Principles of Conservation | Wall Paintings

PRIN_MR | Leon Levy Foundation Centre for Conservation Studies at Nagaur | 23rd February 2018
Principles of Conservation
Course instructor: Charlotte Martin de Fonjaudran
Values and Significance:
Scientific / Technological values in Architecture
Maniyarasan R

A. Deﬁnitions from Charters
B. In Context to Nagaur fort
C. Architectural Characteristics
D. Intent of research
E. Methodology and Execution
F. Expected Impact and Future Implications
Contents - Scientific / Technological values in Architecture

Burra Definition (1999): The scientific value of a place will depend on the importance of the data involved,
its rarity, quality, representativeness and on the degree to which the place may contribute further substantial
information.
China Principle (2015): Scientific value is the value that a heritage site manifests as physical evidence of
human creativity and achievements in science and technology, as well as the creative process itself.
A - Definitions - Scientific / Technological values in Architecture

2.3.3 The scientific value of a heritage site refers specifically to the history of scientific and technological
development and derives from the following:
• Plan and design, including the selection and layout of a site, protection of the ecology, response to threats
of disaster, and architectural form and structural design.
• Construction, materials, and techniques and the level of scientific and technological achievement they
represented for their time, or their importance as a link in the development of science and technology.
• A facility or place where scientific experiments, production, or transportation, and so on, occurred.
• A place where important scientific and technological information is recorded or preserved.
Principles for the Conservation of Heritage Sites in China, p16, 2002

1.2 - Cultural significance means aesthetic, historic, scientific, social or spiritual value for past, present or
future generations. Cultural significance is embodied in the place itself, its fabric, setting, use, associations,
meanings, records, related places and related objects. Places may have a range of values for different
individuals or groups.
- The Burra Charter 2013, The Australia ICOMOS Charter for places of cultural significance

Article 36
Modern and contemporary sites and architecture. The conservation of modern and contemporary buildings
and structures, industrial heritage and scientiﬁc and technological heritage should focus on the basic
attributes of the original materials, design and function. Any stabilization measures should as far as possible
not alter these attributes. Added components for strengthening a structure should be recognizable and
reversible as far as possible, or at least not preclude further maintenance and repair.
- Principles for the conservation of heritage sites in China 2015.

B - In Context - Scientific / Technological values in Architecture
Places where important scientiﬁc
and technological advances have
been made, along with the
equipment and instruments used,
testify to the development of
science and technology and thus
have signiﬁcance. These places
and their associated apparatus
should also be considered as
integral elements of heritage.

The strengthening of structural
components within modern and
contemporary buildings, and
industrial, scientiﬁc and
technological heritage must take
into consideration the relationship
between use and function as well
as the relevant building codes with
priority given to retaining
signiﬁcant elements.

From a mud fort to now. Amalgamation
of multiple architectural styles. The
history of the fort has been constantly
evolving. Fort has responded to its
time, and the rulers respectively have
had their additions to it.

• Fort Wall
• The Palace
• Artworks & Paintings
• Water Management System
• Gardens
• Open Spaces
C - Architectural Characteristics - Scientific / Technological values in Architecture

Fort Wall -
• Massive, Invincible, Awe & Fear
• 1.5 km perimeter 2-tiered wall
• Defense mechanism
• Architectural elements - gates,
temples, wells, stepped well, guard
room, stable, etc.,
Symbolises life and not just a
monumental structure.
*Minakshi Jain, Khulbhusan Jain & Meghal
Arya, Architecture of the Royal Base camp.
The retrieved Fort of Nagaur, 2009.
C - Architectural Characteristics - Scientific / Technological values in Architecture

To connect with people.
To make them aware of the history.
To make them curious.
To let them be a part of the process.
To involve them as much as possible.
To be proud of the past.
To CREATE values of Scientiﬁc / Technology of the place it deserves.
D - Intent of research - Scientific / Technological values in Architecture

