Probability is a measure of how likely an event is to occur, expressed as a fraction between 0 and 1. Examples of events where probability can be calculated include outcomes of coin tosses, dice rolls, and draws from collections like cards. Specific probabilities can be found for scenarios like the likelihood of rolling a multiple of 3 on a single die, obtaining a total over 7 from two dice, drawing balls of the same color from a bag, or selecting cards that are both black or both queens from a deck.

1. Probability

2. Probability
• Probability is a measure of how likely an event is to occur.
• Probability is expressed in the form of fractions.
• Probability ranges between 0 and 1.
P(X or Y) = P(X) + P(Y) – P (X∩Y)
or P(X⋃Y) = P(X) + P(Y) – P(X∩Y)

3. • Coin:
• When we throw a coin, either a Head (H) or Tail(T) appears.
• Dice:
• A dice is a solid cube, having 6 faces, marked 1,2,3,4,5,6 respectively
• When we throw a dice, outcome is the number that appears on upper face.
• Cards:
• Pack of cards have 52 cards, 13 of each suit namely Spades, clubs, heart and
diamonds.
• Cards of spades and clubs are black cards i.e. 26 cards are black.
• Cards of hearts and diamonds are red cards i.e. 26 cards are red.
• 4 Honour cards of each suit namely Ace, Kings, Queens and Jacks. These are
also called Face cards.

4. Examples
1. An unbiased dice is tossed. Find the probability of getting multiple of
3.
2. In a simultaneous throw of a pair of dice, find the probability of getting
total of more than 7.
3. A bag contains 6 white and 4 black balls. Two balls are drawn at
random. Find the probability that they are of same color.
4. Two cards are drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. What is the
probability that either both are black or both are queens?