activities.

1. Determining Project Progress
and Results
Chapter 14
Contemporary Project Management
Kloppenborg

2. At the end of this chapter…
• Develop and demonstrate use of a change
control system.
• Demonstrate how to monitor and control project
risks with various resolution strategies.
• Create and present a project progress report.
• Describe the importance of formal reporting and
communications.
• Demonstrate negotiating skills and Manage
conflicts during the project execution

3. At the end of this chapter…
• Describe project quality control tools, including
how and when to use each.
• Calculate current project schedule and budget
progress, and predict future progress, using
earned value analysis.
• Document project progress using MS Project.

4. Project Balanced Scorecard
Approach
• The concept behind a balanced scorecard
is that an organization needs to be
evaluated from the perspectives of
customer, internal business, financial, and
growth and innovation.
• If one considers a project as a temporary
organization, the same perspectives make
sense when monitoring and controlling a
project.

5. Internal Project Issues
• All aspects of a project are important and
interrelated when determining progress
and results, a logical starting place is with
the project work that needs to be
accomplished.
• Closely related are the risks that may
impede the work and adequate
communication. Collectively, these form
the project’s internal issues. These issues
can be envisioned as the project’s nerve
center.

6. Direct and Manage Project
Work
• Directing and managing project work is
performing the work as defined in various
components of the project management plan,
including approved changes with an intent to
accomplish project objectives.
• When project managers authorize project work,
they should empower others to the extent
possible, yet control them to the extent
necessary.

7. Monitor and Control Project Work
• It includes identifying work packages for tracking,
reviewing, and documenting the progress to ensure
that the project execution meets performance
objectives.
• Monitor refers to reviewing the progress and
capturing project performance data and developing
performance measures; and communicating
performance information.
• Control means assessing actual performance
obtained from monitoring a work element and
comparing it with planned performance and
implement improvements.

8. Some of the monitoring and controlling
decisions are listed below:
1. If the actual progress is very different from the
original intent, the project charter needs to be
revisited to ensure that the project still makes
sense.
2. If progress is somewhat different from what
was planned but the charter is still a good
guide, perhaps the project plan needs to be
adjusted.

9. 3. If the project plan is still a useful guide, perhaps
minor adjustments need to be made in day-to-day
instructions within the project executing stage.
4. Finally, if the results indicate the customer is
ready to accept the project deliverables, perhaps it
is time to proceed into the project closing stage.

10. PERFORM INTEGRATED CHANGE CONTROL
• It is reviewing all change proposals, estimating
their impact on project goals wherever
appropriate, approving or declining changes,
and managing changes to deliverables,
schedules, budgets, and the project
management plan.
• Change control is a process wherein change
proposals to various project planning elements
are acknowledged, formally documented, and
either approved or declined after review.

11. Monitoring Project Risk
During project planning, team normally develops a
risk management plan used to guide risk
monitoring and response activities.
• Monitor risks: process of adhering to the risk
response plan of tracking identified risks,
identifying new risks, monitoring residual risks,
and evaluating the effectiveness of the risk
response process throughout the project.

12. Implement Risk Responses
• Implement risk responses is the process where
when a risk event occurs or is quite likely to
occur soon, the person assigned to that risk
executes the strategy identified in risk
management plan.
• Possible outcomes of implementing a risk
response include updates to the risk register,
approved change orders, and perhaps lessons
learned so that both this project and future
projects may avoid that same risk event in the
future.

13. Manage Communications
It is the work connected with the project
communications plan, starting with planning
for it; generating it; organizing and sharing it;
and, finally, storing and disposing of it.

14. Collect information on executed
work and work in progress
Project managers gather data on the work
they have authorized so they can understand
the progress being made and answer these
questions:
• How well is this particular activity proceeding in terms of
time and budget?
• How well is the entire project proceeding in terms of time
and budget?
• How much more money will need to be spent to finish?
• To what extent does the quality of this work meet
requirements?

15. REPORT PERFORMANCE
• Includes gathering work performance data and using it to
create work performance information and reports. It is the
actual and raw observations and measurements during
execution of project activities.
• Work performance information is the performance data
collected from these processes, analyzed in context, and
then integrated, considering relations across areas.
• Work performance reports are the compilation of work
performance information in some physical or electronic
form that are presented as project documents intended to
generate awareness.

16. Monitor Communications
• It is monitoring and controlling communications throughout
the project life cycle to make certain that the information
needs of all the project stakeholders are met.
• The project manager and core team often discuss whether
the project communications are following the plan, how
effective they are, and how to improve their effectiveness.
• Self-directed teams on agile projects are largely
empowered to decide what work to do and when to do it,
consistent with the prioritizing of deliverables by the
product owner.

17. Customer Issues
• It is the process of using and improving the quality plan
and policy to perform tasks that will most likely lead to
creating project outputs to customers’ satisfaction.
• This forward-looking, broad management process (Quality
assurance) both ensures that work is performed correctly
and that key stakeholders are convinced that the work is
performed correctly.
• Control quality: “the activities used to verify that
deliverables are of acceptable quality and that they are
complete and correct. Examples of quality control activities
include inspection, deliverable peer reviews, and the
testing process.