To Create a ‘space’ that can connect the public with the processes of conservation and the experts
of the ﬁeld, respect the work with the greater knowledge and understanding of basic etiquettes, that
can enable both sides to continue, without any hinder to the ‘authentic’ and qualitative experience of
history and heritage, through the passage of time, with the help of scientiﬁc / technological tools,
without any limitation to resources.
To embrace History & Heritage effortlessly and joyfully

Interpretation Center
Information Center
Centre for Experience
Quality Space for History and Understanding

Science, technology and culture: The progress of all societies is profoundly marked by science and
technology strongly influenced by social and cultural factors. In order to be truly free and less constrained,
people need science and technology. To be liberating, scientific and technological culture has to be linked
to, ethical and humanistic values.
History teaching: While aimed at imparting a critical knowledge of one's own culture, such teaching
should also seek to promote awareness and appreciation of other contributions to national and global
civilisation. History teaching should include elements concerning the development of universal culture,
thought and creativity and should avoid a presentation exclusively in terms of power conflicts and
confrontations. History teachers should strive for the greatest possible intellectual rigour in transmitting
historical knowledge, to schoolchildren.
- International Conference on education, 43rd Session, Geneva, 1992
E - Methodology - Scientific / Technological values in Architecture

Interpretation refers to the full range of potential activities intended to heighten public awareness and
enhance understanding of cultural heritage site. These can include print and electronic publications, public
lectures, on-site and directly related off-site installations, educational programmes, community activities, and
ongoing research, training, and evaluation of the interpretation process itself.
Interpretive infrastructure refers to physical installations, facilities, and areas at, or connected with a
cultural heritage site that may be speciﬁcally utilised for the purposes of interpretation and presentation
including those supporting interpretation via new and existing technologies.
Site interpreters refers to staff or volunteers at a cultural heritage site who are permanently or temporarily
engaged in the public communication of information relating to the values and signiﬁcance of the site.
The ICOMOS Charter for the Interpretation and Presentation of Cultural Heritage Sites, 2008.

Digital Experience - Virtual Reality - Augmented Reality
Source: Federico Ferrari and Marco Medici, The Virtual Experience for Cultural Heritage: Methods and Tools Comparison for Geguti
Palace in Kutaisi, Georgia, 27th November 2017

Immersive technologies such as virtual environments and augmented reality have a clear potential to
support the experiencing of cultural heritage by the large public, complementing the current tools and
practices based on tangible goods such as museums, exhibitions, books and visual content.
Games in this category have history as the primary educational goal and focus on the faithful
reconstruction of a specific historical period, event or process which happened in the past; notions of
archaeology, art, sociology and politics are also involved. Especially when dealing with the reconstruction of
a specific process, it is usually important to involve the player actively in this event (like in a role-play
game) to understand and learn the causes and the development of the event itself.
Empathy with a game character and plot may be very helpful for understanding historical events, different
cultures, other people’s feelings, problems, and behaviours, on the one hand, and the beauty and value of
nature, architecture, art and heritage, on the other one. This persuasive approach should clearly be
combined with the rigour of the scientific method, could be achieved upon.
Mortara, Michela and Catalano, Chiara Eva and Bellotti, Francesco and Fiucci, Giusy and Houry-Panchetti, Minica and Petridis, Panagiotis
Learning cultural heritage by serious games. (2014) Journal of Cultural Heritage, vol. 15 (n° 3). pp. 318-325. ISSN 1296-2074

Experiencing through Imaging, away from the
conventional 2-D Panels, to gain the attention
and show the unusual views
• Aerial Imaging
• 360 Views of Strategic Locations
• Giga-pixel Imaging and Exhibition
• Publications
Historic Understanding -

F - Impact - Scientific / Technological values in Architecture

sense of achievement
enthusiasm and curiosity
questioning the ‘known’ knowledge
better understanding of the place and history
to work and build in teams
Looking for more
understanding history without being bored
creating awareness
understanding the environment
break for experts from their routine
inviting peers to join

A Heritage Games & Puzzle Centre
Heritage Strategic Design Management
Heritage Toys & Game Design
Heritage Quizzes

As little as possible, as much as necessary
As much as possible, much more than necessary

Principles of Conservation | Wall Paintings

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