Programmer Anarchy (English)

PROGRAMMER ANARCHY
Fred George
Forward Internet Group, London, UK
fredgeorge@acm.org


Experiences at...


Performance


Performance
£3m £7m £13m £27m £55m


Performance
£3m £7m £13m £27m £55m

£0.5m £0.7m £1.0m £3.9m £10.0m


£100m
Performance
£3m £7m £13m £27m £55m

£0.5m £0.7m £1.0m £3.9m £10.0m

£15m


Why is Forward Working?


Cyneﬁn Framework:
Model for Problems


Cyneﬁn Framework:
Model for Problems

✦ Father is Dave Snowden
✦ Published in Harvard Business Review, 2007
✦ A Leader's Framework for Decision Making
✦ Early publishing starting in 2000 from work at IBM


The Cyneﬁn Framework



Complicated

Simple



Complicated
Cause  Effect

Simple
Cause  Effect



Complex Complicated
Cause ? Effect Cause  Effect

Chaotic Simple
Effect? Cause? Cause  Effect



Complex Complicated

Disorder
Chaotic Simple


Effective Organizations


Effective Organizations

Complex Complicated

Chaotic Simple


Agile Manifesto

✦ Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
✦ Working software over comprehensive documentation
✦ Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
✦ Responding to change over following a plan


Agile Manifesto

✦ Individuals and interactions over processes and tools✓
✦ Working software over comprehensive documentation ✓
✦ Customer collaboration over contract negotiation ✓
✦ Responding to change over following a plan ✓


XP Values

✦ Feedback
✦ Communication
✦ Simplicity
✦ Courage
✦ Respect


XP Values

✦ Feedback ✓
✦ Communication ✓
✦ ✓
Simplicity
✦ Courage ✓
✦ Respect ✓


Agile Best Practices

✦ Stand ups ✦ Unit tests
✦ Story narratives ✦ Acceptance tests
✦ Retrospectives ✦ Refactoring
✦ Estimates ✦ Patterns
✦ Iterations ✦ Continuous integration
✦ Mandatory pairing


Agile Best Practices Not Used



Agile Impact:

Trust
between Customer and Developer


Trust


Trust

waterfall

WHY?
✦ Larger systems
✦ Higher expectations
✦ Volatile commercial
environments

Trust ✦ etc...

waterfall

Trust

waterfall
Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd Idea from Mark Durrand, uSwitch 13

agile/lean

Trust

waterfall

Lean

Kanban

Trust SCRUM Agile

XP

waterfall agile/lean

Trust
Cultural
Chasm


✦ Frequency of interaction
✦ Process impact
✦ Fewer roles (& titles!)

Trust
Cultural
Chasm


Role Impact
management

Agile
Roles

business development


Role Impact project
manager
iteration
management manager

Agile
Roles

customer programmer architect
QA
BA UI designer
DBA


Role Impact project
manager
iteration
management manager

Agile
Roles

customer
QA developer
BA


Trust
Cultural
Chasm
Fortune 50 story


Cultural
Chasm

Trust

Fortune 50 story


Agile Roles

✦ Customer
✦ Project manager
✦ Business analyst
✦ Developer
✦ Quality assurance / tester


Agile Roles

✦ Customer ✓
✦ Project manager
✦ Business analyst
✦ Developer ✓
✦ Quality assurance / tester


Agile Roles

✦ Customer ✓
✦ X
Project manager
✦ Business analyst X

✦ Developer ✓
✦ Quality assurance / tester X


Agile Roles Reduced Again...

✦ Customer ✓
✦ X
Project manager
✦ Business analyst X

✦ Developer ✓
✦ Quality assurance / tester X
✦ Manager of programmers X

Developer-Driven Development



Open Source Business



PROGRAMMER ANARCHY

Open Source Business


Why “ANARCHY”


Why “ANARCHY”
✦ EMPOWERMENT
✦ Somebody “gives” it
✦ Somebody can “take
it away”
✦ Leads to “Can I ... ?”


Why “ANARCHY”
✦ EMPOWERMENT ✦ ANARCHY
✦ Somebody “gives” it ✦ Nobody to ask
✦ Somebody can “take ✦ Can’t stop someone
it away” else
✦ Leads to “Can I ... ?” ✦ Disagreements
expected


Matching Work and Devs
Stories Devs


Stories Devs

Stand Up


Projects Devs

“Resource Rumble”

Projects Devs

Who?

“Resource Rumble”

Agile Side Effect:
Story Tyranny


Agile Side Effect:
Story Tyranny
✦ Development driven by stories
✦ Stories small
✦ Priority set by customer
✦ Story-level estimates and metrics


Agile Side Effect:
Story Tyranny
✦ Development driven by stories
✦ Stories small
✦ Priority set by customer
✦ Story-level estimates and metrics

Problem:
Developers become disconnected
from business problem (Drones)

Business Decisions Shift...

Trust

waterfall agile/lean anarchy


Cust Dev

Trust



Cust Dev

Trust

Cust Dev


Cust Dev

Trust
Cust Dev

Cust Dev

forwardtechnology.co.uk


Example: Energy Revolution



✦ Prior system:
✦ .NET with SQLServer



✦ Prior system:
✦ .NET with SQLServer
✦ New system:
✦ Ruby, Clojure, C++
✦ MySQL, MongoDB
✦ HAML, SASS



✦ Ruby for energy calculation - big improvement!



✦ Rewrote in Clojure



✦ Rewrote in Clojure (again)




Question: What manager would let them to do it?




Question: What manager would let them to do it?
Hence: No manager!


Example: Click Tracking



✦ Old system:
✦ Ruby-based, 32 servers with 40% utilization



✦ Old system:
✦ Ruby-based, 32 servers with 40% utilization
✦ New system:
✦ Node.js, 22 servers with 10% utilization and lower
latency


Cultural Enablers


Cultural Enablers

Fear is the
mind killer


Cultural Enablers
Sound ﬁnances

Like risk


Cultural Enablers
Sound ﬁnances

Like risk

Clarity of Developer
success focused

Respected peers

Cultural Enablers
Do or not do,
Sound ﬁnances there is no try
Like risk Experimentation
drives innovation

If you are not failing,
you are not trying
success focused

Respected peers

Cultural Enablers
Do or not do,
Sound ﬁnances there is no try
Like risk Experimentation
drives innovation

If you are not failing,
you are not trying
success focused The greatest barrier
to success is
Respected peers the fear of failure

Trust w
✦ Stand ups collocation ✦ Unit tests


Trust w
Results,
✦ Iterations not blame ✦ Continuous integration


Trust w
Small,
short-lived
✦ Estimates ✦ Patterns apps
Results,


Trust w
Small,
short-lived
✦ Estimates ✦ Patterns apps
Results,
✦ Mandatory pairing Continuous
deployment


Reality Check


Reality Check

✦ Different extent by team
✦ Talent, experience, apprehension
✦ Anarchy exists in how Anarchy is implemented
✦ Even our best Anarchists “ask” on occasion
✦ Commercial success driving freedom


Acknowledgments


Acknowledgments
✦ Anarchists
✦ Andy Kent
✦ Paul Ingles
✦ Mike Jones
✦ ... and the rest of the Search Team


Acknowledgments
✦ Anarchists
✦ Andy Kent
✦ Paul Ingles
✦ Mike Jones
✦ ... and the rest of the Search Team
✦ Enablers
✦ Carl Gaywood and Neil Hutchinson


PROGRAMMER ANARCHY


Programmer Anarchy (English)

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