W. Edwards Deming is known as the father of quality management. He developed the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle and his famous Fourteen Points for quality management. Joseph Juran focused on quality planning, control, and improvement through his Quality Trilogy. Philip Crosby emphasized reducing costs of poor quality and defined the Four Absolutes of quality management. Taiichi Ohno identified seven types of waste in production through developing the Toyota Production System, now known as Lean Manufacturing.

1. QUALITY GURUS

2. QUALITY: DEFINITION
“The quality of a product
is its ability to satisfy
the needs and expectations
of the customers”

3. QUALITY GURUS
W Edwards
Deming
Joseph M.Juran
Philip Crosby
Taiichi Ohno

4. W Edwards
Deming
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

5. W EDWARDS DEMING (1900-1993)
THE KEY TO QUALITY: REDUCING
VARIATION
• Died- December 20, 1993
• Born – October 14, 1990
De W. Edwards Deming is know as
the father of the Japanese post-
war industrial revival and was
regarded by many as the leading
quality in the United States.
• His expertise was used during
World War II to a assist the United
States in its effort to improve the

6. W EDWARDS DEMING
• Core element is the “management circ
• Planning
• Do/implementation
• Check/study
• Action

7. W EDWARDS DEMING
FOURTEEN POINTS
1. Create constancy of purpose toward
improvement.
2. Adopt the new philosophy .
3. Stop depending on inspections.
4.Use a single supplier for any one item.
5.Improve constantly and forever.

8. W EDWARDS DEMING
FOURTEEN POINTS
6. Use training on the job
7. Implement leadership
8.Eliminate fear
9. Break down barriers between
departments.
10. Eliminate unclear slogans.

9. W EDWARDS DEMING
FOURTEEN POINTS
11. Eliminate management by objectives
12. Remove barriers to pride of workmanship
13. Encourage education and self improvement
14.Make “transformation” everyone’s job.

10. Joseph Juran

11. JOSEPH JURAN (1904-2008)
COMPANY WIDE QUALITY CANNOT BE
DELEGATED
• Born – December 20, 1904
• Died- February 28, 2008
• American
• Joseph Juran is an internationally acclaimed
quality guru, similar to Edward Deming , strongly
influencing Japanese manufacturing practices.
• Joseph Juran’s belief that "quality does not happen
by accident” gave rise to the quality trilogy.

12. JOSEPH JURAN
• Dr. Juran has a well-deserved reputation as the founder of a range of
quality management techniques. His quality management approach is
based on three key principles: the Pareto principle; quality management
principles; and
• the Juran Trilogy –
• quality planning,
• quality control, and
• quality improvement.

13. Philip Crosby

14. PHILIP CROSBY
Know as the Fun Uncle of the Quality Revolution
Born:- June 18, 1926
Died:- August 18, 2001
American
Where Philip Crosby excellence was in finding a
terminology for quality that mere mortals could
understand.
He popularized the idea of the “cost of the poor
quality”, that is, figuring out how much it really costs
to do things badly.

15. PHILIP CROSBY
FOUR ABSOLUTES OF QUALITY
MANAGEMENT
• As defined by Philip B. Crosby in his book Quality Is Free, the cost of
quality has two main components: the cost of good quality (or the cost of
conformance) and the cost of poor quality (or the cost of non-
conformance). As Figure 1 shows:
• The cost of poor quality affects:
• Internal and external costs resulting from failing to meet requirements.
• The cost of good quality affects:
• Costs for investing in the prevention of non-conformance to requirements.
• Costs for appraising a product or service for conformance to requirements.
•

16. FOUR ABSOLUTES OF QUALITY
MANAGEMENT (CROSBY, 1979)

17. COST OF POOR QUALITY:
INTERNAL FAILURE COSTS
Internal failure costs are costs
that are caused by products or
services not conforming to
requirements or customer/user
needs and are found before
delivery of products and
services to external customers.
Example: Rework
delays
re-designing

18. COST OF POOR QUALITY:
EXTERNAL FAILURE COSTS
• External failure costs are costs that are caused by
deficiencies found after delivery of products and services
to external customers, which lead to customer
dissatisfaction. Examples include the costs for:
• Complaints
• Repairing goods and redoing services
• Warranties
• Customers’ bad will

19. COST OF GOOD QUALITY:PREVENTION
& APPRAISAL COSTS
• Prevention costs are costs of all activites that are designed to
prevent poor quality from arising in products or services.
Examples include the costs for:
• Quality planning
• Supplier evaluation
• New product review
•
Appraisal costs are costs that occur because of the
need to control products and services to ensure a high
quality level in all stages, conformance to quality
standards and performance requirements. Examples
include the costs for:
• Checking and testing purchased goods and services
• In-process and final inspection/test
• Field testing
•

20. Taiichi Ohno

21. TAIICHI OHNO (1912-1990)
• Graduated with mech Eng degree from
Nagoya
• Worked for the Toyoda Weaving Company
• 1939: Toyota Motor as machine shop
manager
• 1988: Workplace Management ~ just-in-time
and Toyota Production System
(later known as Lean Manufacturing).
• Regarded as the father of

22. OHNO: SEVEN FORMS OF WASTE
•Overproduction
•Waiting
•Transportation
•Motion
•Inventory
•Defects
•Overprocessing