This document discusses best practices for production debugging and logging. It covers: 1) The benefits of using JSON format for logs, such as being easier to filter, visualize, and read, and being supported by most coding languages and loggers. 2) Definitions for different log severity levels from debug to critical/fatal. 3) Logging best practices such as logging communications between components and external APIs, adding valuable metadata, and combining textual and metric fields. 4) The importance of alerts and guidelines for properly defining, structuring, and handling different types of alerts.